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62-458: It is a residential neighborhood with both old houses and apartment buildings, quiet streets and a few crowded, high-traffic avenues. It has several parks that make it very pleasant. During the summer, it is not uncommon to see neighbors comfortably sitting on chairs on the sidewalk, chatting with each other. It is also home of several institutions of importance to the Buenos Aires culture, such as

124-549: A 4 measure). Subsequently, the English tango evolved mainly as a highly competitive dance , while the American tango evolved as an unjudged social dance with an emphasis on leading and following skills. This has led to some principal distinctions in basic technique and style. Nevertheless, there are quite a few competitions held in the American style, and of course mutual borrowing of technique and dance patterns happens all

186-453: A Rioplatense music band consisting of seven musicians from Argentina and Uruguay, released their first album in 2002. Tanghetto 's album Emigrante (electrotango) appeared in 2003 and was nominated for a Latin Grammy in 2004. These and other electronic tango fusion songs bring an element of revitalization to the tango dance, serving to attract a younger group of dancers. In the second half of

248-567: A "corte". In tango from the River Plate region, the open position, the legs may be intertwined and hooked together, in the style of Pulpo (the Octopus). In Pulpo's style, these hooks are not sharp, but smooth ganchos. In tango from the River Plate, the ball or toe of the foot may be placed first. Alternatively, the dancer may take the floor with the entire foot in a cat-like manner. In the international style of tango, " heel leads " (stepping first onto

310-454: A corruption of, variously, the terms bara ("bread") and gwen ("wine") in the Breton language , the surname of an early barrel-organ manufacturer from Modena , Giovanni Barberi, or that of the English inventor John Burberry. The term hurdy-gurdy is sometimes mistakenly applied to a small, portable barrel organ that was frequently played by organ grinders and buskers (street musicians), but

372-526: A manovella ("crank organ") and organo tedesco ("German organ"); the Polish name is katarynka . However, several of these names include types of mechanical organs for which the music is encoded as book music or by holes on a punched paper tape instead of by pins on a barrel. While many of these terms refer to the physical operation of the crank, some refer to an exotic origin. The French name orgue de Barbarie , suggesting barbarians , has been explained as

434-583: A more powerful version of a longcase clock . They could also be hydraulically powered, with a turbine or waterwheel arrangement giving the mechanical force to turn the barrel and pump the bellows. The last barrel organs were electrically powered, or converted to electrical power. Eventually, many large barrel organs had their barrel actions removed and were converted to play a different format of music, such as cardboard books or paper rolls . Especially in churches, some large barrel organs were built as "barrel and finger" organs. Such instruments are furnished with

496-405: A normal organ keyboard, in addition to the automatic mechanism, making it possible to play them by hand when a human organist is available. The barrels were often out of sight. At the beginning of the 20th century, large barrel organs intended for use as fairground organs or street organs were often converted, or newly built, to play music rolls or book music rather than barrels. This allows

558-458: A phenomenon of culture shock . Additionally, the combination of African, Native American and European cultural influences in tango was new and unusual to most of the Western world . Many neighbourhoods of Buenos Aires have their particular tango histories: for example La Boca , San Telmo and Boedo . At Boedo Avenue, Cátulo Castillo , Homero Manzi and other singers and composers used to meet at

620-580: A rise, and in backward steps dancers push from the heel. In basic steps, the passing leg moves quickly to rest for a moment close to the grounded leg. Dips and rotations are typical. There is no open position, and typically feet stay close to the floor, except in dips the follower might slightly raise the left leg. Unlike in some Argentine-Uruguayan tango styles, in Finnish tango there is no kicking of any kind, and there are no aerials. The annual Finnish tango festival Tangomarkkinat draws over 100,000 tango fans to

682-433: A role in the resurgence of the tango in 1950s Argentina. Mores's Taquito Militar was premiered in 1952 during a governmental speech by President Juan D. Perón, which generated a strong political and cultural controversy between different views of the concepts of "cultured" music and "popular" music, as well as the links between both "cultures". Tango declined again in the late 1950s, as a result of economic depression and

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744-464: A variety of styles that developed in different regions and eras of Argentina, as well as in other locations around the world. The dance developed in response to many cultural elements, such as the crowding of the venue and even the fashions in clothing. The styles are mostly danced in either open embrace, where lead and follow have space between their bodies, or close embrace , where the lead and follow connect either chest-to-chest (Argentine tango) or in

806-477: Is a French mechanical musical instrument consisting of bellows and one or more ranks of pipes housed in a case, usually of wood, and often highly decorated. The basic principle is the same as a traditional pipe organ , but rather than being played by an organist, the barrel organ is activated either by a person turning a crank, or by clockwork driven by weights or springs. The pieces of music are encoded onto wooden barrels (or cylinders), which are analogous to

868-571: Is a closed position as in other types of ballroom dance , but it differs significantly between types of tango. In Tango from the River Plata region, the "close embrace" involves continuous contact at the full upper body, but not the legs. In American Ballroom tango, the "close embrace" involves close contact in the pelvis or upper thighs, but not the upper body. Followers are instructed to thrust their hips forward, but pull their upper body away and shyly look over their left shoulder when they are led into

930-472: Is a rhythmic style of tango that originated in the early 1900s and is still popular today. It is one of the original roots styles of tango and contains all fundamental elements of traditional Tango from the River Plate region (Uruguay and Argentina). In tango canyengue the dancers share one axis, dance in a closed embrace, and with the legs relaxed and slightly bent. Tango canyengue uses body dissociation for

992-488: Is being challenged due to woman not wanting to be dependent on the male for the dance. In the early 1900s, there were often more male dancers than female so the dance was performed between two men. This allowed for both men to learn the leading and following roles of tango and adapt to both lead equally in the dance. This changed the mechanics of the dance to be closer to two equally leading roles between men and women or same sex pairs. A Queer Tango movement has emerged from

1054-518: Is flexible too, but experienced dancers frequently dance in closed position: higher in the elbows, tone in the arms and constant connection through the body. When dancing socially with beginners, however, it may be better to use a more open position because the close position is too intimate for them. In American Tango open position may result in open breaks, pivots, and turns which are quite foreign in Argentine tango and International (English) tango. There

1116-429: Is positioned just above the surface of the barrel. Each key corresponds to one pitch. A rod is connected to the rear of each key. The other end of the rod is a metal pin which operates a valve within the wind chest. When the instrument is played (by turning the crank), offsets on the crank shaft cause bellows to open and close to produce pressurized air. A reservoir/regulator maintains a constant pressure. A worm gear on

1178-649: Is the Tango Buenos Aires Festival y Mundial in Buenos Aires also known as World tango dance tournament . On a regional level there are also many festivals inside and outside of Argentina . One local festival outside Argentina is Buenos Aires in the Southern Highlands in Australia. Gender roles play a big part in the mechanics of tango due to the tango needing a leader. But in more recent times this

1240-501: The parada (in which the leader puts his foot against the follower's foot), the arrastre (in which the leader appears to drag or be dragged by the follower's foot), and several kinds of sacada (in which the leader displaces the follower's leg by stepping into her space). Music and dance elements of tango are popular in activities related to gymnastics , figure skating , synchronized swimming , etc., because of its dramatic feeling and its cultural associations with romance. For

1302-567: The 1978 FIFA World Cup in Argentina, Adidas designed a ball and named it Tango, likely a tribute to the host country of the event. This design was also used in 1982 FIFA World Cup in Spain as Tango Málaga , and in 1984 and 1988 UEFA European Football Championships in France and West Germany. Tango appears in different aspects of society: regular milongas and special festivals. A very famous festival

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1364-504: The Buenos Aires Western Railway . In its beginnings, the barrio was composed of three small neighborhoods called Villa Catalinas, Villa Mazzini and Villa Modelo. The neighborhoods were situated on top of highlands, almost 40 meters (130 feet) above sea level. At the time, Francisco Seeber owned a company downtown called "Muelle de las Catalinas" (Catalinas Wharfs), located at the time on very low ground. He bought land in

1426-605: The Japanese Cafe with the Boedo Group . In the early years of the 20th century, dancers and orchestras from Buenos Aires travelled to Europe, and the first European tango craze took place in Paris , soon followed by London , Berlin , and other capitals. Tango historian Nardo Zalko , a native of Buenos Aires who lived most of his life in Paris, investigated the mutual fertilization between

1488-755: The keyboard of the traditional pipe organ. A person (or in some cases, a trained animal) who plays a barrel organ is known as an organ grinder . There are many names for the barrel organ, such as hand organ , cylinder organ , box organ (though that can also mean a positive organ ), street organ , grinder organ , and Low Countries organ . In French names include orgue à manivelle ("crank organ") and orgue de Barbarie ("Barbary organ"); German names include Drehorgel ("crank organ"), Leierkasten ("brace box"), and Walzenorgel ("cylinder organ"); Hungarian names include verkli (from Austrian-German Werkl ), sípláda ("whistle chest") and kintorna (from Bayern-Austrian "Kinterne"); Italian names include organetto

1550-500: The pasodoble . This style became very popular in Germany and was soon introduced to England. The movements were very popular with spectators, but not with competition judges. Tango arrived in Finland in 1913. The tango spread from the dominant urban dance form to become hugely popular across Finland in the 1950s after World War I and World War II . The melancholy tone of the music reflects

1612-488: The steam organ or calliope. In the United Kingdom barrel pianos , particularly those played in the streets, are frequently called barrel organs. The pieces of music (or tunes) are encoded onto the barrel using metal pins and staples. Pins are used for short notes, and staples of varying lengths for longer notes. Each barrel usually carried several different tunes. Pinning such barrels was something of an art form, and

1674-578: The tango and milonga ballrooms Sunderland and Club Sin Rumbo, Argentine rock pioneer Litto Nebbia 's Melopea Records, and the winner of three in a row futsal metropolitan tournaments, Club Pinocho . The founder of Villa Urquiza was Francisco Seeber , who was a soldier in the War of the Triple Alliance against Paraguay . Seeber was also Mayor of Buenos Aires between 1889 and 1890, merchant and president of

1736-462: The 1880s along the Río de la Plata , the natural border between Argentina and Uruguay . The tango was born in the impoverished port areas of these countries from a combination of Argentine Milonga , Spanish-Cuban Habanera , and Uruguayan Candombe celebrations. It was frequently practiced in the brothels and bars of ports, where business owners employed bands to entertain their patrons. It then spread to

1798-569: The 1990s, a movement of new tango songs was born in Buenos Aires. It was mainly influenced by the old orchestra style rather than by Piazzolla's renewal and experiments with electronic music. The novelty lies in the new songs, with today's lyrics and language, which find inspiration in a wide variety of contemporary styles. In the 2000s, the movement grew with prominent figures such as the Orquesta Típica Fernandez Fierro, whose creator, Julian Peralta, would later start Astillero and

1860-565: The Orquesta Típica Julián Peralta. Other bands also have become part of the movement such as the Orquesta Rascacielos, Altertango, Ciudad Baigón, as well as singer and songwriters Alfredo "Tape" Rubín, Victoria di Raimondo, Juan Serén, Natalí de Vicenzo and Pacha González . Ballroom tango, divided in recent decades into the "International" and "American" styles, has descended from the tango styles that developed when

1922-412: The banning of public gatherings by the military dictatorships ; male-only tango practice—the custom at the time—was considered "public gathering". That, indirectly, boosted the popularity of rock and roll because, unlike tango, it did not require such gatherings. However, in the late 1980s the tango again experienced a resurgence in Argentina, partly due to the endeavors of Osvaldo Peredo . In 2009,

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1984-510: The barrel will depend on the number of notes in the organ and the length of the tune to be played. The more notes, the longer the barrel. The longer the tune, the greater the diameter. Since the music is hard-coded onto the barrel, the only way for a barrel organ to play a different set of tunes is to replace the barrel with another one. While not a difficult operation, barrels are unwieldy and expensive, so many organ grinders have only one barrel for their instrument. A set of levers called keys

2046-475: The central Finnish town of Seinäjoki ; the town also hosts the Tango Museum. Argentine - Uruguayan and ballroom tango use very different techniques. In Argentine and Uruguayan tango, the body's center moves first, then the feet reach to support it. In ballroom tango, the body is initially set in motion across the floor through the flexing of the lower joints (hip, knee, ankle) while the feet are delayed, then

2108-511: The complex footwork is augmented with gymnastic lifts, kicks, and drops. A newer style sometimes called tango nuevo or 'new tango' has been popularized in recent years by a younger generation of dancers. The embrace is often quite open and very elastic, permitting the leader to lead a large variety of very complex figures. This style is often associated with those who enjoy dancing to jazz- and techno-tinged "alternative tango" music, in addition to traditional tango compositions. Tango canyengue

2170-432: The complex footwork is augmented with gymnastic lifts, kicks, and drops. A newer style sometimes called tango nuevo or 'new tango' was popularized after 1980 by a younger generation of musicians and dancers. Ástor Piazzolla , composer and virtuoso of the bandoneón (so-called "tango accordion") played a major role in the innovation of traditional tango music. The embrace is often quite open and very elastic, permitting

2232-426: The crank shaft causes the barrel to rotate slowly and its pins and staples lift the fronts of the keys. This causes the other end of the key to press down on the end of the rod which, in turn, activates the valve and allows air from the bellows to pass into the corresponding pipe. To allow different tunes to be played from one barrel, the barrel can be moved laterally to bring a different set of pins and staples under

2294-406: The feet move quickly to catch the body, resulting in snatching or striking action that reflects the staccato nature of this style's preferred music. In tango, the steps are typically more gliding, but can vary widely in timing, speed, and character, and follow no single specific rhythm. Because the dance is led and followed at the level of individual steps, these variations can occur from one step to

2356-472: The first Queer Tango Festival, held in Hamburg in 2001, to counter conformity to the traditional male-leader, female-follower convention. Argentine tango is the main subject in these films: A number of films show tango in several scenes, such as: Finnish tango is featured to a greater or lesser extent in the following films: Barrel organ A barrel organ (also called roller organ or crank organ )

2418-588: The former area with the intent of hauling soil to Catalinas for land reclamation . The workers that had worked on the project were mostly from the Province of Entre Ríos , and in 1901, they successfully petitioned for the neighborhood to be named after their provincial hero, Justo José de Urquiza . Villa Urquiza has been served by the Mitre Railway Line since 1902. Work began on a Buenos Aires Metro Line B extension into Villa Urquiza in 2010, helping increase

2480-450: The heel, then the whole foot) are used for forward steps. Ballroom tango steps stay close to the floor, while the River Plate tango (Uruguayan and Argentine) includes moves such as the boleo (allowing momentum to carry one's leg into the air) and gancho (hooking one's leg around one's partner's leg or body) in which the feet travel off the ground. Both Uruguayan and Argentine tango features other vocabulary foreign to ballroom, such as

2542-401: The keys. Street barrel organs usually play 7 to 9 tunes, although small organs (usually the older ones) can play up to 15 tunes. Less commonly (and usually for large orchestrions ) the pinning will form one continuous spiral and the barrel will be gradually moved as it rotates so that the pins remain lined up with the keys. In this case, each barrel plays only one long tune. The barrel organ

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2604-603: The leader to initiate a great variety of very complex figures. This style is often associated with those who enjoy dancing to jazz- and techno-tinged, electronic and alternative music inspired in old tangos, in addition to traditional Tango compositions. Tango nuevo is largely fueled by a fusion between tango music and electronica ( electrotango  [ es ] ), though the style can be adapted to traditional tango and even non-tango songs. Gotan Project released its first tango fusion album in 2000, quickly following with La Revancha del Tango in 2001. Bajofondo Tango Club ,

2666-411: The leading, walking with firm ground contact, and a permanent combination of on- and off-beat rhythm. Its main characteristics are its musicality and playfulness. Its rhythm is described as "incisive, exciting, provocative". The complex figures of this style became the basis for a theatrical performance style of Tango seen in the touring stage shows. For stage purposes, the embrace is often very open, and

2728-414: The modern day tango. The dance originated in working-class districts of Buenos Aires and Montevideo . The music derived from the fusion of various forms of music from Europe. The words "tango" and "tambo" around the River Plate basin were initially used to refer to musical gatherings of slaves, with written records of colonial authorities attempting to ban such gatherings as early as 1789. Initially, it

2790-405: The neighborhood's appeal as a bedroom community for downtown-bound commuters. The extension was finished in 2013 and now serves as the last stop of the B line. Day of the neighborhood: October 2 34°34′24″S 58°29′49″W  /  34.57333°S 58.49694°W  / -34.57333; -58.49694 Tango (dance) Tango is a partner dance and social dance that originated in

2852-445: The next. This allows the dancers to vary the dance from moment to moment to match the music (which often has both legato and/or staccato elements) and their mood. The Tango's frame, called an abrazo or "embrace", is not rigid, but flexibly adjusts to different steps, and may vary from being quite close, to offset in a "V" frame, to open. The flexibility is as important as is all movement in dance. The American Ballroom Tango's frame

2914-550: The onset in 1929 of the Great Depression , and restrictions introduced after the overthrow of the Hipólito Yrigoyen government in 1930, caused a temporary decline in tango's popularity. Its fortunes were reversed later in the 1930s, and tango again became widely fashionable and a matter of national pride under the first Perón government, which in turn had a major effect on Argentinian culture overall. Mariano Mores played

2976-419: The quality of the music produced by a barrel organ is largely a function of the quality of its pinning. The organ barrels must be sturdy to maintain precise alignment over time, since they play the same programming role as music rolls and have to endure significant mechanical strain. Damage to the barrel, such as warpage, would have a direct (and usually detrimental) effect on the music produced. The size of

3038-542: The rest of the world. Many variations of this dance currently exist around the world. On August 31, 2009, UNESCO approved a joint proposal by Argentina and Uruguay to include the tango in the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists . Tango is a dance that has influences from African and European culture. Dances from the Candombe ceremonies of former African enslaved people helped shape

3100-404: The suburban neighborhoods (Villa Urquiza/Devoto/Avellaneda etc.) emphasizes long elegant steps, and complex figures. In this case the embrace may be allowed to open briefly, to permit the execution of the complex footwork. The complex figures of this style became the basis for a theatrical performance style of tango seen in the touring stage shows. For stage purposes, the embrace is often open, and

3162-537: The tango first went abroad to Europe and North America. The dance was simplified, adapted to the preferences of conventional ballroom dancers, and incorporated into the repertoire used in International Ballroom dance competitions. English tango was first codified in October 1922, when it was proposed that it should only be danced to modern tunes, ideally at 30 bars per minute (i.e. 120 beats per minute – assuming

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3224-529: The tango was added to the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists . There are several theories regarding the origin of the word tango , none of which has been proven. An African culture is often credited as the creator of this word; in particular, it is theorized that the word derives from the Yoruba word shangó , which refers to Shango , the God of Thunder in traditional Yoruba religion . This theory suggests that

3286-455: The themes of Finnish folk poetry; Finnish tango is almost always in a minor key . The tango is danced in very close full thigh, pelvis and upper body contact in a wide and strong frame, and features smooth horizontal movements that are very strong and determined. Dancers are very low, allowing long steps without any up and down movement, although rises and falls are optional in some styles. Forward steps land heel first except when descending from

3348-421: The time. Ballroom tangos use different music and styling from the tangos from the River Plata region (Uruguay and Argentina), with more staccato movements and the characteristic head snaps . The head snaps are totally foreign to Argentine and Uruguayan tango, and were introduced in 1934 under the influence of a similar movement in the legs and feet of the tango from the River Plate, and the theatrical movements of

3410-434: The two cities in his work, Paris – Buenos Aires, Un Siècle de Tango ("A Century of Tango"). Towards the end of 1913, it hit New York City as well as Finland . In the U.S. , around 1911, the word " tango " was often applied to dances in a 4 or 4 rhythm such as the one-step . The term was fashionable and did not indicate that tango steps would be used in the dance, although they might be. Tango music

3472-417: The two terms should not be confused. Although the hurdy-gurdy is also powered by a crank and often used by street performers, it produces sound with a rosin -covered wheel rotated against tuned strings. Another key difference is that the hurdy-gurdy player is free to play any tune he or she desires, while the barrel organist is generally confined to pre-programmed tunes. Some also confuse the barrel organ with

3534-415: The upper thigh, hip area (American and International tango). Different styles of tango are: These are danced to several types of music: The milonguero style is characterized by a very close embrace, small steps, and syncopated rhythmic footwork. It is based on the petitero or caquero style of the crowded downtown clubs of the 1950s. In contrast, the tango that originated in the family clubs of

3596-568: The word is derived from the Portuguese word tanger , which means "to play a musical instrument". Another Portuguese word, tangomão , a combination of the verb tanger ("to touch") with the noun mão ("hand") meaning "to play a musical instrument with one's hands", has been suggested as the etymon of tango . According to some authors, tango is derived from the Kongo word ntangu which means "sun", "hour", "space-time". The tango consists of

3658-503: The word “shangó” was morphed through the dilution of the Nigerian language once it reached South America via slave trade . According to an alternative theory, tango is derived from the Spanish word for " drum ", tambor . This word was then mispronounced by Buenos Aires’ lower-class inhabitants to become tambo , ultimately resulting in the common tango . It is also sometimes theorized that

3720-465: Was just one of the many dances, but it soon became popular throughout society, as theatres and street barrel organs spread it from the suburbs to the working-class slums, which were packed with hundreds of thousands of European immigrants . When the tango began to spread internationally around 1900, cultural norms were generally conservative, and so tango dancing was widely regarded as extremely sexual and inappropriate for public display. This led to

3782-496: Was sometimes played but at a rather fast tempo. Instructors of the period would sometimes refer to this as a "North American tango", versus the so-called "Argentine tango". The tango was controversial because of its perceived sexual overtones and, by the end of 1913, the dance teachers who had introduced the dance to Paris were banished from the city. By 1914, more authentic tango stylings were soon developed, along with some variations like Albert Newman's "Minuet" tango. In Argentina,

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3844-590: Was the traditional instrument of organ grinders . With a few exceptions, organ grinders used one of the smaller, more portable versions of the barrel organ, containing perhaps one (or just a few) rank(s) of pipes and only 7 to 9 tunes. Use of these organs was limited by their weight. Most weighed 25 to 50 pounds but some were as heavy as 100 pounds. There were many larger versions located in churches, fairgrounds , music halls , and other large establishments such as sports arenas and theaters. The large barrel organs were often powered by very heavy weights and springs, like

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