53-595: Villa Reale may refer to: Villa Reale in Monza Villa Belgiojoso Bonaparte , in Milan Villa Reale di Marlia in Capannori, Province of Lucca, Tuscany Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Villa Reale . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change
106-612: A commander. While General André Masséna commanded the Army of Italy , Eugène raised a reserve army to guard the kingdom's southern border, after Naples broke its neutrality agreement with France. After the French victory at Austerlitz , Napoleon sought to strengthen Bavaria 's alliance with France and arranged Eugène's marriage to Princess Augusta of Bavaria , daughter of King Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria , breaking her engagement to Charles, Hereditary Prince of Baden . On 12 January 1806, Eugène
159-599: A decree of 1 February 1805, Eugène was created Arch-Chancellor of State and made a prince of France. As commander of the Imperial Guard (successor to the Consular Guard), Eugène preceded his stepfather to Milan ahead of Napoleon's coronation as King of Italy on 26 May 1805. Napoleon had originally intended to place his brother Joseph on the Italian throne and then, after Joseph's refusal, his nephew Napoléon Charles ,
212-480: A diplomatic marriage, this union would turn out to be a happy one. On 14 November 1817, his father-in-law made him Duke of Leuchtenberg and Prince of Eichstätt , with the style Royal Highness . Eugène and Augusta had seven children: On 20 December 1807, he was given the title of Prince de Venise ("Prince of Venice"), a title created on 30 March 1806, when the Venetian Province taken from Austria in 1805
265-546: A large court of honor closed at the end by the two cubic volumes of the Chapel and the Cavallerizza, from which the lower wings of the service buildings start: this defines a rational space, consisting of the orderly arrangement of the volumes that intersect orthogonally and that, progressively, develop in height. The decoration of the façades, renouncing colonnades and relief tiles, is extremely rigorous. The stylistic essentiality of
318-455: A long period of degradation, also due to the fragmentation of the administrations, the renovation work on the central body, on the north and south wings and for the construction of the technical area outside the villa on the north side and the recovery of the Courtyard of Honor began. The consolidation of the walls of the ground floor, the restoration and consolidation of vaults and wooden floors,
371-526: A symbolic link between Vienna and Milan , being the place on the way to the imperial capital. It was originally built by Giuseppe Piermarini between 1777 and 1780, while the realization of the gardens took a few more years. Later, the young Archduke Ferdinand ordered many additions to the complex, again by Piermarini, and used the villa as his country residence until the arrival of the French army in 1796. Piermarini took inspiration from Schönbrunn Palace and
424-701: Is a historical building in Monza , Northern Italy . It lies on the banks of the Lambro river, surrounded by the large Monza Park , one of the largest enclosed parks in Europe. The Royal Villa, also called the Palace of Monza , is a neoclassical palace built by the Habsburgs as a private residence during the Austrian domination of the 18th century. It became the residence of the viceroy with
477-434: Is entrusted to the main masters of the newly formed Brera Academy , founded by Archduke Ferdinand in 1776. In particular, the stuccoes and decorations of the representative rooms are made by Giocondo Albertolli , the frescoes and paintings by Giuseppe Levati and Giulio Traballesi , floors and furniture by Giuseppe Maggiolini . The greenhouses, called Orangerie in the original Piermarinian project and now commonly known as
530-688: The Battle of Lützen . Eugène then returned to Italy, where he set about reorganizing his troops and preparing the defence against the Austrian Empire . Despite the defection of Murat's Kingdom of Naples in January 1814, and pressure from his Bavarian father-in-law, Eugène refused to defect to the Coalition , while also rejecting calls to leave behind his kingdom and join Napoleon in the defence of France . During
583-633: The French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars . Through the second marriage of his mother, Joséphine de Beauharnais , he was the stepson of Napoleon Bonaparte . Under the French Empire he also became Napoleon's adopted son (but not the heir to the imperial throne). He was Viceroy of the Kingdom of Italy under his stepfather, from 1805 to 1814, and commanded the Army of Italy during
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#1732855798023636-748: The Italian Campaign of 1813-1814 , he commanded a series of engagements in the Po Valley in order to slow down the enemy advance, which were in effect a series of organized retreats up to the river Adige . Despite some success against the Austrians at the Battle of the Mincio River on 8 February 1814, and successive victories against the Neapolitan Army , he was beaten at the rivers Taro and Nure . On 16 April, five days after Napoleon's abdication of both
689-718: The Italian Social Republic , it was the seat of command of the Republican National Guard . The events of the immediate post-war period of World War II provoked occupations and the decay of the monument. Since the birth of the Republic , the south wing has been administered by the state, while the rest of the villa is jointly administered by the Municipalities of Monza and the Lombardy Region. In 2012, after
742-661: The Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy and during the Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia , but it lost this function during the Kingdom of Italy of the House of Savoy , the last royals to use it. The Royal Villa was abandoned by the royal family following the murder of King Umberto I in Monza on 29 July 1900 by anarchist Gaetano Bresci . Nowadays, it hosts exhibitions; a wing hosts also the Artistic High School of Monza. The construction of
795-715: The Rocca d'Anfo ), public works (construction of roads, restoration of the Venetian Arsenal , draining of the marshes around Verona ), and the promulgation of the Napoleonic civil , commercial, and penal codes. After the kingdom annexed the Marches from the dissolved Papal States , in April 1808, Eugène managed to keep relations with the Holy See from breaking down and rallied the populations of
848-462: The Royal Palace of Caserta realized by his master Luigi Vanvitelli . Schönbrunn's inverted U-shaped plan is reused and combines the strong scenographic impact that the side wings give to the main façade, the distributional comfort (the central body is used for representation functions, the side wings for private apartments, and the avant-corps for service functions). Unlike the other imperial palaces,
901-600: The Siege of Jaffa and was wounded during the Siege of Acre . Eugène returned to France with Napoleon in the autumn of 1799, helping to bring about the reconciliation of the general and his mother, who had become estranged due to their mutual extramarital affairs. During the Coup of 18 Brumaire , he accompanied Napoleon to Saint-Cloud , where they brought the Council of Five Hundred into submission. When Napoleon became First Consul following
954-815: The War in the Vendée . However, within a year his mother Joséphine had arranged his return to Paris, after she remarried to Napoleon Bonaparte. After joining the 1st Hussar Regiment as an assistant sub-lieutenant on 30 June 1797, Eugène served as an aide-de-camp to his stepfather in the Italian campaign . After the Treaty of Campo Formio (17 October 1797) he was sent on missions to the Ionian Islands and Rome . In 1798, he followed Napoleon in his campaign in Egypt and Syria , where he took part in
1007-686: The "Royal Chapel", the Cavallerizza (horse-shed), the Rotonda dell'Appiani, the Teatrino di Corte ("Small Court Theatre") and the Orangerie . The rooms at the first floor include grand salons and halls, and the Royal apartments of King Umberto I and of Queen Margherita of Savoy. In front of the palace are the royal gardens, designed by Piermarini as English landscape gardens . The three main bodies, arranged in U-shape, delimit
1060-570: The Austrian period of the Royal Villa. In 1861, when the new Kingdom of Italy was established, the building became a palace of the Italian Royal House of Savoy . In 1868 the villa was donated by Victor Emmanuel II to his son, the future Umberto I on the occasion of his marriage to Margherita of Savoy . The villa was a very welcome gift and was immediately used by the royal couple; after
1113-503: The French and Italian thrones, Eugène signed the Convention of Schiarino-Rizzino [ it ] with the Austrian commander Heinrich von Bellegarde , bringing an end to hostilities. His attempt to be crowned King of Italy failed after an insurrection in Milan on 20 April, and Eugène finally relinquished control of the kingdom in the Convention of Mantua on 23 April. After the fall of
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#17328557980231166-793: The Kingdom of Italy, Eugène retired to Munich in June 1814 at the behest of his father-in-law. He soon returned to Paris on the death of his mother, where he was honourably received by Louis XVIII and Alexander I of Russia . He immediately renounced his political activity and returned to his wife's family in Bavaria. Accordingly, he remained neutral during Napoleon's return to power in the Hundred Days . As Duke of Leuchtenberg , Eugène lived his last years in Munich managing his estates and expanding his art collection. At
1219-772: The Municipality of Monza and the Municipality of Milan. Though the Chamber of Commerce of Monza and Brianza and the Province of Monza and Brianza do not hold ownership rights within the historical site, they adhered from the beginning. In 2014 the Federation of Industries (Confindustria) of Monza and Brianza joined the governance of the Consortium. The Consortium is a no-profit organization and may cooperate with universities and Italian or foreign institutes to promote and support research applied to
1272-476: The Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy, the building was used as a royal palace and became home to the viceroy of Italy, Eugène de Beauharnais . The new Viceroy commissioned the architect Luigi Canonica to improve the structure of the villa, including the construction of the theatre on the north wing. It was always at the behest of Beauharnais that, between 1806 and 1808, the complex of the villa and its gardens
1325-511: The Napoleonic Wars. Historians consider him one of Napoleon's most able relatives. Eugène Rose de Beauharnais was born in Paris on 3 September 1781 as the son of Viscount Alexandre de Beauharnais and Marie-Josèphe Rose Tascher de la Pagerie (future empress Josephine), both born in the French colony of Martinique . His parents separated when Eugène was three years old. At the age of five, Eugène
1378-615: The Royal Palace (Villa Reale) and its surrounding park. The aim was to restore the palace and park and ensure regular conservative maintenance, to enable and improve public fruition. The consortium began its activities on 9 September and it brings together the institutional owners of the various sections of the palace and park: the State (the Ministry of Cultural Assets and Tourism ), the Region of Lombardy,
1431-652: The Serrone, was built in 1790. Commissioned by Archduke Ferdinand of Austria-Este on the occasion of the twentieth anniversary of his wedding to Maria Beatrice Ricciarda d'Este , it was designed on the model of the Orangerie of the Schönbrunn Palace . Located on the north side of the villa, it was connected to the palace via a corridor called "Passage of the Ladies". A small circular room, now called Rotonda dell'Appiani, introduced to
1484-727: The Villa of Monza was commissioned by the Empress Maria Theresa of Austria to be the summer residence for the Archduke Ferdinand of Austria , governor of the Duchy of Milan . He had initially settled in the Villa Alari, Cernusco sul Naviglio , rented from the Alari Counts. The choice of Monza was due to the salubrity of the air and the amenity of the country, but also because it represents
1537-521: The annexed areas through economic benefits. During the War of the Fifth Coalition , Eugène was put in command of the Army of Italy with some highly competent generals like Grenier , Charpentier , and the future marshal Étienne MacDonald accompanying him as advisers and officers. In April 1809, he fought and lost the Battle of Sacile against the Austrian army of Archduke John , but Eugène's troops won
1590-530: The building is due not only to precise taste choices but also to political reasons: the court in Vienna preferred to avoid excessive ostentation of wealth and power in an occupied country. The interiors also accord with the principles of rationality and simplicity that characterizes the entire project. In particular, their functionality is a key point: the corridors, for example, are cut to serve independently various rooms used for different uses. The interior decoration
1643-631: The campaign, Eugène again commanded the Army of Italy ( IV Corps ), with a total force of 80,000 men. He fought at the battles of Ostrovno , Vitebsk , Smolensk , Borodino , Maloyaroslavets , Krasnoi , and the Berezina . After Napoleon and then Joachim Murat had left the retreating army in December 1812, Eugène took command of the remnants of the Grande Armée at Poznań . He led the retreat to Leipzig from January to May 1813, then served under Napoleon at
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1696-409: The coup, Eugène was appointed captain of the chasseurs à cheval of the Consular Guard . He distinguished himself in the Guard's cavalry charges at Battle of Marengo , and was promoted to chef d'escadron . In 1803 he bought Hôtel Beauharnais . After rising through the ranks under the Consulate, Eugène was promoted to brigade general soon after the establishment of the Empire in 1804. By
1749-399: The death of King Victor Emmanuel, modernization works, cured by the architects Achille Majnoni d'Intignano and Luigi Tarantola, were undertaken. The Royal Villa was abandoned by the royal family in 1900, after the murder of King Umberto I on 29 July 1900. The King was assassinated in Monza by Gaetano Bresci while he was attending a sports event organized by the club "Forti e Liberi". After
1802-425: The donors. [REDACTED] Media related to Villa Reale (Monza) at Wikimedia Commons 45°35′36″N 9°16′27″E / 45.593437°N 9.274183°E / 45.593437; 9.274183 Eug%C3%A8ne de Beauharnais Eugène Rose de Beauharnais ( French: [øʒɛn də boaʁnɛ] ; 3 September 1781 – 21 February 1824) was a French nobleman, statesman, and military commander who served during
1855-405: The east–west orientation of the façades is preferred here, in place of the classic north–south orientation that guaranteed greater solar radiation. Maybe this choice aimed to ensure a cooler temperature in the villa's rooms or to orient the façade that overlooks the gardens towards the imperial capital. The extension is really vast: 700 rooms for a total of 22,000 m². Following the establishment of
1908-408: The execution of extraordinary maintenance works for the safety of the court, and the restoration of the pavement, the gate and the south façade of the north area were programmed. In addition, the project provided for the redevelopment of the Belvedere curated by the architect Michele De Lucchi and the restoration of the rooms on the ground floor. The works ended on 26th June 2014 and the inauguration
1961-543: The field of the safeguarding and fruition of cultural assets and landscape. It proposes to encourage the development of tourism in the historical buildings of Brianza, in collaboration with businesses and administrations of the territory. Its goals also include the creation of new museums, art exhibitions and performances of particular value. Its nature is not entrepreneurial, but it may produce and sell services that are aligned with its goals and can receive donations and public or private contributions, with possible tax benefits for
2014-484: The large greenhouse. The building is exposed and receives light from the south from a long series of windows. In the second half of the 20th century, right in front of the Serrone, a vast rose garden, the Niso Fumagalli Rose Garden , was established. Here a floral competition, organized by the Italian Association of roses, was held annually in May. After the restoration, the building is now intended for temporary art exhibitions. Annually, on 24 June in conjunction with
2067-417: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Villa_Reale&oldid=661591355 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Royal Villa of Monza The Royal Villa ( Italian : Villa Reale )
2120-431: The mournful event, the new king, Victor Emmanuel III no longer wanted to use the Royal Villa, closing it and transferring most of the furnishings to the Quirinal Palace . In 1934 Victor Emmanuel III donated most of the villa to the municipalities of Monza and Milan by royal decree. He still kept the southern portion with the halls of his father's apartment, King Umberto I, but constantly closed in his memory. During
2173-430: The patron saint of the city, San Giovanni Battista , a fireworks show is organized to the rhythm of the music on the lawn of the Villa Reale or inside the Park of Monza. There have also been numerous concerts and sporting events attended by famous stars of music, sport and entertainment. The Consortium was constituted on 20 July 2009 to promote an optimal use of the Royal Residence of Monza (Reggia di Monza), consisting of
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2226-402: The province of Milan. The new Viceroy was Archduke Rainer Joseph of Austria . Archduke Rainer was passionate about botany and thanks to his contribution the park and the gardens became rich in new species. In 1819 a school was opened in the park to train professional gardeners to care for the gardens of imperial residences. The Archduke commissioned the architect Giacomo Tazzini to modernize
2279-414: The rematch at the Battle of the Piave in May and the Battle of Raab in June. After the Battle of Aspern-Essling , Napoleon recalled the Army of Italy to Austria. After joining the main army on the island of Lobau in the Danube , Eugène took part in the Battle of Wagram . Napoleon considered making Eugène regent of France during the invasion of Russia but ultimately decided against this. During
2332-459: The royal gardens, and the park are managed by a consortium (Consorzio Villa Reale and Parco di Monza). From 23 July 2011, the villa hosted the branch offices of four ministries (Economy and Finance, Reforms, Simplification and Tourism). The following 19 October, the Court of Rome annulled the decrees establishing the peripheral offices of the ministries at the Villa Reale for anti-union conduct since these offices had been established without involving
2385-619: The same time, he provided assistance for proscripts under the Bourbon Restoration , such as Antoine Marie Chamans de Lavalette , and lobbied for the alleviation of the harsh treatment imposed on Napoleon in his captivity in Saint-Helena . In 1822, Eugène's health began to deteriorate. After suffering two attacks of apoplexy in 1823, he died on 21 February 1824 in Munich, aged 42. On 14 January 1806, two days after his adoption by Napoleon, Eugène married Princess Augusta Amalia Ludovika Georgia of Bavaria (1788–1851), eldest daughter of Napoleon's ally, King Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria . Although
2438-452: The son of Louis Bonaparte and Eugène's sister, Hortense . However, both Joseph and Louis refused, so Napoleon placed the Iron Crown upon his own head instead. During the coronation, Napoleon handed the royal ring and mantle to his stepson and on 7 June 1805 announced Eugène's appointment as Viceroy of Italy to the Italian Legislative Assembly. In 1805, the War of the Third Coalition was to test Eugène's talents as an organizer, if not as
2491-401: The trade unions and/or without previous activation, as required by law, of consultation with trade unions. With the fall of Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi 's fourth government , the branches in question were finally abolished by Prime Minister Mario Monti . Piermarini created a neoclassical building adapted to the needs of suburban reality. The palace complex includes the Cappella Reale, or
2544-403: The villa. He worked in particular on the apartments reserved for the Archduke's sons and daughters, on the floors, which were enriched with refined decorations, and on the bathrooms. Rainer left Monza in 1848 and Marshal Radetzky settled there. In 1857 Archduke Maximilian of Austria , the new viceroy of Lombardy-Venetia, occupied the villa sporadically for only two years, definitively closing
2597-486: Was entrusted to his father's care, attending various boarding schools. His father served as a general during the early Revolutionary Wars . After losing the Siege of Mainz (1793) he was imprisoned and executed by guillotine on 23 July 1794, a few days before the fall of Maximilien Robespierre and the end of the Reign of Terror . Eugène joined the French Revolutionary Army soon after his father's death, initially serving as an orderly to General Lazare Hoche during
2650-401: Was extended in size, through the construction of the vast fenced park called " Monza Park "; in fact, it was between 1807 and 1808 that the current 14 km long wall was built, using the demolition material of the ancient Visconti castle. With the fall of the First French Empire (1814), Austria annexed the Italian territories to the Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia and Monza was included in
2703-433: Was officially adopted by Napoleon. Though excluded from succession to the French Empire, on 16 February 1806 he was declared heir presumptive to the Italian throne, in the absence of a second son of Napoleon. Over the following years, Eugène dedicated himself to the management of the Kingdom of Italy, showing himself an astute politician and administrator. He oversaw military works (fortification of Mantua , expansion of
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#17328557980232756-441: Was on 8 September 2014. Now you can visit the royal apartments of Umberto I and Margherita of Savoy that still retain part of the original furnishing, in addition to the representative rooms and other private apartments set up for the visit of Wilhelm II, German Emperor in 1889, for the Prince of Naples, the future Victor Emmanuel III, and the Duchess of Genoa, Princess Elisabeth of Saxony , mother of Queen Margherita. The villa,
2809-462: Was united to Bonaparte's Kingdom of Italy. In 1810, Napoleon used his influence over Karl von Dalberg , Archbishop of Regensburg and Grand Duke of Frankfurt , to name Eugène as constitutional heir of the grand duchy. Von Dalberg abdicated on 26 October 1813 due to Frankfurt's imminent conquest by the allied armies, and Eugène became nominal grand duke until Frankfurt was occupied by the allies in December of that same year. A further imperial sinecure
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