The Viking Club was a club for philologists and historians specializing in Germanic and Scandinavian studies.
59-455: The origins of the Club lie with E.V. Gordon and J. R. R. Tolkien when the two were professors at Leeds University in the 1920s. Its emergence was described thus by Tolkien in a letter of 25 June 1925: during this last session a course of voluntary reading of texts not specially considered in the current syllabus has attracted more than fifteen students, not all of them from the linguistic side of
118-503: A royal charter and act of Parliament in 1903, the then newly formed University of Liverpool began the fragmentation of the Victoria University by being the first member to gain independence. The University of Leeds soon followed suit and had been granted a royal charter as an independent body by King Edward VII by 1904. The Victoria University continued after the break-up of the group, with an amended constitution and renamed as
177-586: A collection of the songs sung by the Viking Club was privately printed in 1936 as Songs for the Philologists . Similar groups have continued at Leeds University since the time of Tolkien and Gordon. As of 2015 the successor of the Viking Club was known as the Old Norse Reading Group, and associated with Gordon's distant successor, Alaric Hall . Leeds University The University of Leeds
236-577: A million pounds was allocated towards its development. The university has engaged in expansion since 2008, and has spent more than £300 million on new educational, research, residential and leisure facilities with a further £80 million being spent to improve current assets. The programme of this expansion constitutes one of the largest capital investment projects in British higher education. Works of public art on campus range from Eric Gill 's controversial 1923 World War I memorial Christ driving
295-494: A university had for the cities of Liverpool and Manchester whilst the institutions were also unhappy with the practical difficulties posed by maintaining a federal arrangement across broad distances. The interests of the universities and respective cities in creating independent institutions was further spurred by the granting of a charter to the University of Birmingham in 1900 after lobbying from Joseph Chamberlain . Following
354-478: Is Grant Shapps , who served in the position for the final six days of the premiership of Liz Truss . In 2007, Jacqui Smith became the first female home secretary. The incumbent home secretary is Yvette Cooper . The office holder works alongside the other Home Office ministers and the permanent under-secretary of state of the Home Office . The corresponding shadow minister is the shadow home secretary , and
413-582: Is a public research university in Leeds , West Yorkshire , England. It was established in 1874 as the Yorkshire College of Science. In 1884, it merged with the Leeds School of Medicine (established 1831) and was renamed Yorkshire College. It became part of the federal Victoria University in 1887, joining Owens College (which became the University of Manchester ) and University College Liverpool (which became
472-427: Is approximately 1 mile south of the main campus. There are numerous bus routes which serve it. The proposed Leeds Supertram would have run past the campus. The currently proposed Leeds Trolleybus (northern line) will run past the campus, linking it with the city centre, Headingley and Lawnswood . The Leeds Inner Ring Road also lies close to the campus. The University of Leeds Conference Auditorium, located next to
531-656: Is housed in the renovated 19th-century buildings (known as the Maurice Keyworth Building), which used to belong to Leeds Grammar School on the Western side of the University of Leeds campus. The university have also constructed further modern buildings on the business school area of campus known as the Innovation Hub; costing £9.3 million. The building is a three-storey building of 4350 m (gross capacity), with
590-423: Is located 1 mile (1.6 km) north of Leeds city centre and consists of a mixture of Gothic revival , art deco , brutalist and postmodern buildings, making it one of the most diverse university campuses in the country in terms of building styles and history. It is within walking distance of both the city centre and popular student neighbourhoods Hyde Park , Woodhouse , and Headingley . The main entrance to
649-531: Is one of the largest medical schools in Europe, with over 250 medical students being trained in each of the clinical years and over 1,000 teaching, research, technical and administrative staff. The school has centres of excellence split down into Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics (LIGHT), Leeds Institute of Health Sciences (LIHS), Leeds Institute of Medical Education (LIME) and The Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine (LIMM). In 2010–11 university guides,
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#1732855733727708-552: Is provided via external Cloud Computing and High Performance Computing facilities. In 2023, a total of 31 centrally managed IT study spaces were available for use. The IT Services Research Computing Team support University research communities with platforms and their use, consulting and training . There is a dedicated user facing documentation site with details of the University High Performance Computing facilities and how to use them. Many of
767-472: Is still a Clothworkers' Court on campus. The College of Science, modelled on Owens College, Manchester, was established in 1851 as non-sectarian, and was open to Protestant Dissenters , Catholics and Jews (though not then to women) since Oxford and Cambridge restricted attendance to members only of the Church of England . University College London was non-sectarian. The religious qualification ceased in
826-600: The Bretton campus. Activities at Bretton were moved to the main university campus in the summer of 2007 (allowing all Bretton-based students to complete their studies there). There was substantial opposition to the closure by the Bretton students. The university's other satellite site, Manygates in Wakefield , also closed, but Lifelong Learning and Healthcare programmes are continuing on a new site next to Wakefield College . In May 2006,
885-707: The Leeds University Union hosted a live edition of the Channel 4 News , with students, academics and economists expressing their reaction to the Browne Review , an independent review of Higher Education funding and student finance conducted by John Browne, Baron Browne of Madingley . University of Leeds Vice-Chancellor and Russell Group chairman Michael Arthur participated, giving an academic perspective alongside current vice-chancellor of Kingston University and former Pro Vice-Chancellor and Professor of Education at
944-577: The UCAS clearing process for 2010 admission, which matches undersubscribed courses to students who did not meet their firm or insurance choices. The university was one of nine Russell Group universities offering extremely limited places to "exceptional" students after the universities in Birmingham , Bristol , Cambridge , Edinburgh and Oxford declared they would not enter the process due to courses being full to capacity. On 12 October 2010, The Refectory of
1003-468: The University of Liverpool ). In 1904, a royal charter was granted to the University of Leeds by King Edward VII . Leeds is the eleventh-largest university in the United Kingdom by total enrollment and receives over 67,000 undergraduate applications per year, making it the fifth-most popular university (behind Manchester , Edinburgh , University College London and King's College London ) in
1062-514: The Victoria University of Manchester (though "Victoria" was usually omitted from its name except in formal usage) until September 2004. On 1 October 2004 a merger with the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology was enacted to form The University of Manchester . In December 2004, financial pressures forced the university's governing body (the Council) to decide to close
1121-496: The 1850s but the classics-based education continued at Oxford and Cambridge. The Northern colleges continued to promote themselves as offering a general education that was progressive and pragmatic in nature as were the technical colleges of Germany and the ancient universities upon which they were modelled. The Yorkshire College of Science began by teaching experimental physics, mathematics, geology, mining, chemistry and biology, and soon became well known as an international centre for
1180-530: The Brotherton Collection. It also contains a considerable number of medieval manuscripts. The extensive coin collection consists of 15,000 coins and medals with a wide chronological and geographical spread. The Feminist Archive North Collections are on deposit. These contain a material relating to women from 1969 to the present day. The Stanley and Audrey Burton Gallery, the Treasures Gallery and
1239-580: The Conservative Party Sayeeda Warsi , Piers Sellers ( NASA astronaut ) and six Nobel laureates. The university's history is linked to the development of Leeds as an international centre for the textile industry and clothing manufacture in the United Kingdom during the Victorian era . The university's roots can be traced back to the formation of schools of medicine in English cities to serve
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#17328557337271298-833: The English Literature Collections, the Leeds Russian Archive, the Liddle Collection , the Cookery Collection and its Gypsy, Traveller and Roma Collections . The repository contains William Shakespeare 's First Folio Mr. William Shakespeare's Comedies, Histories. & Tragedies published in 1623. Special Collections also holds copies of the second, third and fourth folios. There is a copy of Sir Isaac Newton 's Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica , first published 5 July 1687. Special Collections holds over 300 incunabula most of which are in
1357-755: The Home Department , more commonly known as the home secretary , is a senior minister of the Crown in the Government of the United Kingdom and the head of the Home Office . The position is a Great Office of State , making the home secretary one of the most senior and influential ministers in the government. The incumbent is a statutory member of the British Cabinet and National Security Council . The position, which may be known as interior minister in other nations,
1416-482: The International Textile Collection are managed by Special Collections. IT Services support the University with a range of services targeted for use by different University communities. University Faculties, Schools and Institutes also provide computing facilities. Collectively these provide computational capability that can be used by staff, students and visitors. Additional computational capability
1475-1128: The Leeds School of Medicine was ranked as the 11th best medical school in the country by The Guardian and 14th by The Complete University Guide in association with The Independent . The medical school has close links with the NHS and works closely with Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust , comprising six hospitals and numerous primary care training practices in Yorkshire and the Humber . Home Secretary King Charles III [REDACTED] William, Prince of Wales [REDACTED] Charles III ( King-in-Council ) [REDACTED] Starmer ministry ( L ) Keir Starmer ( L ) Angela Rayner ( L ) ( King-in-Parliament ) [REDACTED] Charles III [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] The Lord Reed The Lord Hodge Andrew Bailey Monetary Policy Committee The secretary of state for
1534-556: The Leeds campus of the Victoria University had never barred women from its courses. However, it was not until special facilities were provided at the Day Training College in 1896 that women began enrolling in significant numbers. The first female student to begin a course at the university was Lilias Annie Clark, who studied Modern Literature and Education. In 1904 Leeds University wanted to encourage more women students. It decided to pat
1593-492: The Leeds student magazine The Gryphon remarked that 'old students will note with pleasure that Dr. A. H. Smith is now President of the Viking Club’, indicating that the student society that Tolkien and Gordon had established had in some sense survived Gordon's departure and was in the hands of Albert Hugh Smith (1903–67), a Leeds graduate who in 1930 had taken up a lectureship at University College London. Under Smith's auspices,
1652-698: The Moneychangers from the Temple in the foyer of the Rupert Beckett Building to Simon Fujiwara 's 2015 9 metres (30 ft) A Spire outside the Laidlaw Library and Liliane Lijn 's 2019 Converse Column at the south east entrance to the campus. The university has a Public Art Strategy developed with the Contemporary Art Society . Gair Wood is located about 5 miles (8.0 km) north of
1711-719: The School of Mineral Engineering, the Brotherton Library and the Parkinson Building which are Grade II listed. In addition to the main campus, there was also a satellite location at Wakefield . Until the 2006–07 academic year, some courses were taught at the Bretton Hall campus in West Bretton . The site closed in summer 2007 after which the courses taught there were relocated to the main campus in Leeds. Leeds railway station
1770-539: The Sports Hall, was once the original West Yorkshire Playhouse . It was refurbished in 2003 to become two lecture theatres; one for 320 and one for 550, making it the largest capacity facility on the university campus. The university's Muslim Prayer Room is located in the Conference Auditorium building and able to accommodate up to 300 people at any one time. The prayer room has undergone refurbishment after half
1829-587: The UK by volume of applications. Leeds had an income of £979.5 million in 2022–23, of which £184.9 million was from research grants and contracts. The university has financial endowments of £83.2 million (2023), placing it within the top twenty British universities by financial endowment. Notable alumni include current Prime Minister of the United Kingdom Keir Starmer , former Home and Foreign Secretary Jack Straw , former co-chairman of
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1888-630: The University of Leeds, Sir Peter Scott . Midway through the broadcast a small group of protesters against the potential rise of student debt entered the building before being restrained and evacuated. In 2016, The University of Leeds became University of the Year 2017 in The Times and The Sunday Times ' Good University Guide. The university has risen to 13th place overall, which reflects impressive results in student experience, high entry standards, services and facilities, and graduate prospects. In 2022,
1947-415: The University of London. Leeds was given its first university in 1887 when the Yorkshire College joined the federal Victoria University on 3 November. The Victoria University had been established by royal charter in 1880; Owens College being at first the only member college. Leeds now found itself in an educational union with close social cousins from Manchester and Liverpool . Unlike Owens College,
2006-567: The academic departments have specialist research facilities, for use by staff and students to support research from internationally significant collections in university libraries to state-of-the-art laboratories. These include those hosted at the Institute for Transport Studies , such as the University of Leeds Driving Simulator which is one of the most advanced worldwide in a research environment, allowing transport researchers to watch driver behaviour in accurately controlled laboratory conditions without
2065-440: The build was £22,000 and was raised partially by public appeal and served as the university library until the opening of the Brotherton Library. The Great Hall is now primarily used for examinations, meetings and graduation ceremonies. In June 2010, post-war buildings at the University of Leeds were recommended by English Heritage to become Grade II listed buildings. The modernist and brutalist buildings being recognised include
2124-447: The campus for visitors by car is on Woodhouse Lane ( A660 ), near the Parkinson Building. The former Woodhouse Cemetery is within the campus, now a landscaped area known as St George's Fields. The Parkinson Building is a grade II listed art deco building and campanile named after the late Frank Parkinson , a major benefactor of the university who oversaw many new build projects from 1936 onwards. These commitments culminating in
2183-443: The department. Philology, indeed, appears to have lost for these students its connotations of terror if not of mystery. An active discussion-class has been conducted, on lines more familiar in schools of literature than of language, which has borne fruit in friendly rivalry and open debate with the corresponding literary assembly. A Viking Club has even been formed, by past and present students of Old Icelandic, which promises to carry on
2242-519: The general public. The Victoria University was established in Manchester in 1880 as a federal university in the North of England , instead of the government elevating Owens College to a university and grant it a royal charter . Owens College was the sole college of Victoria University from 1880 to 1884; in 1887 Yorkshire College was the third to join the university. In 1831, the Leeds School of Medicine
2301-400: The global world ranking of the University of Leeds is 86. There are currently 36,840 students studying at the university. The average tuition fee is £9,250 (~$ 12,000–12,500) per year, although there are cases where there are partial subsidies towards this cost. The university has 1,230 acres (498 ha) of land in total, with the main campus taking up 98 acres (40 ha). The main campus
2360-518: The home secretary's remit includes: Formerly, the home secretary was the minister responsible for prisons and probation in England and Wales; however in 2007 those responsibilities were transferred to the Ministry of Justice under the lord chancellor . The title Secretary of State in the government of England dates back to the early 17th century. The position of Secretary of State for the Home Department
2419-802: The institute of molecular medicine based at St James's University Hospital which aids integration of research and practice in the medical field. The university also operate research facilities in the aviation field, with the Airbus A320 flight simulator . The simulator was devised with an aim to promote the safety and efficiency of flight operations; where students use the simulator to develop their reactions to critical situations such as engine failure, display malfunctioning and freak weather. In addition to these facilities, many university departments conduct research in their respective fields. There are also various research centres, including Leeds University Centre for African Studies . The Leeds School of Medicine
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2478-738: The largest research libraries in the UK. The main arts and humanities library is the Brotherton Library , located in the Parkinson Building. The main science, social sciences and engineering library is the Edward Boyle Library, located in the centre of the campus. Medicine, dentistry and healthcare students are served by the Health Sciences Library, located in the Worsley Building, and there is an extension of this library at St James's University Hospital . The Laidlaw Library on
2537-583: The latter now has the power to award its own degrees. The College of the Resurrection , an Anglican theological college in Mirfield with monastic roots , has, since its inception in 1904, been affiliated to the university, and ties remain close. The university is also a founding member of the Northern Consortium . In August 2010, the university was one of the most targeted institutions by students entering
2596-462: The local community with over 2,000 university student volunteers. With 8,700 staff employed in 2019–20, the university is the third largest employer in Leeds and contributes around £1.23bn a year to the local economy – students add a further £211m through rents and living costs. The university's educational partnerships have included providing formal accreditation of degree awards to Leeds College of Art and Leeds Trinity University College , although
2655-531: The main campus, close to Eccup. It is a 36 hectare site with over 60,000 "regionally appropriate" trees, including oak, hazel, and willow, providing a base for research, teaching, social opportunities and carbon capture. The first tree was planted by Roger Gair, a former University Secretary, in 2022. During the 2022/23 academic year, 36,330 students were enrolled. There were around 560 different first-degree programmes and approximately 300 postgraduate degree programmes in 2009–10. Whilst maintaining its strengths in
2714-522: The main campus, serving the needs of undergraduates, opened in May 2015. It is named after Lord Laidlaw who gave £9,000,000 towards its construction. The university library houses numerous archives, rare books and some objects in its Special Collections ranging from 2,500 BC to the 21st century. Special Collections holds five collections designated as outstanding by the Arts Council England . These are
2773-542: The newly Grade II* listed Roger Stevens Building, whilst the EC Stoner Building, Computer Science Building, Mathematics/Earth Sciences Building, Senior Common Room, Garstang Building, Irene Manton Building, Communications and Edward Boyle Library (formerly the South Library) and Henry Price Building have been recognised as Grade II listed buildings. These additions join the already listed 1877 Great Hall and Baines Wing,
2832-434: The official opening of The Parkinson Building (to which Parkinson donated £200,000) on 9 November 1951. The tower of the building is a well-known landmark in the city of Leeds and is used in the university logo and as a university symbol. The campanile is the highest point of the building and stands at 57 metres (187 ft) tall, making it the 17th tallest building in the city of Leeds. The Leeds University Business School
2891-624: The performance of the home secretary is also scrutinized by the Home Affairs Select Committee in the House of Commons and the Justice and Home Affairs Committee in the House of Lords. Historically, the role has a reputation for being a graveyard for aspiring politicians, owing to the large number of potential issues and controversies that can arise. Corresponding to what is generally known as an interior minister in many other countries,
2950-475: The risks associated with a live, physical environment. With extensive links to the St James's University Hospital through the Leeds School of Medicine, the university operates a range of high-tech research laboratories for biomedical and physical sciences, food and engineering – including clean rooms for bionanotechnology and plant science greenhouses. The university is connected to Leeds General Infirmary and
3009-623: The same kind of activity independently of the staff. Christina Scull and Wayne G. Hammond judged that the Club was founded "probably in 1922", while Alaric Hall has situated its foundation in the academic year 1924–25. At meetings of the club students and faculty would gather to read Old Icelandic sagas and drink together in an informal setting. Members of the club also invented original songs and poems in Old English , Gothic , Old Norse and other Germanic languages . Following Gordon's departure from Leeds to Manchester University in 1931,
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#17328557337273068-568: The study of engineering and textile technology (due to the manufacturing and textile trades being strong in the West Riding ). When classics, modern literature and history went on offer a few years later, the Yorkshire College of Science became simply the Yorkshire College. In 1884, the Yorkshire College absorbed the Leeds School of Medicine and subsequently joined the federal Victoria University (established at Manchester in 1880) on 3 November 1887. Students in this period were awarded external degrees by
3127-438: The third floor accommodating the Innovation Hub. The Roger Stevens building, built in 1970, is one of the most iconic structures on campus, and is primarily utilised for lectures. The university's Great Hall building is one of the most prominent buildings on campus alongside the Parkinson Building and the numerous brutalist buildings which are Grade II listed. The Great Hall was built on a site of Beech Grove Hall Estate which
3186-547: The traditional subjects (for example more students studying languages and physical sciences than anywhere else in the UK), Leeds has also developed expertise in more distinctive and rare specialist areas such as Colour Chemistry, Fire Science, Nanotechnology and Aviation Technology with Pilot studies. The university library is spread over five locations, and holds, in total, 2.78 million books, 26,000 print and electronic journals, 850 databases and 6,000 electronic books: making it one of
3245-568: The university began re-branding itself to consolidate its visual identity to promote one consistent image. A new logo was produced, based on that used during the centenary celebrations in 2004, to replace the combined use of the modified university arms and the Parkinson Building , which has been in use since 2004. The university arms will still be used in its original form for ceremonial purposes only. Four university colours were also specified as being green, red, black and beige. Leeds provides
3304-508: The unprecedented salary of £400 per annum to Hannah Robertson who took on a double role of "Mistress of Method" in the Education department and as the Tutor of Women. The Victoria (Leeds) University was a short-lived concept, as the multiple university locations in Manchester and Liverpool were keen to establish themselves as separate, independent universities. This was partially due to the benefits
3363-480: Was created in 1782, though its responsibilities have changed many times . Past office holders have included the prime ministers Lord North , Robert Peel , the Duke of Wellington , Lord Palmerston , Winston Churchill , James Callaghan and Theresa May . The longest-serving home secretary is Henry Addington, 1st Viscount Sidmouth , who held the post continuously for 9 years, 221 days. The shortest-serving home secretary
3422-450: Was established with the aim of serving the needs of the five medical institutions which had been established in the city. In 1874, the Yorkshire College of Science was created to provide education for the children of middle-class industrialists and merchants. Financial support from local industry was crucial in setting up the college and aiding the students. The university continues to recognise these elements of its history; for example, there
3481-584: Was purchased in 1879 by the then Yorkshire College when joining the Victoria University . This was later demolished in 1884, to become the site of the Clothworkers buildings of the Baines Memorial Wing and the Great Hall. The buildings were designed by the renowned Victorian architect Alfred Waterhouse R.A in red pressed brick and had dressings of Bolton Wood stone in a Gothic Collegiate style. The cost of
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