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26-460: The Gesellschafts- und Wirtschaftsmuseum was principally financed by the municipality of Vienna, during a period of expansive municipal social democratic governance known as Red Vienna within the new republic of Austria . An essential task of the museum was to inform the Viennese about their city. Neurath stated that the museum was not a treasure chest of rare objects, but a teaching museum. The aim

52-424: A fixed value within a certain chart, can be counted if necessary. Isotype pictograms almost never depicted things in perspective in order to preserve this clarity, and there were other guidelines for graphic configuration and use of colour. The best exposition of Isotype technique remains Otto Neurath’s book International picture language (1936). "Visual education" was always the prime motive behind Isotype, which

78-624: A leader of the first crusade and elected ruler of Jerusalem after its capture in 1099. The national tagline "Fighting for Air" was introduced in 2010 to emphasize the organization's role in reducing particulate pollution in the atmosphere and in public places. While the Cross of Lorraine was colored red since its adoption, it was changed to blue in 2021. The American Lung Association is a public health organization funded by contributions from individual donors, corporations, foundations and government agency grants. One of its best-known fundraising campaigns

104-608: A program designed to increase awareness of the importance of lung health, at Woodward Elementary School in Delaware, Ohio. A modified version of the Cross of Lorraine serves as the Lung Association's logo. The Paris, France, physician Gilbert Sersiron suggested its use in 1902 as a symbol for the "crusade" against tuberculosis. The double barred cross was originally used in the coat of arms of Godfrey of Bouillon , Duke of Lower Lorraine,

130-626: A public health committee be formed by The National Association for the Study and Prevention of Tuberculosis and be officially sanctioned by the United States House of Representatives . In addition, they adopted the double red cross emblem formally as the symbol for the association and its fight against tuberculosis . The National Association for the Study and Prevention of Tuberculosis executive offices were located at 105 East 22nd Street, New York, New York. Henry Martyn Hall of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ,

156-559: Is its Christmas Seals program, which has been an annual fundraising and public awareness tool for tuberculosis and lung disease since 1907. The Lake Tour Bike Trek is an annual bicycle ride held at Illinois in early June with all donations going towards the American Lung Association of Illinois. The Trek Across Maine , a similar bicycle ride in Maine, has raised more than $ 24 million since 1985. The National Association for

182-475: Is to save lives by improving lung health and preventing lung disease through education, advocacy and research. The organization was founded in 1904 to fight tuberculosis (TB) as the National Association for the Study and Prevention of Tuberculosis (NASPT) by Edward Livingston Trudeau , Robert Hall Babcock, Henry Martyn Hall, Lawrence Flick , and S. Adolphus Knopf . Earlier in 1892, Flick had founded

208-849: The Netherlands , where they set up the International Foundation for Visual Education in The Hague. During the 1930s significant commissions were received from the US, including a series of mass-produced charts for the National Tuberculosis Association and Otto Neurath’s book Modern man in the making (1939), a high point of Isotype on which he, Reidemeister and Arntz worked in close collaboration. Rudolf Modley , who served as an assistant to Otto Neurath in Vienna, introduced ISOTYPE methods to

234-460: The Vienna Method . This evolved out of Neurath's desire to produce informational material which was understandable regardless of the language skills of the onlooker. 48°11′02″N 16°21′25″E  /  48.1839°N 16.3569°E  / 48.1839; 16.3569 National Tuberculosis Association The American Lung Association is a voluntary health organization whose mission

260-526: The 'All-union institute of pictorial statistics of Soviet construction and economy' (Всесоюзный институт изобразительной статистики советского строительства и хозяйства), commonly abbreviated to IZOSTAT (ИЗОСТАТ), which produced statistical graphics about the Five Year Plans , among other things. After the closure of the Gesellschafts- und Wirtschaftsmuseum in 1934 Neurath, Reidemeister and Arntz fled to

286-570: The Art and Design team there. Arntz was originally unsure about whether to take up the job offer, but thanks to the encouragement of Franz Seiwert he accepted and was soon joined by Peter Alma and Augustin Tschinkel , both also associated with the Cologne Progressives , the art group Seiwert and Arntz had set up. The GeWiMu was the home of one of the most significant developments in graphic design:

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312-569: The Isotype Institute in 1942. In Britain Isotype was applied to wartime publications sponsored by the Ministry of Information and to documentary films produced by Paul Rotha . After Otto Neurath’s death in 1945, Marie Neurath and her collaborators continued to apply Isotype to tasks of representing many kinds of complex information, especially in popular science books for young readers. A real test of

338-651: The Museum für Siedlung und Städtebau (Museum for Settlement and Town Planning). This had been set up following Neurath's involvement in the Austrian Association for Settlements and Small Gardens . The museum developed a collaborative relationship with the Otto Glöckel . In 1927, Willem Sandberg visited Vienna, where he studied the Isotype system at the museum. In 1928 Neurath recruited Gerd Arntz from Düsseldorf to lead

364-553: The Pennsylvania Society for the Prevention of Tuberculosis, the world's first society dedicated to the preventing TB. In 1907, the Lung Association began their Christmas Seal campaign to raise money for a small TB sanatorium in Delaware. Emily Bissell , a Red Cross volunteer at the time, created holiday seals to sell at the post office for a penny a piece. By the end of her fundraising campaign, she had raised more than ten times

390-671: The Study and Prevention of Tuberculosis held their ninth annual meeting in Washington, D.C., May 8 and 9, 1913. In attendance were Association President Homer Folks, Honorary Vice President Theodore Roosevelt , Vice Presidents Robert Hall Babcock, Sir William Osler and Edward R. Baldwin , Treasurer William H. Baldwin, Secretary Henry Barton Jacobs . Notable life members included Andrew Carnegie , Henry C. Frick , Mrs. H. Knickerbocker, Louis Marshall , Francis E. May, Cyrus H. McCormick , Henry Phipps , John D. Rockefeller , Rodman Wanamaker , Felix M. Warburg . The association members recommended

416-725: The United States through his position as chief curator at the Museum of Science and Industry in Chicago. Furthermore, by 1934 Modley established Pictorial Statistics Incorporated in New York, a company which promoted the production and distribution of ISOTYPE-like pictographs for education, news, and other forms of communications. Beginning in 1936, Modley's pictographs were used in a nationwide public health campaign for US Surgeon General Thomas Parran's "War on Syphilis." Otto and Marie Neurath fled from German invasion to England , where they established

442-622: The Vienna Method/Isotype was the work of a team. Neurath built up a kind of prototype for an interdisciplinary graphic design agency. In 1926 he encountered woodcut prints by the German artist Gerd Arntz and invited him to collaborate with the museum. There was a further meeting in 1928 when Neurath attended the Pressa international exhibition. Arntz moved to Vienna in 1929 and took up a full-time position there. His simplified graphic style benefited

468-517: The Vienna museum from abroad, a partner institute called Mundaneum (a name adopted from an abortive collaboration with Paul Otlet ) was established in 1931/2 to promote international work. It formed branches containing small exhibitions in Berlin , The Hague , London and New York City . Members of the Vienna team travelled periodically to the Soviet Union during the early 1930s in order to help set up

494-635: The amount needed to save the sanatorium, and the tradition of Christmas Seals was launched. The NASPT was renamed the National Tuberculosis Association (NTA) in 1918, and then the National Tuberculosis and Respiratory Disease Association (NTRDA) in 1968; it adopted its current name in 1973. The association is a defender of the Clean Air Act . In October 2018, the association launched its school-based initiative, "Yoga Power",

520-516: The city’s housing shortage. The Gesellschafts-und Wirtschaftmuseum (also known as the Museum of Society and Business) was established in 1924. The original Gesellschafts- und Wirtschaftsmuseum (GeWiMu) existed from January 1925 until it was suppressed by the Austrofascists in February 1934. It was the base for the development of the Vienna Method . It was founded by Otto Neurath and evolved out of

546-461: The design of repeatable pictograms that were integral to Isotype. The influence of these pictograms on today's information graphics is immediately apparent, although perhaps not yet fully recognized. A central task in Isotype was the "transformation" of complex source information into a sketch for a self-explanatory chart. The principal "transformer" from the beginning was Marie Reidemeister (who became Marie Neurath in 1941). A defining project of

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572-544: The first phase of Isotype (then still known as the Vienna Method) was the monumental collection of 100 statistical charts, Gesellschaft und Wirtschaft (1930). The first rule of Isotype is that greater quantities are not represented by an enlarged pictogram but by a greater number of the same-sized pictogram. In Neurath’s view, variation in size does not allow accurate comparison (what is to be compared – height/length or area?) whereas repeated pictograms, which always represent

598-471: The institute were transferred to the university in 1981. Gesellschafts- und Wirtschaftsmuseum Gesellschafts- und Wirtschaftsmuseum (Museum for Social and Economic Affairs) is a museum located in Margareten , Vienna . Following World War I , Vienna experienced extreme devastation and deprivation which radicalized architects and designers. This inspired them to engage in class politics and confront

624-667: The international ambitions of Isotype, as Marie Neurath saw it, was the project to design information for civic education, election procedure and economic development in the Western Region of Nigeria in the 1950s. In 1971 the Isotype Institute gave its working material to the University of Reading , where it is housed in the Department of Typography & Graphic Communication as the Otto and Marie Neurath Isotype Collection. The responsibilities of

650-643: Was to "represent social facts pictorially" and to bring "dead statistics" to life by making them visually attractive and memorable. One of the museum's catch-phrases was: "To remember simplified pictures is better than to forget accurate figures". The principal instruments of the Vienna Method were pictorial charts, which could be produced in multiple copies and serve both permanent and travelling exhibitions. The museum also innovated with interactive models and other attention-grabbing devices, and there were even some early experiments with animated films. From its beginning

676-407: Was worked out in exhibitions and books designed to inform ordinary citizens (including schoolchildren) about their place in the world. It was never intended to replace verbal language; it was a "helping language" always accompanied by verbal elements. Otto Neurath realized that it could never be a fully developed language , so instead he called it a “language-like technique”. As more requests came to

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