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56-443: Veuve Clicquot Ponsardin ( French pronunciation: [vœv kliko pɔ̃saʁdɛ̃] ) is a Champagne house founded in 1772 and based in Reims . It is one of the largest Champagne houses. Madame Clicquot is credited with major breakthroughs, creating the first known vintage champagne in 1810, and inventing the riddling table process to clarify champagne in 1816. In 1818, she invented

112-411: A dowry , or have had to pay a bride price , or both were exchanged. The dowry not only supported the establishment of a household but also served as a condition that if the husband committed grave offences upon his wife, he had to return the dowry to the wife or her family. At the time of the marriage, they were made inalienable by the husband. He might leave his wife (or wives), then widow (or widows),

168-586: A "société anonyme" or joint stock corporation. Bertrand de Vogüé was made chairman, a post to which his son Alain succeeded in 1972. In 1987, the Louis Vuitton Moët Hennessy group acquired Veuve Clicquot, where it remains today, headed up by Jean-Marc Gallot. In 1987, an expedition, licensed by the Michigan Department of State and the Michigan Department of Natural Resources and headed by underwater archaeologist E. Lee Spence , recovered

224-498: A book full of orders from the largest merchants and most important individual buyers. In the summer of 1804, the Clicquot champagne business first began to grow. In October 1805, seven years after their wedding, Francois fell suddenly ill with a fever similar to typhoid. He died some days later, at the age of 30. Both Barbe-Nicole and Philippe were devastated by François' death, and Philippe Clicquot announced his intention of liquidating

280-474: A company and guide it, through hazardous times. She brought her wine business back from the brink of destruction turning it into one of the most successful champagne houses. She also spread champagne across the globe. When she died, sales had reached 750,000 bottles a year. Veuve Clicquot was exporting champagne from France to all Europe, the United States , Asia and elsewhere. Veuve Clicquot had become both

336-410: A dower (often a third or a half of his estate) to support her as dowager . As an external symbol of the fact that they are married, each spouse commonly wears a wedding ring on the ring finger; whether this is on the left or right hand depends on the country's tradition. Husband further refers to the institutionalized form in relation to the spouse and offspring, unlike father , a term that puts

392-611: A husband and wife. The Encyclopædia Britannica mentions that "In Hindu law, the male members of a joint family, together with their wives, widows, and children, are entitled to support out of the joint property." China's family laws were changed by the Communist Revolution; and in 1950, the People's Republic of China enacted a comprehensive marriage law including provisions giving the spouses equal rights with regard to ownership and management of marital property. In Japan, before

448-427: A husband in a heterosexual marriage had more opportunities in society than his wife, who was not recognized as legally independent. In contemporary secularized Western culture, the rights of spouses have been made equal. Civil marriage generally forces the wealthier spouse, the " breadwinner ", to provide alimony to the former spouse, even after separation and also after a divorce (see also Law and divorce around

504-426: A husband is not automatically designated as the sole breadwinner , especially when his spouse pursues a more financially rewarding career. This change reflects a global trend in the changing dynamics of gender roles and family structures. Moreover, the term "husband" continues to be applicable as long as a man remains married. However, it ceases to apply upon the legal dissolution of the marriage through divorce or

560-470: A husband was obliged to protect and support not only his wife and children but servants and animals of his domain. The father (as the " patron ") was awarded much authority , differing from that of his wife (in these cultures, no polygamy existed). In the Middle Ages and Early Modern European history, it was unusual to marry out of love, but then doing so became an influential ideal. During this period,

616-500: A long trip in Europe . Passing through Basel , he met Louis Bohne . Louis Bohne remained a faithful employee of the company all his life and became a valuable adviser to Madame Clicquot, even though he was usually stationed far away. In 1801, Philippe Clicquot retired and left control to his son François. After various trips through Europe, Louis Bohne came back to Reims in March 1803 with

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672-412: A man into the context of his children. Also compare the similar husbandry , which in the 14th century referred to the care of the household, but today means the "control or judicious use of resources", conservation, and in agriculture, the cultivation of plants and animals, and the science about its profession . In premodern heterosexual unions ( ancient Roman , medieval , and early modern history),

728-402: A minor player to a brand name that was known to all. During the years that followed, Russia continued to buy Veuve Clicquot wines. Sales rocketed: from 43,000 bottles in 1816, they climbed to 280,000 in 1821 and increased until the 1870s. Within two years, the widow Clicquot had become famous and was at the helm of an internationally renowned commercial business. Under Madame Clicquot's guidance,

784-497: A move to be impossible. The boat left Le Havre on 6 June 1814. Meanwhile, Russia had lifted the ban on importing French products. The whole shipment was quickly sold. A few weeks later, another ship left Rouen laden with 12,780 bottles of champagne destined for St. Petersburg, which were sold out as soon as they arrived. When the champagne reached St.Petersburg, Grand Duke Michael Pavlovich of Russia , Tsar Alexander I's brother, declared that Veuve Clicquot-Ponsardin champagne would be

840-551: A number of cases of Veuve Clicquot (Yellow Label, Dry) Champagne from the 9 November 1913 shipwreck of the Canadian steamer Regina in Lake Huron , off Port Sanilac , Michigan. Spence afterwards described the still sparkling Champagne as "quite dark in color but as having an excellent taste." The shipwreck site is located in approximately 83 feet of water at latitude 43°20.24′ North, longitude 82°26.76′ West. The water temperatures at

896-692: A royalist, he switched political positions to turn against the monarchy . Thanks to this move, Barbe-Nicole's family escaped the Revolution unscathed. When Barbe-Nicole married François Clicquot, she was 21 years old. When her husband died in October 1805, she was 27 and mother of their six-year-old daughter and only child, Clémentine. In the early 19th century, the Napoleonic Code denied women civil and political rights, prohibiting them from working, voting, earning money, or entering schools and universities without

952-509: A substantial Champagne house and a respected brand . Easily recognised by its distinctive bright yellow labels, the wine held a royal warrant from Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom. Because she built her champagne empire on audacious decisions, Madame Clicquot was called by her peers "la grande dame de la Champagne". Newspapers all over the world paid tribute to the old lady. By the terms of an agreement made earlier, Edouard Werlé

1008-520: A valid reason and have to get permission from his existing wife (without any force) if he requires to marry again. Islam vehemently abhors any intimate relationship outside the bond of marriage. There is no external sign to show his status as a husband unless he adopts the tradition of wearing a wedding ring. A Hindu husband traditionally takes his wife to his home. He is expected to provide for her and to prove his abilities to do so. The marriage in Hinduism

1064-414: A valid wedding, the marrying parties acquire the status of married persons and, while the marriage persists, a man is called a husband. In heterosexual marriages the woman is called a wife ; in same-sex marriages between males, each male is called a husband. Although ' husband' is a close term to ' groom ', the latter is a male participant in a wedding ceremony, while the husband is a married man after

1120-468: A year to 6-7,000 bottles in a good year. However, he kept the primary business focus on textiles . Philippe Clicquot ran a successful textile business, as did Nicolas Ponsardin. In an attempt to consolidate the power of their two businesses, Mr. Ponsardin and Mr. Clicquot arranged a wedding between their children, which was common at the time. François Clicquot and Barbe-Nicole Ponsardin were married on 10 June 1798. After his marriage, François Clicquot

1176-450: Is a relationship for Seven births ( सात जन्मों का सम्बन्ध ). Before 1951 there was no divorce allowed in Hindu marriage. In modern times once again after 1951, equal rights for women through society and law jurisdiction are given. In Hinduism, based on the different regions, the marriage process is observed differently with the same Saat Pheras around agni kund (light pyre) to be taken to become

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1232-406: Is an accepted version of this page A husband is a man involved in a marital relationship , commonly referred to as a spouse . The specific rights, responsibilities, and societal status attributed to a husband can vary significantly across different cultures and historical periods, reflecting a global perspective on this role. In many parts of the world, heterosexual monogamous marriage

1288-447: Is believed the arsenic and copper originated from antiquated pesticide ( Bordeaux mixture ) applied to the grapes . The iron probably came from nails used in the wine barrels, and the lead leached from brass valve fittings of the winemaking equipment. Modern champagne producers begin with wine from stainless steel barrels, yielding lower iron and lead levels. On 17 November 2010, the local government of Åland announced that most of

1344-411: Is the only major religion that puts a cap on polygamy , limiting the number of a man's wives to four—provided the husband can do justice to all of them. Although some religions, such as Catholicism for instance, put a cap on polygamy altogether, or even serial monogamy, allowing one spouse until death does them apart, not even accepting divorce. According to the teachings of Islam, a Muslim man should have

1400-425: Is the prevailing norm, where a husband and wife form the basic unit of a family. Legal systems in numerous countries enforce monogamy and prohibit bigamy and polygamy . Traditionally, husbands often held the position of being the head of the household and the primary provider, a role that was often considered paternalistic . However, the evolving dynamics of modern society have led to a shift in these roles. Today,

1456-516: The French monarchy restored, Madame Clicquot and Louis Bohne put the plan they had been preparing for five years into execution. In 1814, as the blockades fell away, the company chartered a Dutch cargo ship, the "Zes Gebroeders", en route to Königsberg , to deliver 10,550 bottles of Veuve Clicquot champagne to the Russian market, taking advantage of the general chaos, while their competitors still believed such

1512-529: The beginning of the 20th century the house commissioned artist André Navlet to design reliefs on the cellar walls. Champagne house Too Many Requests If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below. Request from 172.68.168.226 via cp1108 cp1108, Varnish XID 748516053 Upstream caches: cp1108 int Error: 429, Too Many Requests at Fri, 29 Nov 2024 05:45:29 GMT Husband This

1568-544: The bottles were to be auctioned off. A bottle of nearly 200-year-old Veuve Clicquot broke the record for the most expensive champagne ever sold. In 2011, a bidder paid €30,000 for one of them found in the Baltic Sea. As a result, in 2014, the house submerged 300 bottles and 50 magnums of its champagne at the exact location of the wreck to study whether it matures differently than on land. It will be resurfaced in 40 years and compared with another set of champagne aged underground at

1624-414: The buildings had been heavily damaged. Gradually everything was rebuilt. In 1932, Bertrand de Mun was joined by his son-in-law Bertrand de Vogüé. Long before the law required it, they offered benefits to their employees: holidays, pensions, healthcare, sports fields and recreation areas. As a result, the company never suffered stoppage during the strikes that hit France in 1936. In 1963, the company became

1680-504: The cold and dark conditions at the depth. Chemical analysis showed levels of sugar (150 g/L) much higher than modern champagne (more than most Sauternes), compared to today's champagnes which are generally between 6 and 10g per litre. This high sugar content was characteristic of people's tastes at the time, especially the Russian market known for its preference for sweeter wines. It also had much higher levels of salt , iron , lead , copper , and arsenic compared with modern vintages. It

1736-403: The company, started to make a whole series of trips through Central Europe . From 1841 on, when Edouard Werlé officially became head of the company, annual sales never dropped below 300,000 bottles. In 1850, it sold 400,000 bottles. Edouard and his son Alfred ran the business in the following years developing it further: they acquired new vineyards and in 1877 began utilizing a yellow label for

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1792-513: The company. The young widow ( veuve in French ) decided, however, to take over her husband's business, becoming one of the first businesswomen in France. Barbe-Nicole Ponsardin was born in 1777, in the decade before the French Revolution . Her childhood was influenced by her father, Baron Nicolas Ponsardin, a successful textile maker, who was involved in both business and politics . Formerly

1848-483: The consent of their husband or father . At that time, widows were the only women in French society to be free and to be allowed to run their own business. When Louis Bohne came back to Reims from St.Petersburg , one month after François Clicquot's funeral, 110,000 bottles of champagne had been shipped during the course of 1805, nearly double the preceding year, thanks to his business trips. The Clicquot champagne business

1904-606: The death of the spouse. Following the death of a spouse, the man is referred to as a widower , while after a divorce, he may be identified as the "ex-husband" of his former spouse. These terms and concepts are recognized worldwide, with cultural and legal variations shaping the specifics of husband-wife relationships on a global scale. The term husband refers to Middle English huseband , from Old English hūsbōnda , from Old Norse hūsbōndi ( hūs , 'house' + bōndi , būandi , present participle of būa , 'to dwell', so, etymologically, 'a householder'). After of

1960-465: The enactment of the Meiji Civil Code of 1898, all of the woman's property such as land or money passed to her husband except for personal clothing and a mirror stand. Although there is generally an expectation for a spouse not to have sexual relations with anyone other than his spouse(s), historically, in most cultures, this expectation was not as strong as in the case of wives, a situation which

2016-681: The firm focused entirely on the last, to great success. Champagne also became a vehicle for celebrating events. Veuve Clicquot played an important role in establishing champagne as a preferred drink of high society. Champagne became an essential ingredient for festivities in European courts, and then amongst the bourgeoisie . Champagne then began turning up, in cabarets and restaurants . Sales of Veuve Clicquot champagne in Russia continued to progress. Madame Clicquot decided to establish herself in other markets, such as United Kingdom . Edouard Werlé, who joined

2072-503: The first female president of Veuve Clicquot since the widow herself was running the company. The oldest parts of the Veuve Clicquot cellars (the "crayères") were originally chalk-pits (chalk quarries ). The Veuve Clicquot "crayères" are medieval and lie about 55–65 feet underground. Placed end-to-end, they would extend over more than 12 miles. The chalk walls ensure constant temperature (about 48 °F) and humidity for aging wine. At

2128-539: The first known blended rosé champagne by blending still red and white wines, a process still used by the majority of champagne producers. During the Napoleonic Wars , Madame Clicquot made strides in establishing her wine in royal courts throughout Europe, notably that of Imperial Russia . She played an important role in establishing Champagne as a favored drink of high society and nobility throughout Europe. The house has borne its distinctive gold-yellow label since

2184-527: The household and their wives. As a protector, the husband has various rights and obligations that he is expected to fulfil and thus is offered opportunities different from that of his wife or wives, not only in legal and economic affairs of the family but within the family as well. As in most cases in Islam law and culture, everything is related to the Qur'an . Many Muslims may agree on a perfectly equal relationship. Islam

2240-554: The late 19th century. The company was purchased in 1986 by Louis Vuitton (now part of the LVMH group formed in 1987) and continues to expand worldwide. Philippe Clicquot was a textile merchant, a banker , and an owner of vineyards in the Champagne country. In 1772, he established a wine business. He quickly decided to bring his champagne wines to foreign palates and soon expanded his clientele. His annual shipments varied from 4,000 bottles

2296-409: The mistress in the family home, or cohabiting with her, or having sexual relations under scandalous circumstances). A breach of this expectation of fidelity is commonly referred to as adultery or extramarital sex . Historically, adultery has been considered a serious offence , sometimes a crime. Even if that is not so, it may still have legal consequences, particularly a divorce. Adultery may be

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2352-401: The only kind he would drink. Word of his preference spread throughout the Russian court. 1814 was a turning point in the history of the Veuve Clicquot company. With her "Vin de la comète" ( comet vintages ), Madame Clicquot reinvigorated her business which began to take off again, thanks to the success of the Russian venture that made the name Veuve Clicquot famous overnight. She went from being

2408-627: The same depth. In July 2008, an unopened bottle of Veuve Clicquot was discovered inside a sideboard in Torosay Castle , Isle of Mull , Scotland. The 1893 bottle was in mint condition, having been kept in the dark. It is now on display at the Veuve Clicquot Ponsardin visitor centre in Reims and is regarded as priceless . It is the oldest bottle bearing a yellow label kept in the Veuve Clicquot house collection. In 2001, Cecile Bonnefond became

2464-428: The vast majority of her champagne out of France . Unfortunately, she was facing naval blockades that kept her from sending her wine abroad. Furthermore, Russian Tsar Alexander I issued a decree banning French products, cutting off a previously lucrative market. Facing bankruptcy, Barbe-Nicole took a business gamble: she decided to send her champagne to Russia , when peace returned ahead of her competitors . While

2520-540: The war's naval blockades paralyzed commercial shipping , Madame Clicquot and Louis Bohne secretly planned to sneak a boat through the blockade to Russia. Russians used to love the kind of champagne she was making: a very sweet champagne that contained about double the amount of sugar in today's sweet dessert wines . She knew that European courts would celebrate the defeat of Napoleon as soon as his wars ended. After Napoleon Bonaparte had been sent into exile on Elba , both British and Russians toasted his defeat. With

2576-399: The wedding and for the duration of the marriage. The term husband refers to the institutionalized role of the married male, while the term father refers to the male in the context of his offspring, a state which may or may not indicate that a marriage ceremony has taken place. In some cases of heterosexual marriage, before the marriage, the forthcoming husband or his family may have received

2632-457: The wines, an unusual color for champagne at the time. They registered the label under the trademark "Veuve Clicquot Ponsardin" Yellow Label. While the company was pursuing its expansion, Madame Clicquot died at the Château de Boursault on 29 July 1866, at the age of 89. Madame Clicquot is considered one of the world's first international businesswomen. She was the first to take over management of

2688-496: The world ). The legal status of marriage allows each spouse to speak on the other's behalf when one is incapacitated (e.g., in a coma); a husband is also responsible for his spouse's child(ren) in states where he is automatically assumed to be the biological father . In Christianity, according to the Bible, a husband in a heterosexual marriage has several duties: In Islamic marital jurisprudence , husbands are considered protectors of

2744-489: The wreck site range from 1–⁠18 °C (35–⁠65 °F). In July 2010, a group of Finnish divers found 168 bottles of champagne beneath the Baltic Sea off the coast of Åland . Bottles were sent back to France for analysis. Ninety-nine of them were identified as Juglar, forty-six as Veuve Clicquot, and at least four as Heidsieck . When the wine was tasted in 2015, several of them were still drinkable, well-preserved thanks to

2800-482: Was a ground only under certain circumstances. This double standard continues to be seen today in many parts of the world. For instance, in the Philippines, a wife can be charged with the crime of a dultery (for merely having one act of sexual intercourse with a man other than her husband), while a husband can only be charged with the related crime of c oncubinage , which is more loosely defined (it requires either keeping

2856-519: Was already her official successor appointed by Madame Clicquot herself, and in August 1866, a new company was formed: "Werlé & Cie, successors to Veuve Clicquot-Ponsardin". Bertrand de Mun, who married Edouard Werlé's granddaughter, joined the company in July 1898 and became a partner in 1902. In 1911, under de Mun's direction the house of Veuve Clicquot achieved the sales figure of 2,000,000 bottles. The company

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2912-405: Was capable. Barbe-Nicole Clicquot overcame convention to become the first woman to take over a champagne house and the first female champagne producer. She entered into an apprenticeship with the winemaker Alexandre Fourneaux, and tried to save the wine business and make it grow. On 21 July 1810, Barbe-Nicole Ponsardin launched her own company: "Veuve Clicquot-Ponsardin". Barbe-Nicole exported

2968-495: Was evident in legal codes which prohibited adultery, with male adultery often being criminalized only if "aggravating" circumstances existed, such as if he brought his mistress into the conjugal home, or if there was a public scandal. The double standard was also evident in divorce laws of many countries, such as the UK or Australia, which differentiated between female adultery, which was a ground of adultery by itself, and male adultery, which

3024-464: Was officially made his father's partner, and in July, the company name was changed to "Clicquot-Muiron et Fils". Sales increased from 8,000 bottles a year in 1796 to 60,000 in 1804. Little by little, all other activities unrelated to champagne industry were abandoned. François Clicquot greatly expanded the company, putting it on a successful track. He also established a new practice: employing commercial travellers . In August 1801, François Clicquot began

3080-415: Was promising. Against expectations and considerable opposition, the widow Clicquot wanted to take over her husband's business. She went to her father-in-law with a proposal and convinced him to let her manage the business Philippe agreed to her proposal under one condition: Barbe-Nicole would go through an apprenticeship , after which she would be able to run the business herself, if she could prove that she

3136-432: Was slowed down by the 1914-18 war. During World War I , the Veuve Clicquot cellars sheltered over one thousand company staff and civilians in the war-torn champagne region from bombardments . Cellars housed a hospital and a chapel . Even short plays were put on in these premises. Today Red Cross signs on the damp chalk walls still indicate the infirmary and shelter area. After World War I, reconstruction began. All

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