178-472: Vermont South is a suburb of Melbourne , Australia , 26 km (16 miles) east of its Central Business District . It had a population of 11,954 at the 2021 census . The eastern boundary is Dandenong Creek , which flows from the Dandenong Ranges through to Port Phillip . The suburb was mostly developed in the late 1970s and early 1980s, after developers bought the apple orchards in the area. Before
356-455: A 3,540m nursery and 450 car spaces. The main store has approximately 979 bays (or 3 kms) of merchandise and feautured in a Better Homes and Gardens special . The SEC had proposed to build a terminal station on the site as early as 1974 but it never eventuated. A 2,030m Officeworks with 49 parking spaces was completed next to the Bunnings in 2012. The Shell service station next to Officeworks
534-703: A 98-lot estate at Fortescue Grove and Minerva Crescent. Deva Ideal Homes and Executive Homes had display villages on opposite corners of Fortescue Grove. Winning entries from a 1969 RAIA design competition formed the basis for a display village of twenty houses at Shalimar Court and Parkleigh Court, designated as the Blue Flame Project. Constructed in 1970/71 and co-sponsored by the Gas & Fuel Corporation , it included houses by noted architects such as Ronald Monsbourgh , Albert Ross , Sergei Halafoff, John Reid and John Herniman . A company called Glen Bay Heights acquired
712-500: A Hansom Cab (1886), the fastest-selling crime novel of the era, is set in Melbourne, as is Australia's best-selling book of poetry, The Songs of a Sentimental Bloke (1915) by C. J. Dennis . Contemporary Melbourne authors who have set novels in the city include Peter Carey , Helen Garner and Gerald Murnane . Melbourne has Australia's widest range of bookstores, as well as the nation's largest publishing sector. The city also hosts
890-647: A campaign to revive the economy with an aggressive development campaign of public works coupled with the promotion of the city as a tourist destination with a focus on major events and sports tourism. During this period the Australian Grand Prix moved to Melbourne from Adelaide . Major projects included the construction of a new facility for the Melbourne Museum , Federation Square , the Melbourne Convention & Exhibition Centre , Crown Casino and
1068-496: A contributing factor to the Australian economic depression of the 1890s and the Australian banking crisis of 1893 . The effects of the depression on the city were profound, with virtually no significant construction until the late 1890s. At the time of Australia's federation on 1 January 1901 Melbourne became the seat of government of the federated Commonwealth of Australia . The first federal parliament convened on 9 May 1901 in
1246-643: A dilapidated orchard directly south of the St Thomas More's Boys College (now Emmaus College ) and developed a residential estate in 1972 - which created the north sections of Hawthorn & Mullens Roads and Cascade Drive. The ambitious Vintage Gardens estate was a house-and-land package development by Stocks & Holdings. The estate is identifiable by it's streets which are named after famous Australian wineries such as Great Western Drive, Borossa Avenue and Mildara Street. The first release of 50 lots occurred just before Christmas in 1972 and home buyers were given
1424-650: A display village by the Realty Development Corporation (RDC) until they were sold off in 1974. The Inge Brothers launched their Granada Display Village at the estate in early 1971, showcasing a variety of designs inspired by Spanish architecture. Moore Williams, Tradeline Builders, Fleiner Constructions, and Wilson Homes were among the operators of display homes on Coppabella Way and Tullimbar Circuit. Sites at Kolonga court were developed later and sold as house and land packages c. 1980. Around 1968, developers purchased two orchards at Burwood Highway and created
1602-462: A fictional street and nearby filming location for Neighbours . The development replaced a brick veneer homestead which had been constructed c. 1962 for members of the Fankhauser family, who had operated an orchard on the surrounding land before the original residential subdivision in the late 1960s. Two residences which were originally constructed in 1970/71 by the Realty Development Corporation (RDC) as
1780-426: A housing estate with 27 lots in 1977/78, creating Danielle Court and a continuation of Murchison Avenue. The Corstorphans kept their 1950s homestead on a 2,099 m² block, which remains at 11-13 Murchison Avenue, albeit under different ownership. The Corrs family, who established Corrs Australian Solicitors (merged in 1991 to form Corrs Chambers Westgarth ), sold a large portion of their "Glencor Gardens" landholding to
1958-460: A major renewal of the CBD and St Kilda Road which significantly modernised the city. New fire regulations and redevelopment saw most of the taller pre-war CBD buildings either demolished or partially retained through a policy of facadism . Many of the larger suburban mansions from the boom era were also either demolished or subdivided. To counter the trend towards low-density suburban residential growth,
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#17328513153632136-610: A pastoral estate in Bulleen , now the Heide Museum of Modern Art . The city is also home to the Australian Centre for Contemporary Art , as well as numerous independent galleries and artist-run spaces. In the 2000s, street art proliferated in Melbourne , with Banksy saying its graffiti scene "leads the world", and "laneway galleries" becoming major tourist sites; Hosier Lane for example attracts more Instagram hashtags than some of
2314-700: A prominent example of the latter style in the CBD. The 1926 Nicholas Building is the city's grandest example of the Chicago School style, while the influence of Art Deco is apparent in the Manchester Unity Building , completed in 1932. The city also features the Shrine of Remembrance , which was built as a memorial to the men and women of Victoria who served in World War I and is now a memorial to all Australians who have served in war. Residential architecture
2492-689: A range of events, activities and annual state and regional architecture awards, that feed into the national awards program. The National Architecture Awards are held in late October or early November each year and have been presented since 1981. The shortlisted entrants are drawn from relevant state based awards programs held earlier in the year (usually in June or July). The awards cover residential, public, education, commercial, interiors, small projects, urban design, international projects, steel construction and sustainability. National Prizes have been awarded annually since 2010, usually in early May and often as part of
2670-456: A rapid clearing trend to sunny and relatively calm weather and the temperature rising back to what it was before the shower. This can occur in the space of minutes and can be repeated many times a day, giving Melbourne a reputation for having "four seasons in one day", a phrase that is part of local popular culture . The lowest temperature on record is −2.8 °C (27.0 °F), on 21 July 1869. The highest temperature recorded in Melbourne city
2848-546: A selection of a dozen bottles of wine from the adjoining Vermont Winery. In the early 1970s, Development Underwriting released the 170-lot Forest Hill Park estate at the north end of Livingstone Road. The first 82 lots were offered in late 1972. A majority of the land had originally belonged to orchardists Albert and Rene Stevens, who resided at their homestead The Wattles . Alrene Court is named after them and Glenda Court, Jennifer Court, and Dianne Grove are named after their three daughters. Development Underwriting also created
3026-478: A traditionalist theme - as evident in Overland Drive, Colonial Drive, Stockmans Drive, Explorers Court and Shearers Court. Buyers could choose between 25 varieties of brick veneer homes ranging from 12½ squares to 29 squares in floorspace, and were built with Glen Iris bricks, Gainsborough fittings and locally-sourced timber. Some blocks were offered without houses. Three orchards and a disused farm were acquired for
3204-569: A unified national association. The RVIA became a foundation member of the federated body in 1929. On 18 August 1930 the 'Royal' title was granted, and it became the Royal Australian Institute of Architects. The Queensland Institute of Architects joined in 1930, with WAIA following in March 1943. SAIA joined up in July 1962, becoming the "South Australian Chapter". The national headquarters
3382-432: Is Flinders Street station and its main regional rail and road coach terminus is Southern Cross station . It also has Australia's most extensive freeway network and the largest urban tram network in the world . Aboriginal Australians have lived in the Melbourne area for at least 40,000 years. When European colonisers arrived in the 19th century, at least 20,000 Kulin people from three distinct language groups –
3560-399: Is Australia's professional body for architects. Its members use the post-nominals FRAIA (Fellow), ARAIA (Associate Member) and RAIA (Member, also the organisation's abbreviation). The Institute supports 14,000 members across Australia, including 550 Australian members who are based in architectural roles across 40 countries outside Australia. SONA (Student Organised Network for Architecture)
3738-604: Is becoming unaffordable for some. Public housing is managed and provided by the Victorian Government's Department of Families, Fairness and Housing , and operates within the framework of the Commonwealth-State Housing Agreement, by which both federal and state governments provide funding for housing. Melbourne is experiencing high population growth, generating high demand for housing. This housing boom has increased house prices and rents, as well as
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#17328513153633916-598: Is home to more skyscrapers than any other Australian city , the tallest being Australia 108 , situated in Southbank. Melbourne's newest planned skyscraper, Southbank By Beulah (also known as "Green Spine"), has recently been approved for construction and will be the tallest structure in Australia by 2025. The CBD and surrounds also contain many significant historic buildings such as the Royal Exhibition Building ,
4094-546: Is known for its music, theatre and arts scenes, as well as its diverse range of cultural events and festivals, including the Melbourne International Arts Festival , Melbourne Fringe Festival and Moomba , Australia's largest free community festival. For much of the 2010s, Melbourne topped The Economist Intelligence Unit 's list of the world's most liveable cities , partly due to its cultural attributes. State Library Victoria , founded in 1854,
4272-437: Is largely protected from the ocean, resulting in greater temperature variation across seasons. Melbourne's urban area is approximately 2,704 km , the largest in Australia and the 33rd largest in the world. The Hoddle Grid , a grid of streets measuring approximately 1 by 1 ⁄ 2 mi (1.61 by 0.80 km), forms the nucleus of Melbourne's central business district (CBD). The grid's southern edge fronts onto
4450-403: Is named after it's original occupants. Lend Lease also developed the 25-acre Morack Forest Estate , which was designed in 1976 and constructed in 1977-78. It created Talarno Avenue, a circuit with four adjoining courts. Part of the land was originally an orchard owned by the O'Brien family. Executive Homes designed homes at both the estates. An 8-acre Apple orchard was cleared and subdivided for
4628-693: Is not defined by a single architectural style, but rather an eclectic mix of large McMansion -style houses (particularly in areas of urban sprawl), apartment buildings, condominiums, and townhouses which generally characterise the medium-density inner-city neighbourhoods. Freestanding dwellings with relatively large gardens are perhaps the most common type of housing outside inner city Melbourne. Victorian terrace housing, townhouses and historic Italianate , Tudor revival and Neo-Georgian mansions are all common in inner-city neighbourhoods such as Carlton, Fitzroy and further into suburban enclaves like Toorak . Often referred to as Australia's cultural capital, Melbourne
4806-554: Is noted for its street art , live music and theatre scenes. It hosts major annual sporting events, such as the Australian Grand Prix and the Australian Open , and also hosted the 1956 Summer Olympics . Melbourne ranked as the world's most livable city for much of the 2010s. Melbourne Airport is the second-busiest airport in Australia and the Port of Melbourne is the nation's busiest seaport. Its main metropolitan rail terminus
4984-481: Is often referred to as Australia's garden city, and the state of Victoria is known as the garden state . There is an abundance of parks and gardens in Melbourne , many close to the CBD with a variety of common and rare plant species amid landscaped vistas, pedestrian pathways and tree-lined avenues. Melbourne's parks are often considered the best public parks in all of Australia's major cities. There are also many parks in
5162-543: Is one of the world's oldest free public libraries and, as of 2018, the fourth most-visited library globally. During the 19th-century boom period, Melbourne-based authors and poets Marcus Clarke , Adam Lindsay Gordon and Rolf Boldrewood produced classic visions of colonial life, and many visiting writers recorded literary responses to the city: for Henry Kendall , it was a "wild bleak Bohemia", while Henry Kingsley stated that, in its rapid growth, Melbourne "surpasses all human experience". Fergus Hume 's The Mystery of
5340-504: Is the capital and most populous city of the Australian state of Victoria , and the second-most populous city in Australia, after Sydney . Its name generally refers to a 9,993 km (3,858 sq mi) metropolitan area also known as Greater Melbourne , comprising an urban agglomeration of 31 local municipalities , although the name is also used specifically for the local municipality of City of Melbourne based around its central business area . The metropolis occupies much of
5518-469: Is the national student-membership body of the Australian Institute of Architects. EmAGN (Emerging Architects and Graduates Network) represents architectural professionals within 15 years of graduation, as part of the Australian Institute of Architects. A number of Australian colonies (later states) formed professional societies for architects. The Royal Victorian Institute of Architects (RVIA)
Vermont South, Victoria - Misplaced Pages Continue
5696-741: The Lawson Manor at 542 Burwood Highway, and the John Eyre at 542 Burwood Highway - named after famous Australians. Another display village of theres was established further down Burwood Highway in October 1978, showcasing the New Macquarie Lodge at 2 Mont Court and the Greenway at 586 Burwood Highway. The estate was originally served by a milk bar , which operated at the east corner of Overland Drive & Weeden Drive, but had closed by 2001. Vermont Park
5874-530: The Australian Dream . This, coupled with the popularity of the private automobile after 1945, led to the auto-centric urban structure now present today in the middle and outer suburbs. Much of metropolitan Melbourne is accordingly characterised by low-density sprawl, whilst its inner-city areas feature predominantly medium-density, transit-oriented urban forms. The city centre, Docklands, St. Kilda Road and Southbank areas feature high-density forms. Melbourne
6052-552: The Barton and Imperial display homes, were flattened and replaced by a $ 10 million five storey apartment building, completed in 2023. The complex was designed by architects Clarke Hopkins Clarke for the non-profit Women’s Housing Limited (WHL) . The Vermont South Shopping Centre and post office opened on 22 October 1974 as the suburb developed. Designed by commercial architects R. Bernard Brown & Associates and developed by Hanover Holdings alongside an adjacent 105-lot housing estate,
6230-522: The Burmont Heights estate - including Highmont Drive, Hartland Road and Ballina Terrace - was first offered in 1975. Macquarie Builders, a division of international developer Kaiser Aetna, acquired 60 acres of land between Burwood Highway and Highbury Road and established the 220-lot Pioneer Ridge estate (not to be confused with a development of the same name in Meredith ). Here, the street names share
6408-449: The CityLink tollway . Other strategies included the privatisation of some of Melbourne's services, including power and public transport, and a reduction in funding to public services such as health, education and public transport infrastructure. Since the mid-1990s, Melbourne has maintained significant population and employment growth. There has been substantial international investment in
6586-573: The Empire of Japan , and the government requisitioned the Melbourne Cricket Ground for military use. In the immediate years after World War II , Melbourne expanded rapidly, its growth boosted by post-war immigration to Australia , primarily from Southern Europe and the Mediterranean . While the "Paris End" of Collins Street began Melbourne's boutique shopping and open air cafe cultures,
6764-584: The Heidelberg School of impressionists, named after a suburb where they camped to paint en plein air in the 1880s. The Australian tonalists followed in the 1910s, some of whom founded Montsalvat in Eltham , Australia's oldest surviving art colony. Mid-century Melbourne became a stronghold of figurative modernism through the paintings of the Antipodeans and Angry Penguins ; the latter group often met at
6942-528: The Livermore family in 1974 and constructed the Wingwood Close estate. Released in mid-1977, the development had 49 lots, most of which were offered as house-and-land packages. The original weatherboard homestead, Winswood , was retained on a double-block at 13-15 Verona Street but was demolished in 2016 and subsequently replaced by four townhouses. Winswood Close is named after the homestead and Livermore Close
7120-593: The Melbourne Bounce genre and the Melbourne Shuffle dance style, both of which emerged from the city's underground rave scene. Established in 1861, the National Gallery of Victoria is Australia's oldest and largest art museum, and houses its collection across two sites: NGV International in Southbank and NGV Australia at Federation Square. Several art movements originated in Melbourne, most famously
7298-535: The Melbourne Town Hall and Parliament House . Although the area is described as the centre , it is not actually the demographic centre of Melbourne at all, due to an urban sprawl to the southeast, the demographic centre being located at Camberwell . Melbourne is typical of Australian capital cities in that after the turn of the 20th century, it expanded with the underlying notion of a 'quarter acre home and garden' for every family, often referred to locally as
Vermont South, Victoria - Misplaced Pages Continue
7476-426: The Melbourne Town Hall , St Patrick's cathedral, though many remained incomplete for decades. The layout of the inner suburbs on a largely one-mile grid pattern, cut through by wide radial boulevards and parklands surrounding the central city, was largely established in the 1850s and 1860s. These areas rapidly filled with the ubiquitous terrace houses, as well as with detached houses and grand mansions, while some of
7654-750: The Melbourne Writers Festival and the Victorian Premier's Literary Awards . In 2008, it became the second UNESCO City of Literature . Melbourne is home to many theatres , eight of which are concentrated in the East End Theatre District , including the Victorian era Athenaeum , Her Majesty's and Princess theatres, as well as the Forum and the Regent . Other heritage-listed theatres include
7832-466: The Otway and Macedon Ranges , which block much of the rainfall arriving from the north and west. Port Phillip is often warmer than the surrounding oceans or the land mass, particularly in spring and autumn; this can set up a " bay effect rain ", similar to the " lake effect " seen in colder climates, where showers are intensified leeward of the bay. Relatively narrow streams of heavy showers can often affect
8010-472: The Royal Exhibition Building , subsequently moving to the Victorian Parliament House, where it sat until it moved to Canberra in 1927. The Governor-General of Australia resided at Government House in Melbourne until 1930, and many major national institutions remained in Melbourne well into the twentieth century. During World War II the city hosted American military forces who were fighting
8188-815: The Selwyn fault , which transects Mount Martha and Cranbourne . The western portion of the metropolitan area lies within the Victorian Volcanic Plain grasslands vegetation community, and the southeast falls in the Gippsland Plains Grassy Woodland zone. Melbourne extends northward through the undulating bushland valleys of the Yarra Valley 's tributaries— Moonee Ponds Creek (toward Melbourne Airport ), Merri Creek , Darebin Creek and Plenty River . The city reaches southeast through Dandenong to
8366-591: The Tyrol Orchard Estate , named after their family who immigrated from Tyrol, Austria in the 1860s. The estate includes Lindau Drive, Lascelle Drive, Donbirn Way and several courts. An orchard, presumably owned by the Rose Family , was demolished and divided for the Carrington Heights Estate at Delacombe Drive and Winjallock Crescent, which had over 90 lots and was first released in 1975. Land at
8544-575: The World Heritage -listed Royal Exhibition Building (1880), the General Post Office (1867), Hotel Windsor (1884) and the Block Arcade (1891). Comparatively little remains of Melbourne's pre-gold rush architecture; St James Old Cathedral (1839) and St Francis' Church (1845) are among the few examples left in the CBD. Many of the CBD's Victorian boom-time landmarks were also demolished in
8722-645: The Wurundjeri , Bunurong and Wathaurong – resided in the area. It was an important meeting place for the clans of the Kulin nation alliance and a vital source of food and water. In June 2021, the boundaries between the land of two of the traditional owner groups, the Wurundjeri and Bunurong, were agreed after being drawn up by the Victorian Aboriginal Heritage Council . The borderline runs across
8900-499: The Yarra River . More recent office, commercial and public developments in the adjoining districts of Southbank and Docklands have made these areas into extensions of the CBD in all but name. A byproduct of the CBD's layout is its network of lanes and arcades , such as Block Arcade and Royal Arcade . Melbourne's CBD has become Australia's most densely populated area, with approximately 19,500 residents per square kilometre, and
9078-536: The market town of Melbourne , Derbyshire . That year, the settlement's general post office officially opened with that name. Between 1836 and 1842, Victorian Aboriginal groups were largely dispossessed of their land by British colonists. In 1840, the Superintendent of the Port Phillip District , Charles La Trobe issued a directive to banish Aborigines from the immediate vicinity of Melbourne. This
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#17328513153639256-589: The '70s and '80s, were demolished for the five-level Applemont apartments building in 2016/2017. Designed by Alta Architecture and completed in April 2019, the development cost over $ 13 million and has 49 apartments. The Ramsay Gardens apartment complex and cafe at the corner of Stanley Road and Burwood Highway was completed in 2021. Built by the now-defunct ABD Group and designed by architects C. Kairouz & Associates , it consists of 122 apartments spread across 5 levels. The building's name comes from Ramsey Street ;
9434-446: The 163-lot Vermont Views estate in 1973, which occupies the land between Hawthorn Road and Hanover Road. The Sara Heights Estate was sold off between 1973-1975 and had 240 home sites - creating Charlnet Drive, Narracan Street, Torwood Drive, Licola Street and Currajong Street. Roy Anderson's flower farm was subdivided for housing in 1973, creating Murchison Avenue and Wynne Court. An estate consisting mostly of house-and-land packages
9612-481: The 1870s. These five allotments make up the area now designated as Vermont South. Temporary wattle and daub huts were erected and later substantial timber cottages. An 1862 proposal would have seen a 475-acre property subdivided for the Town of Norwich, which would have formed around a market surrounded by vineyards and market gardens, never eventuated. By the 1880s, apart from some general farming, orchards dominated much of
9790-540: The 1960s warehouse was demolished in 2007. Construction of the self-storage facility was completed in 2008. The Vermont Private Hospital opened in October 2017. Originally established as a surgical facility, the hospital has since grown to service a range of short stay medical specialties including ophthalmology, orthopaedic surgery, pain management and spinal neurosurgery, plastic and reconstructive surgery, oral and maxillofacial surgery, and more. Initially opening with three of its four theatres operational, surgeon demand led to
9968-725: The 2010s the State Government of Victoria initiated a number of major infrastructure projects designed to reduce congestion in Melbourne and encourage economic growth, including the Metro Tunnel , the West Gate Tunnel , the Level Crossing Removal Project and the Suburban Rail Loop . New urban renewal zones were initiated in inner-city areas like Fisherman's Bend and Arden , while suburban growth continued on
10146-462: The 2024 Global Financial Centres Index . The city's eclectic architecture blends Victorian era structures, such as the World Heritage -listed Royal Exhibition Building , with one of the world's tallest skylines . Additional landmarks include the Melbourne Cricket Ground and the National Gallery of Victoria . Noted for its cultural heritage , the city gave rise to Australian rules football , Australian impressionism and Australian cinema , and
10324-829: The Australian Architecture Conference. Each prize has a separate jury who assess a shortlist in each category. The inaugural 'Australian Achievement in Architecture Awards' were held on 18 March 2010 at the Gallery of Modern Art in Brisbane, presented separately to the National Awards. In 2017 the program was renamed as 'National Prizes'. National Prizes recognise achievement across a range of categories that support and promote advocacy, innovation and education, and do not relate to particular buildings which are judged at
10502-545: The Bay was filled with teatree scrub where boorrimul (emu) and marram (kangaroo) were hunted. The first British settlement in Victoria , then part of the penal colony of New South Wales , was established by Colonel David Collins in October 1803, at Sullivan Bay , near present-day Sorrento . The following year, due to a perceived lack of resources, these settlers relocated to Van Diemen's Land (present-day Tasmania ) and founded
10680-680: The Bellbird Dell and joins Dandenong Creek near the Vermont Private Hospital, was put underground by the Dandenong Valley Authority (DVA) in 1972 as part of the Vermont South Drainage Scheme. The decision was a response to significant flooding in the area caused by the burgeoning residential subdivisions. A piped tributary of the creek which begins at the shopping centre and exists below Woodleigh Crescent joins
10858-433: The City of Nunawading, Public Works Department, Department of Youth, Sport and Recreation and the Education Department. A public meeting was convened at the Vermont South Special School on March 26th, 1976. From this meeting the Vermont South Planning Group was established. The inaugural meeting of the Livingstone Primary School Interim Committee was held on April 26th, 1976, at the Vermont South Special School. A committee
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#173285131536311036-489: The Colony of Victoria, with Melbourne as its capital. The discovery of gold in Victoria in mid-1851 sparked a gold rush , and Melbourne, the colony's major port, experienced rapid growth. Within months, the city's population had nearly doubled from 25,000 to 40,000 inhabitants. Exponential growth ensued, and by 1865 Melbourne had overtaken Sydney as Australia's most populous city. An influx of intercolonial and international migrants, particularly from Europe and China, saw
11214-525: The Corner House (CR) and the Long House (LR). A fourth design, the Pavilion House, was introduced in 1978. The estate ultimately included more than fifty homes within a landscaped setting, with connecting pathways, roadways, and communal facilities such as a swimming pool and barbecue area. Vermont Park was masterplanned by Tract (Merchant Builders' in-house landscape architects and planners), with houses by Graeme Gunn , Terry Dorrough and Cocks & Carmichael. The Lend Lease corporation acquired 16 acres from
11392-733: The Dalroy Crescent Reserve. Fankhauser Drive is named after the Fankhauser family , who owned one of the orchards acquired for the development. Their homestead was built c.1962 and remained at the corner of Burwood Highway and Stanley road until it was demolished to make way for the Ramsay Gardens apartments building in 2019. Beginning in 1968 and continuing into the 1970s, Burwood Rise had multiple display homes at Ritz Street (representing Spaceline and Stewart Craig P/L), Stanley Road (representing Tompkins Homes, Moore Williams Homes and Holwerda & Hayes), Beacon Street (representing Glenvill Homes) and Fankhauser Drive (representing Dean Johnson Homes and Wilson Homes). The 1968 Sunrise Hill subdivisions at
11570-429: The Dandenong Creek. The first settlers, who were woodcutters and charcoal burners, came in the 1850s before land sales. This independent life was steadily encroached upon by settlers eager to own land and tame it for farming. Selectors marked out, leased and improved allotments, which would enable them to gain freehold titles from the Crown. The area was first surveyed in August 1855 by E. Hodgkinson, District Surveyor for
11748-415: The Dandenong Valley Trunk Sewer not slated for completion until the early 1980s, there was an immediate requirement to establish a temporary treatment plant for the region. The site, north of Burwood Highway between Morack Road and Dandenong Creek, had been chosen by The Board in the early 1970s. The John Holland group was awarded the contract to assemble the plant, which began discharging treated wastewater in
11926-492: The Glenvill Corporation, who in mid-1979 premiered a "super centre" consisting of 13 upmarket display homes. Situated at Silverene Court, designs included The Glenden at no. 1, The Glenmanor IV at no. 2A, and The Glen at no. 13. Glenvill had been a prominent operator of display homes on Burwood Highway since the late '60s, showcasing designs such as the The Glenrose at no. 558, The Glengrow at no. 556 and no. 609, The Glenregent at no. 554, The Glen at no. 560, multiple at
12104-413: The Melbourne CBD in the back-beaches of Rye , Sorrento and Portsea . Melbourne has a temperate oceanic climate ( Köppen climate classification Cfb ), with warm summers and cool winters. Melbourne is well known for its changeable weather conditions , mainly due to it being located on the boundary of hot inland areas and the cool southern ocean. This temperature differential is most pronounced in
12282-425: The Morack Golf Course. A concept plan was also developed as part of the strategy. The community consultation was completed later the strategic plan was adopted in 2017. In March 2019, Centrum Architects were appointed to further develop the concept design, which was presented to the resident golf club in mid-2019. The proposed design was sent out to the community in 2021 and construction began in June 2022. $ 12.1 million
12460-438: The National Awards later in the same year. The AIA Gold Medal is the highest individual prize of the Australian Institute of Architects and had been presented annually since 1960. Each of the State and Territory chapters also present annual awards, including Australian Capital Territory, New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Western Australia and Victoria. The winners of these awards form
12638-441: The SafePlay and PlayCo companies. The Morack Golf Course officially opened on the 8 May 1976 as a nine-hole, par 36 course of some 2,757 metres in length. In July 1962, the then Councillor Satchwell moved that the " Parks, Gardens and Council Properties Committee investigate the practicability of providing Municipal Golf Links". This proposal was met with little enthusiasm and it wasn't until 1965, when Council looked at developing
12816-461: The Survey General's Office of Victoria. At a public auction in October 1855 in Melbourne, Crown Land was selected by settlers Charles Burrell (134 acres) and John Lobb (475 acres) at a cost of £1 per acre. In May 1856, William Morton was granted 2 allotments totalling 471 acres. Thomas Lavidge, an agricultural labourer who arrived from England in 1848, had acquired a landholding of 340 acres by
12994-666: The Trove Park, Uplands, and Barnsedale Forest subdivisions. Most of Vermont had already been connected to the Ringwood Outfall Sewer (RIO) and Gardiners Creek Main Sewer (GCM) by this point. By 1980, the plant was sewering an area of around 880 acres. Due to the topography of the region, not all of Vermont South was connected to the Morack Road site. Properties south of Burwood Highway and west of Livingstone Road were generally connected to
13172-560: The Vermont South Drain at Terrara Park. Another branch begins near the Healesville Freeway Reserve and continues beneath Felgate Parade and Terrara Road before joining the Vermont South Drain near the Bellbird Dell's South Playground. The East Burwood Retarding Basin at Billabong Park was constructed by the Dandenong Valley Authority in 1968 to hold excess stormwater from the underground East Burwood Drain. The embankment
13350-799: The Waverley / Shepherd Road Plant, commissioned in 1972. In 1982, The Board of Works completed construction on the Nunawading Branch Sewer - connecting the tributaries of the Morack Road plant to the Dandenong Valley Trunk Sewer and subsequently the Eastern Treatment Plant , bypassing the treatment works at Vermont South. The branch also sewered developments along Mountain Highway in Wantirna South . The City of Nunawading acquired
13528-469: The architecture profession by advocating for high quality design and responsible sustainability for the built environment ." As a professional body representing architects, the institute is represented on many national and state industry and government bodies, and is affiliated with the International Union of Architects (UIA). A chapter is maintained in each state and territory. Each chapter runs
13706-573: The area and established a settlement at the site of the current Melbourne Immigration Museum . Batman and his group arrived the following month and the two groups ultimately agreed to share the settlement, initially known by the native name of Dootigala. Batman's Treaty with the Aboriginal elders was annulled by Richard Bourke , the Governor of New South Wales (who at the time governed all of eastern mainland Australia), with compensation paid to members of
13884-466: The area for residential use, Town Clerk of Nunawading Ted Jane played a pivotal role in encouraging Nunawading Council to create a central "heart" for the area - which led to the designation of the land that now houses the centre. The centre was originally going to be called Burvale Shopping Town. The Westpac Banking Corporation acquired the centre and in 1984 contracted architects Meldrum, Burrows & Partners to design improvements. A new fascia design
14062-535: The association. In 1836, Bourke declared the city the administrative capital of the Port Phillip District of New South Wales , and commissioned the first plan for its urban layout, the Hoddle Grid , in 1837. Known briefly as Batmania, the settlement was named Melbourne on 10 April 1837 by Bourke after the British Prime Minister , William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne , whose seat was Melbourne Hall in
14240-499: The availability of all types of housing. Subdivision regularly occurs in the outer areas of Melbourne, with numerous developers offering house and land packages. However, since the release of Melbourne 2030 in 2002, planning policies have encouraged medium-density and high-density development in existing areas with good access to public transport and other services. As a result of this, Melbourne's middle and outer-ring suburbs have seen significant brownfields redevelopment. On
14418-732: The avant-garde picture palace The Capitol and St Kilda's Palais Theatre , Australia's largest seated theatre with a capacity of 3,000 people. The Arts Precinct in Southbank is home to Arts Centre Melbourne (which includes the State Theatre and Hamer Hall ), as well as the Melbourne Recital Centre , Malthouse Theatre and Southbank Theatre , home of the Melbourne Theatre Company , Australia's oldest professional theatre company. The Australian Ballet , Opera Australia and Melbourne Symphony Orchestra are also based in
14596-436: The back of the 1850s gold rush and 1880s land boom, Melbourne became renowned as one of the world's great Victorian-era cities, a reputation that persists due to its diverse range of Victorian architecture . High concentrations of well-preserved Victorian-era buildings can be found in the inner suburbs, such as Carlton , East Melbourne and South Melbourne . Outstanding examples of Melbourne's built Victorian heritage include
14774-434: The blocks. The Aboriginal population continued to decline, with an estimated 80% total decrease by 1863, due primarily to introduced diseases (particularly smallpox ), frontier violence and dispossession of their lands. The 1880s saw extraordinary growth: consumer confidence, easy access to credit, and steep increases in land prices led to an enormous amount of construction. During this "land boom", Melbourne reputedly became
14952-644: The branch were laid, including the Vermont South Shopping Centre precinct and the Vermont Views, Vermont Park, and Morack Forest residential estates. A smaller branch also fed sewage to the plant from the Carrington Heights and Wingwood Close estates. Upper sections of the branch sewered some homes north of the Healesville Freeway Reserve in the suburb of Vermont (not to be confused with Vermont South), including properties along Jolimont Road and in
15130-565: The business grew. The idea was that customers could sample wine and buy it to take away in bottles, flagons or bulk. Developer Stocks & Holdings acquired the original site in 1972 for the Vintage Gardens housing estate and a new premises was subsequently established at 595 Burwood Highway. The winery was taken over by Scott Cooper and Dennis Parkes in 1978. In 1992, following a victory at the Administrative Appeals Tribunal,
15308-551: The city centre was seen by many as stale—the dreary domain of office workers—something expressed by John Brack in his famous painting Collins St., 5 pm (1955). Up until the 21st century, Melbourne was considered Australia's "industrial heartland". Height limits in the CBD were lifted in 1958, after the construction of ICI House , transforming the city's skyline with the introduction of skyscrapers. Suburban expansion then intensified, served by new indoor malls beginning with Chadstone Shopping Centre . The post-war period also saw
15486-399: The city from west to east, with the CBD , Richmond and Hawthorn included in Wurundjeri land, and Albert Park , St Kilda and Caulfield on Bunurong land. However, this change in boundaries is still disputed by people on both sides of the dispute including N'arweet Carolyn Briggs . The name Narrm is commonly used by the broader Aboriginal community to refer to the city, stemming from
15664-530: The city of Hobart . It would be 30 years before another settlement was attempted. In May and June 1835, John Batman , a leading member of the Port Phillip Association in Van Diemen's Land, explored the Melbourne area, and later claimed to have negotiated a purchase of 2,400 km (600,000 acres) with eight Wurundjeri elders. However, the nature of the treaty has been heavily disputed, as none of
15842-430: The city's industries and property market. Major inner-city urban renewal has occurred in areas such as Southbank , Port Melbourne , Melbourne Docklands and South Wharf . Melbourne sustained the highest population increase and economic growth rate of any Australian capital city from 2001 to 2004. From 2006, the growth of the city extended into "green wedges" and beyond the city's urban growth boundary . Predictions of
16020-653: The city's population reaching 5 million people pushed the state government to review the growth boundary in 2008 as part of its Melbourne @ Five Million strategy. In 2009, Melbourne was less affected by the Great Recession in comparison to other Australian cities. At this time, more new jobs were created in Melbourne than any other Australian city—almost as many as the next two fastest growing cities, Brisbane and Perth, combined, and Melbourne's property market remained highly priced, resulting in historically high property prices and widespread rent increases. Beginning in
16198-600: The city's traditional destinations, like the Melbourne Zoo . Melbourne's many public artworks range from the Burke and Wills monument (1865) to the abstract sculpture Vault (1978), the latter a popular reference point amongst Melbourne designers. Australian Institute of Architects The Australian Institute of Architects , officially the Royal Australian Institute of Architects (abbreviated as RAIA ),
16376-441: The city. Nauru 's then booming economy resulted in several ambitious investments in Melbourne, such as Nauru House . Melbourne remained Australia's main business and financial centre until the late 1970s, when it began to lose this primacy to Sydney. Melbourne experienced an economic downturn between 1989 and 1992, following the collapse of several local financial institutions. In 1992, the newly elected Kennett government began
16554-519: The city. The establishment of the Melbourne Hydraulic Power Company in 1886 led to the availability of high-pressure piped water, allowing for the installation of hydraulically powered elevators , which led to the construction of the first high-rise buildings in the city. The period also saw the huge expansion of a significant radial rail-based transport network throughout the city and suburbs. Melbourne's land-boom peaked in 1888,
16732-588: The club. The first shoot was held in September 1948. The Australian Gun Club was headquartered here until 1969 when the council took over the land for an expansion of a landfill. The shooting range was located in the area now known as Lookout Trail Park. In 1969, Trevor & Joy Grace established the Vermont Winery at a three-acre site on Morack Road. They initially decided to sell wine from five small vineyards , mostly from Rutherglen , and expanded their range as
16910-429: The commissioning of the fourth operating theatre in late 2019. In August 2021, the hospital entered the second phase of a two stage expansion. On Thursday 26th May, a fifth theatre, expanded 19-bed ward, and new CSSD were opened. Terrara Road, formerly Station Road, was proclaimed a public highway in 1918 and received significant upgrades in the 1970s and 80s. The section of Burwood Road (now highway) through Vermont South
17088-471: The complete 5,428 metre, par 71 eighteen holes was finished in 1981. The water supply for the course is based upon a 50 million-litre dam constructed during 1975/78. Water is also pumped from the Dandenong Creek to maintain an adequate supply. In 2015/2016, Council engaged consultants WellPlayed Golf Business Consultancy, in conjunction with Crafter + Mogford Golf Stratergies to develop a strategic plan for
17266-613: The concept of the latter was abandoned after demographic surveys rendered it unfeasible. In 1974 a submission was made to the Minister of Education for a “joint development with the Education Department in the provision of community facilities in Vermont South”. As a result of this submission a meeting was arranged for 20th November, 1974. This was attended by the Minister of Education, the Minister for Public Works and representatives of
17444-460: The corner of Beacon Street and three between Terrara Road and Warrington Avenue. Champion Homes, an affiliate company of Glenvill which offered budget home designs, had a three-home display village at Mont Court and two displays at the super centre. The estate encompassing Mellissa Grove and Head Court was created in 1977 by the Land Sales & Development corporation, replacing an abandoned farm. It
17622-423: The corner of Morack Road and Burwood Highway were built c. 1983. A driving range on the south side of Burwood Highway, which had operated for over 30 years, was replaced by the largest Bunnings Warehouse in Australia in 2005 - creating more than 200 jobs for the local community and representing an investment of $ 25 million. The 16,550m site includes a 9,858 main warehouse, a 1,880m under cover timber drive-through,
17800-548: The countryside from the late 1850s. Construction started on further major public buildings in the 1860s and 1870s, such as the Supreme Court , Government House , and the Queen Victoria Market . The central city filled up with shops and offices, workshops, and warehouses. Large banks and hotels faced the main streets, with fine townhouses in the east end of Collins Street, contrasting with tiny cottages down laneways within
17978-596: The course, provided additional funding for the fit-out and mini-golf course. On 14 March 2024, Mayor Denise Massoud officially opened the revamped facility at a special event attended by councillors, staff, and other stakeholders. The project was managed by Buxton Constructions. By the mid 1960s it had become evident that the Australian Road Research Board was in need of a permanent headquarters with office, laboratory and library facilities. A former apple orchard of 6.5 hectares at Burwood Highway, Vermont South
18156-645: The decades after World War II, including the Federal Coffee Palace (1888) and the APA Building (1889), one of the tallest early skyscrapers upon completion. Heritage listings and heritage overlays have since been introduced in an effort to prevent further losses of the city's historic fabric. In line with the city's expansion during the early 20th century, suburbs such as Hawthorn and Camberwell are defined largely by Federation and Edwardian architectural styles. The City Baths , built in 1903, are
18334-549: The development, with the first stage of construction commencing in late 1973. The last few lots had been sold by 1979. The original homesteads, which were demolished for the estate, were roughly located at the sites now designated as 516 & 530 Burwood Highway and 30-32 Overland Drive. Macquarie displayed their designs on the estate, namely the Macquarie Lodge at 1 Colonial Drive, the Hume Homestead at 536 Burwood Highway,
18512-504: The drive-in centre originally had 40 specialty stores, a Venture department store, a Coles New World supermarket and a Mobil service station - totalling over 11,500m of lettable retail space. Presently, the centre is anchored by Aldi and Coles and has 650 free parking spaces and over 50 specialty stores. Following an amendment to the Melbourne Metropolitan Planning Scheme in 1970, which essentially re-zoned
18690-614: The early 2000s, Australand Holdings acquired much of the former Wobbies World site at Springvale Road and developed the Saxonwood estate, which comprises 32 townhouses and a three-level apartment building with 12 flats. Prior to the establishment of Wobbies World in the early 1980s, the 20-acre orchard had belonged to the Tainton family . Three ex-display homes at the corner of Charlnet Drive and Burwood Highway, originally operated by Tomkin Homes in
18868-515: The early months of 1974. The construction process involved the excavation and levelling of the adjacent terrain and the reconfiguration of a nearby stream once dammed for orchard irrigation. Establishment of the Terrara Road Branch Sewers as far as the Bellbird Dell parklands allowed the reticulation of numerous subdivisions west of the golf course, namely the Vintage Gardens estate. More developments were sewered as additional sections of
19046-471: The eastern fringe at Gembrook . Melbourne receives 48.6 clear days annually. Dewpoint temperatures in the summer range from 9.5 to 11.7 °C (49.1 to 53.1 °F). Melbourne is also prone to isolated convective showers forming when a cold pool crosses the state, especially if there is considerable daytime heating. These showers are often heavy and can include hail, squalls, and significant drops in temperature, but they often pass through very quickly with
19224-468: The establishment of slums, including Chinatown and a temporary "tent city" on the southern banks of the Yarra. In the aftermath of the 1854 Eureka Rebellion , mass public support for the plight of the miners resulted in major political changes to the colony, including improvements in working conditions across mining, agriculture, manufacturing and other local industries. At least twenty nationalities took part in
19402-438: The existing building and construction of a new restaurant with office space above, however, plans were put on hold due to rising interest rates. The building has since received extensive renovations and is opened as Ing Bulgogi, a Korean BBQ-buffet restaurant. The canopy above the centre's south entrance was extended c. 1990 as part of a signage upgrade, however, this was later reverted as it was frequently struck by tall vehicles on
19580-501: The first European colonialists, the landscape was thickly timbered bushland, occupied by the Wurundjeri , Indigenous Australians of the Kulin nation , who spoke variations of the Woiwurrung language group. They were hunters and gatherers , camping near the creeks and gullies of the area now known as Bellbird Dell. The creek flowed from immediately north of the Dell, through it and on to join
19758-561: The five peoples of the Kulin nation, the traditional custodians of the land encompassing Melbourne are the Boonwurrung , Woiwurrung and the Wurundjeri peoples. In 1803, a short-lived British penal settlement was established at Port Phillip, then part of the Colony of New South Wales . Melbourne was founded in 1835 with the arrival of free settlers from Van Diemen's Land (modern-day Tasmania ). It
19936-539: The government began a series of controversial public housing projects in the inner city by the Housing Commission of Victoria , which resulted in the demolition of many neighbourhoods and a proliferation of high-rise towers. In later years, with the rapid rise of motor vehicle ownership, the investment in freeway and highway developments greatly accelerated the outward suburban sprawl and declining inner-city population. The Bolte government sought to rapidly accelerate
20114-549: The growth corridor of Pakenham towards West Gippsland . In the west, it extends along the Maribyrnong River and its tributaries north towards Sunbury . Melbourne's major bayside beaches are in the various suburbs along the shores of Port Phillip Bay, in areas like Port Melbourne , Albert Park , St Kilda , Elwood , Brighton , Sandringham , Mentone , Frankston , Altona , Williamstown and Werribee South. The nearest surf beaches are 85 km (53 mi) south of
20292-467: The hotel features organic materials, including textured earthen bricks and timber joinery, reflecting Wright's philosophy of architecture "growing" from its environment. The Burvale was popular as a live music venue during the 1970s; performances there included a concert by AC/DC in December 1975. A 2015 heritage overlay proposal by local council was ultimately overlooked. The strip of shops and restaurant at
20470-534: The intersection of Weeden Drive and Springvale Road had 160 lots, creating Wildwood Avenue and several courts named after tree species. The adjoining 10 acres of bushland was cleared and a section of the East Burwood Drain was put underground for the 33-lot Sherwood Rise estate in 1968/69. Two orchards and a farm were acquired for a 163-lot housing development off Burwood Highway at Coppabella Way. The estate's first homes were completed c. 1970 and formed part of
20648-476: The land on Burwood Highway, bounded by Morack and Terrara Roads, that anything significant happened. It was the Melbourne Metropolitan Board of Works that suggested the current site, and the land was rezoned as open space by late 1967. A council meeting held on May 28th 1973 concluded: "That the area of land on the east side of Morack Road, Vermont South, reserved as Public Open Space, be utilised for
20826-403: The landscape. The peak of growing fruit was 1930-39 followed by a steady decline due to labour shortages and lack of markets during 1939 - 1945. Beginning in the late 1960s and continuing into the 70s and 80s, the orchards and farms were subdivided to tackle the housing demand. The Burwood Rise estate, located between Livingstone and Stanley Roads and around Dalroy Crescent and Consort Avenue,
21004-562: The late 1970s and early 1980s, including the Little Band scene and St Kilda 's Crystal Ballroom scene, which gave rise to Dead Can Dance and Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds . More recent independent acts from Melbourne to achieve global recognition include The Avalanches , Gotye and King Gizzard and the Lizard Wizard . Melbourne is also regarded as a centre of EDM , and lends its name to
21182-449: The legal name. The postnominals of FRAIA (Fellow) and RAIA (Members and organisation abbreviation) continue to be used with the legal name abbreviated. In the preamble of the AIA's constitution states its wider purpose as " The Royal Australian Institute of Architects, established in 1930, is a national member based organisation for the architecture profession. The Institute supports and advances
21360-633: The major roads developed as shopping streets. Melbourne quickly became a major finance centre, home to several banks, the Royal Mint , and (in 1861) Australia's first stock exchange . In 1855, the Melbourne Cricket Club secured possession of its now famous ground, the MCG . Members of the Melbourne Football Club codified Australian football in 1859, and in 1861, the first Melbourne Cup race
21538-430: The modernisation of Melbourne. Major road projects including the remodelling of St Kilda Junction , the widening of Hoddle Street and then the extensive 1969 Melbourne Transportation Plan changed the face of the city into a car-dominated environment. Australia's financial and mining booms during 1969 and 1970 resulted in establishment of the headquarters of many major companies ( BHP and Rio Tinto , among others) in
21716-481: The morning of March 31st, 2021, the derelict heritage-listed administration building caught fire and was remarkably damaged. The site has since been sold to a retirement village operator who plans to demolish the non-heritage outbuildings and develop the site, retaining the front administration building. Victor Frankhauser, a very keen member of the Australian Gun Club offered some of his land at Highbury Road to
21894-550: The most famous Melburnian of the Edwardian era. The Sidney Myer Music Bowl in Kings Domain hosted the largest crowd ever for a music concert in Australia when an estimated 200,000 attendees saw Melbourne band The Seekers in 1967. Airing between 1974 and 1987, Melbourne's Countdown helped launch the careers of local acts as diverse as AC/DC and Kylie Minogue . Several distinct post-punk scenes flourished in Melbourne during
22072-440: The nation's largest city in 2029–30 at just over 5.9 million, exceeding 6 million people the following year. Melbourne is in the southeastern part of mainland Australia, within the state of Victoria . Geologically, it is built on the confluence of Quaternary lava flows to the west, Silurian mudstones to the east, and Holocene sand accumulation to the southeast along Port Phillip . The southeastern suburbs are situated on
22250-604: The new ARRB headquarters were approved in 1970 and Leighton were awarded the $ 1 million construction contract in May 1971. The complex was officially opened on 27 November 1972 by the Governor General of Victoria Sir Rohan Delacombe. The ARRB’s Vermont South site was sold in 2017 and the organisation’s headquarters was relocated to new offices in Port Melbourne. The site was subjected to significant vandalism beginning in late 2019. On
22428-446: The north and Dandenong Ranges National Park to the east. There are also a number of significant state parks just outside Melbourne. The extensive area covered by urban Melbourne is formally divided into hundreds of suburbs (for addressing and postal purposes), and administered as local government areas, 31 of which are located within the metropolitan area. Melbourne has minimal public housing and high demand for rental housing, which
22606-529: The north of the proposed Centre for school purposes. The land acquired had originally belonged to orchardists Roy and Peggy Mullens, who Mullens Road is named after, and the Stevens Family. The Mullens family homestead was located at 50-52 Livingstone Road but was demolished c. 1986 for the Carrington Court aged care facility. The intention was to have an area for both a primary and secondary school, however,
22784-672: The northern and eastern coastlines of Port Phillip Bay and spreads into the Mornington Peninsula , part of West Gippsland , as well as the hinterlands towards the Yarra Valley , the Dandenong Ranges , and the Macedon Ranges . As of 2023, the population of the metropolitan area was 5.2 million (19% of the population of Australia ); inhabitants are referred to as "Melburnians". The area of Melbourne has been home to Aboriginal Victorians for over 40,000 years and serves as an important meeting place for local Kulin nation clans. Of
22962-553: The official opening was held on March 31st 1979 by John Richardson, Member for Forest Hill. The first principal was Mr. David Harradence (1977-1979) followed by Mr. Peter McLinden (1980-1988). The Kathy Jones Centre (KJC) opened in 2010 as part of the $ 16.2 billion Building the Education Revolution program (BER). The original brick ball-wall was replaced by a multi-purpose sporting field with synthetic grass in early 2016. In 2020-2021, two new large playground were constructed by
23140-483: The parties spoke the same language, and the elders likely perceived it as part of the gift exchanges which had taken place over the previous few days amounting to a tanderrum ceremony which allows temporary, not permanent, access to and use of the land. Batman selected a site on the northern bank of the Yarra River , declaring that "this will be the place for a village" before returning to Van Diemen's Land. In August 1835, another group of Vandemonian settlers arrived in
23318-590: The peak of a man-made hill, which is the remains of the former City of Nunawading Tip that was closed in the 1970s. These walking/bike trails ( Dandenong Creek Trail ) connect to the greater bike trails of eastern Victoria, including the Mount Dandenong National Park and Nortons, Napier and Jells Parks. Sportlink is also a landmark. Melbourne Melbourne ( / ˈ m ɛ l b ər n / MEL -bərn , locally [ˈmæɫbən] ; Boonwurrung / Woiwurrung : Narrm or Naarm )
23496-563: The precinct. Many of Melbourne's theatres join the Melbourne Town Hall in hosting the annual Melbourne International Comedy Festival , one of the world's three largest comedy festivals. Melbourne has been called "the live music capital of the world"; one study found it has more music venues per capita than any other world city sampled, with 17.5 million patron visits to 553 venues in 2016. Australia's first global music star, opera singer Nellie Melba , took her stage name from her hometown. Composer Percy Grainger followed her in becoming
23674-549: The purification works. One of these facilities was to be established in Vermont South aiming to cater to the increasing population in the area. The proposal aligned with a surge in developer enthusiasm attributed to significant population growth in adjacent suburbs.Previously, Vermont South had primarily depended on septic systems to handle it's wastewater. A topographical restraint precluded the area from being served by The Board's existing gravitational sewerage system. Moreover, with
23852-400: The purpose of a Golf Course and the engineer be authorised to continue planning for that facility". Greensmasters, a golf course design and construction company, were contracted to design the layout. The layout was approved by council in mid-1974, who allocated their Parks and Gardens section to initiate tree planting with only Australian native plants to be used. By mid-1975 the construction
24030-614: The rebellion, giving some indication of immigration flows at the time. With the wealth brought in from the gold rush and the subsequent need for public buildings, a program of grand civic construction soon began. The 1850s and 1860s saw the commencement of Parliament House , the Treasury Building , the Old Melbourne Gaol , Victoria Barracks , the State Library , University of Melbourne , General Post Office , Customs House ,
24208-639: The richest city in the world, and the second-largest (after London) in the British Empire . The decade began with the Melbourne International Exhibition in 1880, held in the large purpose-built Exhibition Building . A telephone exchange was established that year, and the foundations of St Paul's were laid. In 1881, electric light was installed in the Eastern Market , and a generating station capable of supplying 2,000 incandescent lamps
24386-399: The same places (usually the eastern suburbs) for an extended period, while the rest of Melbourne and surrounds stays dry. Overall, the area around Melbourne is, owing to its rain shadow, nonetheless significantly drier than average for southern Victoria. Within the city and surrounds, rainfall varies widely, from around 425 mm (17 in) at Little River to 1,250 mm (49 in) on
24564-427: The service road. The Mobil service station at the corner of Hanover Road and Burwood Highway was replaced by a block of 14 shops in 1990. In 2013, Aldi acquired and renovated shop 59 - which included the addition of windows on the south-facing facade, installation of cladding over the old exposed brick, the establishment of a new loading dock, replacement of the original tile footpath, and an internal fit-out. The centre
24742-417: The shortlist for consideration of the National Awards later in the same year. The International Chapter of the AIA also run an awards program. Separately judged awards occur in regional New South Wales and Queensland. Sources: The Institute motto, "Artem promovemus una", literally translated, means something like "Together we advance the profession". More subjectively it is construed in the first tenet of
24920-415: The site for a 24 hour petrol station, McDonalds , video library, cafe and several shops. The proposal caused controversy and objectors claimed it was a conflict of interest for the council as the sale of the land was conditional on council approving the subdivision. Despite angst from the existing traders of the neighbouring Vermont South Shopping Centre, who feared over-development, the project went ahead and
25098-528: The site shortly after it was decommissioned. The Vermont South Pumping Station, originally designated as MMBW Pumping Station No. 72, was commissioned at Livingstone Road in 1974 to maintain pressure within the suburb's expanding water supply reticulation. Strategically located at an elevated position, the station's three pumps are housed within a cream brick building built to a widely-used standard MMBW design. The site has been operated by Yarra Valley Water since 1992. The Vermont South Drain, which flows through
25276-416: The spring and summer months and can cause strong cold fronts to form. These cold fronts can be responsible for varied forms of severe weather from gales to thunderstorms and hail , large temperature drops and heavy rain. Winters, while exceptionally dry by southern Victorian standards, are nonetheless drizzly and overcast. The lack of winter rainfall is owed to Melbourne's rain shadowed location between
25454-496: The surrounding suburbs of Melbourne, such as in the municipalities of Stonnington , Boroondara and Port Phillip , southeast of the central business district. Several national parks have been designated around the urban area of Melbourne, including the Mornington Peninsula National Park , Port Phillip Heads Marine National Park and Point Nepean National Park in the southeast, Organ Pipes National Park to
25632-625: The traditional name recorded for the area on which the Melbourne city centre is built. The word is closely related to Narm-narm , being the Boonwurrung word for Port Phillip Bay . Narrm means scrub in Eastern Kulin languages which reflects the Creation Story of how the Bay was filled by the creation of the Birrarung (Yarra River). Before this, the dry Melbourne region extended out into the Bay and
25810-553: The urban periphery in Melbourne's outer west and east in suburbs like Wyndham Vale and Cranbourne . Middle suburbs like Box Hill became denser as a greater proportion of Melburnians began living in apartments. A construction boom resulted in 34 new skyscrapers being built in the central business district between 2010 and 2020. In 2020, Melbourne was classified as an Alpha city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network . Out of all major Australian cities, Melbourne
25988-487: The winery was given the go-ahead to build a 30-seat restaurant at the existing site. The business closed in the early 2000s and a permit for demolition of the building was issued in September 2004. The land is now occupied by ten town houses, completed in 2005. The Nunawading Motocross Track is home to the Nunawading & District Motocross club (originally Happy Wheels). The club had humble beginnings in 1972 when Geoff Cohen
26166-476: The world's largest and wealthiest metropolises. After the federation of Australia in 1901, Melbourne served as the interim seat of government of the new nation until Canberra became the permanent capital in 1927. Today, Melbourne is culturally diverse and, among world cities, has the 4th largest foreign born population . It is a leading financial centre in the Asia-Pacific region, ranking 28th globally in
26344-464: The year it hosted the Centennial Exhibition. The brash boosterism that had typified Melbourne during that time ended in the early 1890s. The bubble supporting the local finance and property industries burst, resulting in a severe economic depression. Sixteen small land banks and building societies collapsed, and 133 limited companies went into liquidation. The Melbourne financial crisis was
26522-537: Was 46.4 °C (115.5 °F), on 7 February 2009 . While snow is occasionally seen at higher elevations in the outskirts of the city, and dustings were observed in 2020, it has not been recorded in the Central Business District since 1986. The sea temperature in Melbourne is warmer than the surrounding ocean during the summer months, and colder during the winter months. This is predominately due to Port Phillip Bay being an enclosed and shallow bay that
26700-400: Was acquired for the ARRB and architects Mockridge Stahle & Mitchell were commissioned to design the new complex. They proposed a building of ‘ simplicity and dignity ’ to attract new staff whilst also providing a ‘ good background for public relations to visitors and representatives of other interested bodies who in turn attract money to the cost of the functions of the Board ’. The plans for
26878-405: Was advertised as “.. a new release of large fully serviced home sites - most blocks have views over surrounding areas to [the] Dandenongs and have no building problems.” Anywhere from 50-100% of the estate's lots were offered as house and land packages. Several 'craftsman-built' were completed at the estate in early 1978 and first advertised in April, briefly operated as display homes. Stanley Road
27056-408: Was allocated for the project. Completed in October 2023, the redevelopment has a new multipurpose pavilion featuring event spaces, a golf shop, and an upgraded ‘Club House’. The redevelopment also included a modernised 28-bay driving range with TopTracer Range technology, premium bays for group play, food and drink service, and a newly designed 18-hole mini-golf course. Swing Factory, the new operator of
27234-409: Was built c. 1986-87. The property had originally been issued a town planning permit for a reception centre. The land currently occupied by the Knox self-storage facility and the Vermont Private Hospital originally belonged to the Pietsch Family, who had operated their Doncaster Fruit Juice business from the site since the 1940s. Following the death of Walter George Pietsch, the property was sold and
27412-477: Was completed between 1995-1996. The Vermont South McDonalds opened in December 1995 and was remodelled in 2008. Built in 1968/69 at a cost of $ 530,000, it has been identified as "possibly the best and most well-preserved example" of work from the firm of Jorgensen and Hough , a leading designer of post-war hotels and motels. It's named comes from it's location at the corner of Springvale Road and Burwood Highway. Influenced by American architect Frank Lloyd Wright ,
27590-417: Was constructed in 1970 between Livingstone & Stanley Roads, and was extended in 1972 to reach Springvale Road. Stanley Road, the original the driveway and access road for the Fankhauser orchard, was rebuilt in 1968 with bitumen and footpaths for the Burwood Rise estate. It originally ended at Mullens Road but was extended to Dorene Court in 1974 and then to the Healesville Freeway Reserve in 1985. Morack Road
27768-594: Was constructed in stages between 1968-1971 and was the suburb's first major housing development. Created by Vista, an associate company of Forest Hill Heights, who owned the Forest Hill Shopping Centre , the project aimed to create housing for potential customers. The scheme began when Bill Gelfand, one of the partners in Michelson Gelfand, wondered about the possibilities of the land east of Springvale Road. The initial purchase of more than 80 acres cost $ 640,000 and five farmers were paid $ 8,000 per acre. Over 270 lots were released across five stages, creating Charlesworth Park and
27946-424: Was constructed utilising excess clayey material from the neighbouring residential subdivisions. The concept for the development of Livingstone Primary school followed an amendment to the Melbourne Metropolitan Planning Scheme in 1970, which essentially re-zoned the Vermont South area for residential purposes. In light of this, council persuaded the Education Department to purchase the 20 acres of land immediately to
28124-402: Was designated as a main road in 1932. It was briefly known as (Main) Ferntree Gully Road before it was declared a state Highway in 1959/60. The Country Roads Board duplicated the road between Burwood and Upper Ferntree Gully in the late 1960s, creating the Burwood Highway or Metropolitan Route 26. An extra lane was added in the late 1970s as traffic increased. The first section of Mullens Road
28302-431: Was developed between Terrara Park and George Road in 1973, extending Great Western Drive to George Road and creating Galea and Chablis Crescents. Neeta Land Sales began advertising 130 lots at an estate on the west corner of Terrara Road and Burwood Highway in 1974, which created Warrington Avenue, Hempstead Avenue and five courts. Eric and George Fankauser subdivided their 41-acre orchard property on Highbury Road in 1974 for
28480-435: Was enforced later that same year by the mass-arrest and imprisonment of hundreds of Indigenous people during the Lettsom raid . However, Aboriginal people still managed to continue living near the settlement and by January 1844 there were said to be 675 residing in squalid camps around Melbourne. The British Colonial Office had appointed five Aboriginal Protectors for the Aboriginal people of Victoria, in 1839, but their work
28658-424: Was established as the Victorian Institute of Architects in the colony of Victoria in August 1856, receiving royal charter in 1889. After a couple of predecessors dating at least as far back as 1859, the South Australian Institute of Architects was founded in the colony of South Australia on 20 September 1886, and in 1904 Walter Hervey Bagot designed its seal. The New South Wales Institute of Architects
28836-406: Was established by Merchant Builders as a cluster housing estate in 1976. Situated on greater-than 8-acre site, it was initially centred around the Open House (OH), a system-built dwelling designed by Sydney architect Terry Dorrough, which later won an architectural award. In 1977, five variations of this design were constructed at Vermont Park, along with examples of other standardised designs known as
29014-427: Was established in 1871, headed by George Allen Mansfield . The secretary was Benjamin Backhouse , who was later a Member of the NSW Legislative Council . The Queensland Institute of Architects was established in 1888, and the West Australian Institute of Architects (WAIA) in 1896. The Australian Institute of Architects was established on 6 September 1929, when state architectural institutes combined to form
29192-455: Was extended north by 200 metres in 1986 as part of the St James Park Estate - creating Dorene Court, Murray Court and Gibbon Avenue. Previously undeveloped land at the end of Wilpena Close and Myriong Avenue was replaced by the Windsor Hill estate in 1985. The Ministry of Housing and A.V. Jennings Homes worked in partnership to establish the Vermont Rise estate at Village Walk and Kara Walk between 1986-88. The Urban Land Authority , which
29370-419: Was formed with representatives from the Education Department and Parkmore Primary School. By October 1976, this committee saw its task completed. The target date for the opening of the school was February 1978 and the policy was that it must be designed to accommodate 560 children. Work commenced on the school on April 12th 1977, and the concrete was poured in mid-May. By July 21st 1978 all Grades had moved in, and
29548-424: Was formerly located in Red Hill , Canberra , in a 1968 building designed by Bryce Mortlock from Sydney firm Ancher, Mortlock and Woolley. This building still functions as the ACT Chapter offices. In August 2008, following an informal poll of members in 2001, the National Council resolved to continue trading as the 'Australian Institute of Architects', while retaining 'Royal Australian Institute of Architects' as
29726-486: Was given a highly-anticipated overhaul in 2021 which included an internal and external repaint, removal of the aged carpet in favour of wooden flooring and replacement of the dilapidated facia and canopies. Shortly after the renovations were completed, $ 10 million was invested into upgrading the 4216m Coles supermarket, which received a new deli, bakery, fresh food section and upgraded click-and-collect facilities - opened by Micheal Sukkar MP in late August 2022. The supermarket
29904-410: Was held. Melbourne acquired its first public monument, the Burke and Wills statue, in 1864. With the gold rush largely over by 1860, Melbourne continued to grow on the back of continuing gold-mining, as the major port for exporting the agricultural products of Victoria (especially wool) and with a developing manufacturing sector protected by high tariffs. An extensive radial railway network spread into
30082-400: Was implemented, the interior was reconfigured, and seven new shops were established. The free-standing Prince of China restaurant opened next to the centre c. 1975-76. The building was extended to accommodate a dining hall and became 'Bo On' in 1987. The restaurant re-opened as 'Han Palace' in 2005 and 'Crown Palace' in 2006. In 2022, a proposal was put forward which would have seen demolition of
30260-499: Was in operation by 1882. The Melbourne cable tramway system opened in 1885 and became one of the world's most extensive systems by 1890. In 1885, visiting English journalist George Augustus Henry Sala coined the phrase "Marvellous Melbourne", which stuck long into the twentieth century and has come to refer to the opulence and energy of the 1880s, during which time large commercial buildings, grand hotels, banks, coffee palaces , terrace housing and palatial mansions proliferated in
30438-426: Was incorporated as a Crown settlement in 1837, and named after the then- Prime Minister of the United Kingdom , William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne . Declared a city by Queen Victoria in 1847, it became the capital of the newly separated Colony of Victoria in 1851. During the 1850s Victorian gold rush , the city entered a lengthy boom period that, by the late 1880s, had transformed it into Australia's, and one of
30616-409: Was looking for somewhere for his son to ride. After approaching the council and being told there was nowhere for him to ride, Geoff decided to form a committee and start “Happy Wheels”. The track is situated on a former landfill, which had began operation in the early 1960s. Behind the motocross track are bush walk trails connecting to Dandenong Creek and a spectacular lookout. The lookout is located at
30794-459: Was nullified by a land policy that favoured squatters who took possession of Aboriginal lands. By 1845, fewer than 240 wealthy Europeans held all the pastoral licences then issued in Victoria and became a powerful political and economic force in Victoria for generations to come. Letters patent of Queen Victoria , issued on 25 June 1847, declared Melbourne a city. On 1 July 1851, the Port Phillip District separated from New South Wales to become
30972-401: Was originally called Railway Road after a defunct plan for a railway to the area. In 1966 the Metropolitan & Melbourne Board of Works (MMBW) put forth a plan to construct numerous "package" sewage treatment plants in the valleys of Dandenong Creek and its tributaries. The project aimed to provide adequate sewerage to the catchment before the Dandenong Valley Trunk sewer (DVT) could supersede
31150-453: Was progressing well, although the course was nameless, and commonly referred to as the golf links. The Nunawading Historical Society was asked to suggest a name and recommended Norwich, after an early local settlement A Mrs McGivern of Boronia wrote recommending Morack, not only an obvious name but an aboriginal word meaning "a place of hills". The first 9 holes opened on 2 May 1976. The course had been extended to fifteen holes by January 1980 and
31328-503: Was set up to unload and develop surplus government land, created the 46-lot Pioneer Rise estate at the east end of Weeden Drive and the 29-lot Parkview Estate at Mitchelton Court in 1988. The Vermont Heights estate in and around Prestbury Drive and Oxford Grove was developed between 1993-96. Buyers were entered into a draw to win $ 100,000 in cash. The Winton Rise estate was constructed on an irregularly-shaped 15-acre land parcel west of Stanley Road in 1995-96 and includes Adrian Avenue. In
31506-441: Was sold later in the year for over $ 20 million. As part of Nunawading Council's 1992 structure plan for the Vermont South Activity Centre, a prominent council-owned reserve at the corner of Livingstone Road and Burwood Highway was controversially rezoned from public use zone to restricted business zone. The plan also designated the area for a mix of office and retail development. In 1994, Shell Australia proposed plans to subdivide
31684-421: Was the worst affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and spent a long time under lockdown restrictions, with Melbourne experiencing six lockdowns totalling 262 days. While this contributed to a net outflow of migration causing a slight reduction in Melbourne's population over the course of 2020 to 2022, Melbourne is projected to be the fastest growing capital city in Australia from 2023–24 onwards, overtaking Sydney as
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