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18-582: Situations is the shortest piece traditionally attributed to Aristotle as part of the Corpus Aristotelicum , occupying a single two-column page (973) in Bekker's standard reference edition of Aristotle's complete works. The twelve winds, described in order in the text, are: In addition to these primary names, the document also gives partial information on other traditional names for the same winds, and geographic associations tied to various places. Although

36-550: A royal library, and the heirs of Neleus hid their collection in a cellar to prevent it from being seized for that purpose. The library was stored there for about a century and a half, in conditions that were not ideal for document preservation. On the death of Attalus III , which also ended the royal library ambitions, the existence of the Aristotelian library was disclosed, and it was purchased by Apellicon and returned to Athens in about 100  BCE . Apellicon sought to recover

54-582: Is deliberately obscurantist so that "good people may for that reason stretch their mind even more, whereas empty minds that are lost through carelessness will be put to flight by the obscurity when they encounter sentences like these." Not all of these works are considered genuine, but differ with respect to their connection to Aristotle, his associates and his views. Some are regarded by most scholars as products of Aristotle's "school" and compiled under his direction or supervision. Other works, such as On Colors , may have been products of Aristotle's successors at

72-769: Is the collection of Aristotle 's works that have survived from antiquity. According to a distinction that originates with Aristotle himself, his writings are divisible into two groups: the " exoteric " and the " esoteric ". Most scholars have understood this as a distinction between works Aristotle intended for the public (exoteric), and the more technical works intended for use within the Lyceum (esoteric). Modern scholars commonly assume these latter to be Aristotle's own (unpolished) lecture notes (or in some cases possible notes by his students). However, one classic scholar offers an alternative interpretation. The 5th century neoplatonist Ammonius Hermiae writes that Aristotle's writing style

90-547: The Teubner series, Aristotelis qui ferebantur librorum fragmenta , Leipzig, 1886, is still commonly used (indicated by R ), although there is a more current edition with a different numeration by Olof Gigon (published in 1987 as a new vol. 3 in Walter de Gruyter 's reprint of the Bekker edition), and a new de Gruyter edition by Eckart Schütrumpf is in preparation. For a selection of

108-859: The Good ), Eudemus (or On the Soul ), On Justice , and On Good Birth . The possibly spurious work, On Ideas survives in quotations by Alexander of Aphrodisias in his commentary on Aristotle's Metaphysics . For the dialogues, see also the editions of Richard Rudolf Walzer , Aristotelis Dialogorum fragmenta, in usum scholarum (Florence 1934), and Renato Laurenti, Aristotele: I frammenti dei dialoghi (2 vols.), Naples: Luigi Loffredo, 1987. Aristotle's works have been published in many printed editions, either as complete editions of all surviving writings or as partial collections. English complete editions include: Attalus III Attalus III ( Greek : Ἄτταλος Γ΄ ) Philometor Euergetes ( c.  170 BC  – 133 BC)

126-547: The Lyceum, e.g., Theophrastus and Strato of Lampsacus . Still others acquired Aristotle's name through similarities in doctrine or content, such as the De Plantis, possibly by Nicolaus of Damascus . A final category, omitted here, includes medieval palmistries , astrological and magical texts whose connection to Aristotle is purely fanciful and self-promotional. In several of the treatises, there are references to other works in

144-504: The chronological order of Aristotle's writings. According to Strabo and Plutarch , after Aristotle's death, his library of writings went to Theophrastus (Aristotle's successor as head of the Lyceum and the Peripatetic school ). After the death of Theophrastus, the peripatetic library went to Neleus of Scepsis . Some time later, the Kingdom of Pergamon began conscripting books for

162-597: The corpus. Based on such references, some scholars have suggested a possible chronological order for a number of Aristotle's writings. W. D. Ross , for instance, suggested the following broad chronology (which of course leaves out much): Categories , Topics , Sophistici Elenchi , Analytics , Metaphysics Δ , the physical works, the Ethics , and the rest of the Metaphysics . Many modern scholars however, based simply on lack of evidence, are skeptical of such attempts to determine

180-454: The document usually provides geographic context as opposed to cardinal directions, it is clear by comparing its scheme to other classical accounts that the listing starts in the north, and proceeds clockwise. In particular, the scheme presented in Situations is very similar to, but distinct from, the one given by Aristotle in his authentic text, Meteorology . A significant difference between

198-475: The fragments in English translation, see W. D. Ross, Select Fragments ( Oxford 1952 ), and Jonathan Barnes (ed.), The Complete Works of Aristotle: The Revised Oxford Translation , vol. 2, Princeton 1984, pp. 2384–2465. A new translation exists of the fragments of Aristotle's Protrepticus , by Hutchinson and Johnson (2015). The works surviving only in fragments include the dialogues On Philosophy (or On

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216-479: The many lost works of Aristotle were included in the fifth volume of Bekker's edition, edited by Valentin Rose . These are not cited by Bekker numbers, however, but according to fragment numbers. Rose's first edition of the fragments of Aristotle was Aristoteles Pseudepigraphus (1863). As the title suggests, Rose considered these all to be spurious. The numeration of the fragments in a revised edition by Rose, published in

234-517: The poet Nicander which celebrates his heritage. According to Livy , Attalus III had little interest in ruling Pergamon, devoting his time to studying medicine , botany , gardening , and other pursuits. He had no male children or heirs of his own, and in his will he left his kingdom to the Roman Republic , believing that if he did not then Rome would take the kingdom anyway and this way would avoid bloodshed. Tiberius Gracchus requested that

252-525: The standard form of reference to works in the Corpus Aristotelicum, are based on the page numbers used in the Prussian Academy of Sciences edition of the complete works of Aristotle ( Aristotelis Opera edidit Academia Regia Borussica , Berlin, 1831–1870). They take their name from the editor of that edition, the classical philologist August Immanuel Bekker (1785–1871). Surviving fragments of

270-915: The texts, many of which were seriously degraded at this point due to the conditions in which they were stored. He had them copied out into new manuscripts, and used his best guesswork to fill in the gaps where the originals were unreadable. When Sulla seized Athens in 86  BCE , he seized the library and transferred it to Rome. There, Andronicus of Rhodes organized the texts into the first complete edition of Aristotle's works (and works attributed to him). The Aristotelian texts we have today are based on these. Diogenes Laërtius lists, in his Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers ( c.  230  CE ), works of Aristotle comprising 156 titles divided into approximately 400 books, which he reports as totaling 445,270 lines of writing; however, many of these are lost or only survive in fragments, and some may have been incorrectly attributed. Bekker numbers ,

288-549: The treasury of Pergamon be opened up to the Roman public, but the Senate refused this. Not everyone in Pergamon accepted Rome's rule. In 131 BC Aristonicus , who claimed to be Attalus' brother as well as the son of Eumenes II , an earlier king, led a popular uprising with the help of the Roman philosopher Blossius . He ruled as Eumenes III . The revolt was put down in 129 BC, and Pergamon

306-512: The two texts is that Situations introduces the names Orthonotus and Leuconotus for the two southerly winds not treated in Meteorology . For another treatment of the text, see the "Theophrastus" section in the classical compass winds article, listed below. Corpus Aristotelicum The works of Aristotle , sometimes referred to by modern scholars with the Latin phrase Corpus Aristotelicum ,

324-468: Was the last Attalid king of Pergamon , ruling from 138 BC to 133 BC. Attalus III was the son of king Eumenes II and his queen Stratonice of Pergamon , and he was the nephew of Attalus II , whom he succeeded. "Philometor Euergetes" means "Loving-his-Mother, Benefactor" in Greek; he was so-called because of his close relationship with his mother Stratonice. He is the likely addressee of a fragmentary hymn by

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