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46-397: [REDACTED] Map of Veldhoven (town), Dec. 2013 The modern town of Veldhoven is an agglomeration of former rural villages that in the twentieth century grew together to form one large suburban area catering to Eindhoven commuter needs. The villages are: Veldhoven proper to the southwest; Meerveldhoven to the southeast; Oerle to the west; and Zeelst to the northeast. A new city center

92-458: A Sunday. Large-scale air raids, including the bombing by the Luftwaffe on 19 September 1944 during Operation Market Garden , destroyed large parts of the city and killed 227 civilians while leaving 800 wounded. The reconstruction that followed left very little historical remains and the postwar reconstruction period saw drastic renovation plans in highrise style, some of which were implemented. At

138-460: A branch on the university campus. This tradition has also fostered inter-industry cooperation in the region; one example of this is the announcement in September 2010 of a new research lab for high-grade packaging materials, a cooperation of IPS Packaging and Thales Cryogenics . This cooperative tradition has also developed into a different direction than the traditional technology research done at

184-559: A selection of shops. The Admirant has been renovated into an Office building for small companies. Across the street from the Witte Dame and next to the Admirant is Philips' first light bulb factory (nicknamed Roze Baby, or "Pink Baby" , in reference to its pink colour and much smaller size when compared to the "White Lady" and "Brown Gentleman"). The small building now houses the "Centrum Kunstlicht in de Kunst" (centre artificial light in art) and

230-467: A small town right on the confluence of the Dommel and Gender streams. At the time of granting of its charter , Eindhoven had approximately 170 houses enclosed by a rampart . Just outside the city walls stood a small castle. The city was also granted the right to organize a weekly market and the farmers in nearby villages were obliged to come to Eindhoven to sell their produce. Another factor in its establishment

276-515: A study center in Eindhoven. Among the private institutions is the Centrum voor Kunsten Eindhoven , which offers art-related courses to adults (including a DJ-education). Best, Netherlands Best ( Dutch pronunciation: [bɛst] ) is a municipality and a village in the province of North Brabant , southern Netherlands . It is situated northwest of the city Eindhoven , and

322-724: A varied program of art and culture in the broadest sense. Theatre De Schalm is near the City Centrum. The spoken language is Kempenlands (an East Brabantian dialect, which is very similar to colloquial Dutch ). The current town council of Veldhoven was elected at the 2022 local elections . Eindhoven Airport is near Veldhoven, on the border with Eindhoven in Meerhoven , close to the A2 and A67 motorways. Eindhoven Eindhoven ( / ˈ aɪ n t h oʊ v ən / EYENT -hoh-vən , Dutch: [ˈɛintˌɦoːvə(n)] )

368-674: Is a city and municipality of the Netherlands , located in the southern province of North Brabant , of which it is the largest municipality, and is also located in the Dutch part of the natural region the Campine . With a population of 246,443 (1 January 2024) on a territory of 88.92 km , it is the fifth-largest city of the Netherlands and the largest outside the Randstad conurbation. Eindhoven

414-417: Is located in the southeast of the province of North Brabant . This area is historically Catholic and the population of Eindhoven was similarly mostly Catholic for a very long time until the late 1970s. However, the internationalizing influence of the university, Philips and other companies have created a more mixed population over the last few decades. Religion in Eindhoven (2015) The spiritual needs of

460-512: Is part of Brabant's city region . The headquarters of one of Europe's largest meat processors , Vion NV , are located in Best, as are Philips Healthcare and the Bata Corporation 's "Bata Protective" operations (B2B). The village used to be a part of Oirschot , a nearby town. But as Best was situated on the state road from Amsterdam to Maastricht , this often created difficulties. Each time

506-461: Is the oldest still in use within Western Europe. Historical building research in 2009 showed that the wooden frame of the stable dates back to 1263. The residential part of the farm is more recent, and was built in 1640 at the earliest, but probably around 1680. The farm is an official monument. The first written text about Best dates back to 1421. The village itself, however, did not exist until

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552-517: The Gender , which also includes the second-largest hospital in the Eindhoven urban region, Máxima Medisch Centrum . Veldhoven Centrum has over 100 shops with famous brands covering restaurants, groceries, fashion products, jewelry and banks, and a market every Monday for fruit and produce. It also has services such as a library and municipal and VVV offices. The yearly festival Cult en Tumult offers

598-467: The High Tech Campus Eindhoven . Eindhoven, being a city with a 240,000+ population, is served by a large number of schools both at primary and secondary education levels. In addition, Eindhoven is a higher-education hub within the southern Netherlands, with several institutes of higher education that serve students from the extended region of North Brabant , Zeeland , Limburg and parts of

644-502: The Kingdom of the Netherlands in 1815, Eindhoven had 2,310 inhabitants. By 1920, the population was 47,946; by 1925 it was 63,870 and in 1935 that had ballooned to 103,030. The explosive growth of industry in the region and the subsequent housing needs of workers called for radical changes in administration, as the City of Eindhoven was still confined to its medieval moat city limits. In 1920,

690-499: The "Philips Incandescent Lamp Factory of 1891" museum. Due to its high-tech environment, Eindhoven is part of several initiatives to develop, foster and increase a knowledge economy . Chief among these are: The Intelligent Community Forum named the Eindhoven metro region the No. 21 intelligent community in 2008 and the No. 7 intelligent community in 2009 and 2010. In 2011, the ICF named Eindhoven

736-409: The 19th century, Eindhoven grew into an industrial town with factories for textile weaving , cigar manufacturing, match making and hat making. Most of these industries disappeared again after World War II , though. In 1891, brothers Gerard and Anton Philips founded the small light bulb factory that would grow into one of the largest electronics firms in the world. Philips ' presence is probably

782-406: The 19th century. There were three small villages: Naastenbest in the west, Wilhelminadorp in the south and Verrenbest where Oranjestraat is located. They grew together, and formed the village with the name Best. Best received a railway station on the line Rotterdam – Breda – Boxtel – Helmond – Venlo – Maastricht. The line had only one track, but traffic congestion necessitated another track, so it

828-536: The Dommel's course being restored to their original states, and plans to have the Gender flow through the centre once again. The large-scale housing developments of the 20th century saw residential areas being built on former agricultural lands and woods , former heaths that had been turned into cultivable lands in the 19th century. The city is currently divided into seven districts: Eindhoven has an oceanic climate with slightly warmer summers and colder winters than

874-507: The Dommel, Gender and Tongelreep rivers. Beginning in the 19th century, the basins of the rivers themselves have also been used as housing land, resulting in occasional flooding in the city centre. Partly to reduce flooding, the bed of the Gender stream, which flowed directly through the city centre, was dammed off and filled up after the War, and the course of the Dommel was regulated. New ecological and socio-historical insights have led to parts of

920-418: The Eindhoven agglomeration, the following numbers of crimes were recorded: Eindhoven has grown from a little town in 1232 to one of the biggest cities in the Netherlands with over 240,000 inhabitants in 2022. Much of its growth is due to Philips , DAF Trucks and Brabantia . Among recent high-tech companies based in Eindhoven are NXP Semiconductors , Sendcloud , and Signify . After the resurrection of

966-406: The Eindhoven population are tended to by a steadily shrinking number of churches, two mosques and one synagogue. In research by the Dutch newspaper Algemeen Dagblad based on the police's statistical data on crime rates , Eindhoven was found to have the highest crime rate in the Netherlands for 2006, 2007, 2009, and 2010. In 2011, Eindhoven has slipped down the list to number six. In 2009, in

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1012-610: The French occupation, Eindhoven suffered again with many of its houses destroyed by the invading forces. Eindhoven remained a minor city after that until the start of the Industrial Revolution . The Industrial Revolution of the 19th century provided a major growth impulse. Canals, roads and railroads were constructed. Eindhoven was connected to the major Zuid-Willemsvaart canal through the Eindhovens Kanaal branch in 1843 and

1058-575: The Intelligent Community of the Year. Since 2012, Eindhoven has vanished from the top 7 of intelligent communities. Eindhoven is one of the co-location centres of the European Institute of Innovation and Technology (EIT). It hosts two Knowledge and Innovation Communities (KICs): Innoenergy (Sustainable Energy) and EIT ICT Labs (Information and Communication Technology). The co-locations are on

1104-521: The Netherlands in 1815 and the end of the Belgian Revolution , Eindhoven was a small village of some 1250 people in an economically backward and mostly agricultural area. Cheap land, cheap labor and the existence of pre-industrial homesourcing ( huisnijverheid in Dutch) made Eindhoven an attractive area for the developing industries which were being stimulated by the government of King William I . During

1150-524: The Netherlands, or when at least one of their parents was born outside of the Netherlands. The municipal agglomeration of Eindhoven (an administrative construct which includes only some of the surrounding towns and villages) has 327,245 inhabitants as of 1 January 2010. The spoken language is a combination of Kempenlands (a Dutch dialect spoken in a large area east and south east of the city, including Arendonk and Lommel in Belgium) and North Meierijs (between

1196-538: The aforementioned Philips and DAF. Eindhoven has long been a centre of cooperation between research institutes and industry. This tradition started with Philips (the NatLab was a physical expression of this) and has since expanded to large cooperative networks. The Eindhoven University of Technology hosts an incubator for technology startups and the NatLab has developed into the High Tech Campus Eindhoven . Also, TNO has opened

1242-648: The coastal parts of the Netherlands. Its all-time record is 40.3 °C (104.5 °F) set on 25 July 2019 and −21.7 °C (−7.1 °F) set on 13 January 1968, while winter lows have dipped below −15 °C (5 °F) during extreme cold snaps. Although frosts are frequent in winter, there is no lasting snow cover in a normal winter due to the mild daytime temperatures. As of 2024 , the population of Eindhoven consisted of 246,443 people (according to AlleCijfers.nl). Of these, 43% or some 104,804 people were of (partial) foreign descent in 2023. People are classified as being of foreign descent when they were born outside of

1288-405: The contraction of the regional words eind (meaning "last" or "end") and hove (or hoeve , a section of some 14 hectares of land). Toponymically , eind occurs commonly as a prefix and postfix in local place- and street names. A "hove" comprised a parcel of land which a local lord might lease to private persons (such as farmers ). Given that a string of such parcels existed around Woensel ,

1334-479: The country and its (European) region. Prime examples of industrial heritage in Eindhoven are the renovated Witte Dame ( "White Lady" ) complex, a former Philips lamp factory; and the Admirant building (informally known as Bruine Heer or "Brown Gentleman" in reference to the Witte Dame across the street), the former Philips main offices. The Witte Dame currently houses the municipal library, the Design Academy and

1380-524: The five former municipalities became districts of the Municipality of Eindhoven, with Eindhoven-Centrum (the City proper) forming the sixth. Since then, an additional seventh district has been formed by dividing the largest district, that of Woensel, into Woensel-Zuid and Woensel-Noord. The early 20th century saw additions in technical industry with the advent of car and truck manufacturing company Van Doorne's Aanhangwagenfabriek (Trailer factory) (DAF) which

1426-405: The five neighbouring municipalities of Woensel (to the north), Tongelre (northeast and east), Stratum (southeast), Gestel en Blaarthem (southwest) and Strijp (west), which already bore the brunt of the housing needs and related problems, were incorporated into the new Groot-Eindhoven ("Greater Eindhoven") municipality. The prefix "Groot-" was later dropped. After the incorporation of 1920,

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1472-484: The globally famous Design Academy Eindhoven . Neighbouring cities and towns include Son en Breugel , Nuenen , Geldrop-Mierlo , Helmond , Heeze-Leende , Waalre , Veldhoven , Eersel , Oirschot and Best . The agglomeration has a population of 337,487. The metropolitan area consists of 780,611 inhabitants. The city region has a population of 753,426. The Brabantse Stedenrij combined metropolitan area has about two million inhabitants. The name may derive from

1518-524: The houses but by 1560 these had been rebuilt with the help of William I of Orange . During the Dutch Revolt , Eindhoven changed hands between the Dutch and the Spanish several times during which it was burned down by renegade Spanish soldiers, until finally in 1583 it was captured once more by Spanish troops and its city walls were demolished. Eindhoven did not become part of the Netherlands until 1629. During

1564-559: The largest single contributing factor to the major growth of Eindhoven in the 20th century. It attracted and spun off many hi-tech companies, making Eindhoven a major technology and industrial hub. In 2005, a full third of the total amount of money spent on research in the Netherlands was spent in or around Eindhoven. A quarter of the jobs in the region are in technology and ICT , with companies such as FEI Company (once Philips Electron Optics), NXP Semiconductors (formerly Philips Semiconductors), ASML , ALTEN , Simac, Neways Electronics and

1610-575: The military wanted to quarter troops in Best, they had to request to be stationed in Oirschot, 10 km away, for this to be allowed. Because of this difficulty, the government decided to separate Best from Oirschot in 1819. Archaeological excavations around the village suggest settlement in the area dating back to the Roman era. The Armenhoef is a monumental farm on the Oirschotseweg 117 in Best. This stable

1656-604: The name Eindhoven may have originated with the meaning literally "last hoves on the land of Woensel" in Dutch language . Another explanation is that "Eind" is derived from "Gender", the city is located at the end of this little river. Genderhoven phonetically would have changed to Endehoven. 'Ende' is also the old spelling and pronunciation of the word 'eind', which would explain the change from 'Gender' to 'Eind'. The written history of Eindhoven started in 1232, when Duke Hendrik I of Brabant granted city rights to Eindhoven , then

1702-528: The south of Den Bosch and into Eindhoven). Both dialects belong to the East Brabantian dialect group), which is very similar to colloquial Dutch ). Of all Eindhoven districts, the historical centre is by far the smallest in size and population, numbering only 5,419 in 2006. Woensel-Noord is the largest, having been the city's main area of expansion for several decades. Population figures for all districts, as of 1 January 2008, ranked by size: Eindhoven

1748-566: The start of the 21st century, a whole new housing development called Meerhoven was constructed at the site of the old airport of Welschap, west of Eindhoven. The airport itself, now called Eindhoven Airport , had moved earlier to a new location, paving the way for much-needed new houses. Meerhoven is part of the Strijp district and is partially built on lands annexed from the municipality of Veldhoven . The villages and city that make up modern Eindhoven were originally built on sandy elevations between

1794-529: The surrounding provinces. Primary education is provided to the children aged 4 to 12 in Eindhoven through a large number of primary schools: Secondary education is provided to the children aged 12 to 18 in Eindhoven through several highschools: Special needs secondary education: Eindhoven hosts four different public institutions for higher and adult education, as well as a number of private institutions offering courses and trainings. The public institutions hosted in Eindhoven are: The Open University also has

1840-408: The time, there was little regard for historical heritage . During the 1960s, a new city hall was built and its Neo-gothic predecessor (1867) demolished to make way for a planned arterial road that never materialised. The 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s saw large-scale housing developments in the districts of Woensel-Zuid and Woensel-Noord, making Eindhoven the fifth-largest city in the Netherlands. At

1886-518: The university. Starting in 2002, the university, the Catharina hospital, Philips Medical and the University of Maastricht joined forces and started joint research into biomedical science , technology and engineering . Within Eindhoven, this research has been concentrated in a new university faculty (BioMedical Technology or BMT). This development has also made Eindhoven a biomedical technology hub within

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1932-406: Was connected by rail to Tilburg , 's-Hertogenbosch , Venlo and Belgium between 1866 and 1870. Industrial activities initially centred around tobacco and textiles and boomed with the rise of lighting and electronics giant Philips , which was founded as a light bulb manufacturing company in Eindhoven in 1891. Industrialisation brought population growth to Eindhoven. On the establishment of

1978-458: Was constructed between Zeelst and Veldhoven. Veldhoven is home to the headquarters of the manufacturer of high-tech ( semiconductor ) lithography equipment ASML . As of 2009, the company employed over 14,000 people—equivalent to nearly one eighth of the town's population. ASML occupies the tallest building (83 meters) in Veldhoven. The municipality features a large industrial and office area along

2024-498: Was its location on the trade route from Holland to Liège . Around 1388, the city's fortifications were strengthened further. And between 1413 and 1420, a new castle was built within the city walls. In 1486, Eindhoven was plundered and burned by troops from Guelders . The reconstruction of Eindhoven was finished in 1502, with a stronger rampart and a new castle. However, in 1543 it fell again, its defense works having been neglected due to poverty. A big fire in 1554 destroyed 75% of

2070-556: Was later renamed to Van Doorne's Automobiel Fabriek and the subsequent shift towards electronics and engineering, with the traditional tobacco and textile industries waning and finally disappearing in the 1970s. A first air raid in World War II was flown by the RAF on 6 December 1942 targeting the Philips factory downtown, in which 148 civilians died, even though the attack was carried out on

2116-472: Was originally located at the confluence of the Dommel and the Gender . A municipality since the 13th century, Eindhoven witnessed rapid growth starting in the 1900s by textile and tobacco industries. Two well-known companies, DAF Trucks and Philips , were founded in the city; Philips would go on to become a major multinational conglomerate while based in Eindhoven. Apart from Philips, Eindhoven also contains

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