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24-503: Vaticanus may refer to: Vatican Hill (in Latin, Vaticanus Mons ), a location of Holy See Vagitanus or Vaticanus, an Etruscan god See also [ edit ] Codex Vaticanus (disambiguation) Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Vaticanus . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change

48-709: A flint tool, some splinters of the same material and animal teeth. The remains date back to about 65,000 years ago and are the oldest finds in the area of Rome. In the Middle Ages Monte Mario was located on the Via Francigena ; pilgrims referred to it as Mons Gaudii ( Latin for Mount of the Joy ). The Via Francigena came from the Leonine City and continued towards La Giustiniana and then La Storta ; then, having passed Isola Farnese , it continued north. The hill

72-510: A deity, and an altar was built to his honour in the lowest part of the new road, because in that place a voice from heaven was heard, so this deity was called Vaticanus , because he presided over the principles of the human voice; for infants, as soon as they are born, make the sound which forms the first syllable in Vaticanus , and are therefore said vagire (to cry) which word expresses the noise which an infant first makes". St. Augustine , who

96-399: A more popular area, corresponding to the northernmost part of Primavalle. The part of Della Vittoria Suburb overlooking Piazza Nostra Signora di Guadalupe is called Monte Mario Alto ("High Monte Mario") and develops close to Colle Sant'Agata, where, in the 1920s, a cooperative of post and telegraph workers built the first settlement. Other popular housing units were added in the 1930s, while

120-618: A personal name Vaticanus in the mid-5th century BC, of unknown relation to the place name. Vaticanus Mons (or Vaticanus Collis ) was most often a name in Classical Latin for the Janiculum . Cicero uses the plural form Vaticani Montes in a context that seems to include the modern Vatican Hill and the Monte Mario and the Janiculan hill. The Ager Vaticanus or Campus Vaticanus

144-470: A small portion of Municipio Roma XV of Rome, thus including part of the Quarters Trionfale , Della Vittoria and Primavalle . The same toponym also identifies the urban area which extends over the hill, close to Via Trionfale and the first stretch of Via di Torrevecchia, with the railway station of the same name . It is the highest (139 m) hill in the town and, together with the Janiculum and

168-765: The Circus Vaticanus is mentioned in a few late sources. The Vaticanum was also the site of the Phrygianum , a temple of the Magna Mater goddess Cybele . Although secondary to this deity's main worship on the Palatine Hill , this temple gained such fame in the ancient world that both Lyon , in Gaul, and Mainz , in Germany called their own Magna Mater compounds "Vaticanum" in imitation. Remnants of this structure were encountered in

192-637: The Holy See . 41°54′13″N 012°27′01″E  /  41.90361°N 12.45028°E  / 41.90361; 12.45028 Monte Mario Monte Mario (English: Mount Mario or Mount Marius ) is the hill that rises in the north-west area of Rome (Italy), on the right bank of the Tiber , crossed by the Via Trionfale . It occupies part of Balduina , of the territory of Municipio Roma I ( Roma Centro ), of Municipio Roma XIV ( Roma Monte Mario ) and

216-725: The Pincius , one of the most scenic spots in the city, especially in the place called " Zodiac ", which offers a south and west view of the main architectural monuments of the city, of the Vatican City , of the Alban Hills , of the Monti Tiburtini, of the Monti Prenestini and of the highest peaks of western central Apennines . Here, moreover, begins the longest Linear Park in Rome, which connects

240-602: The 1960s. The side of the hill was the former site of the Villa del Pigneto , built by Pietro da Cortona . The ruins of the structure were razed in the 19th century. The John Felice Rome Center , one of the four campuses of Loyola University Chicago , is located on the hill in Via Massimi. The other settlements on the hill include: The built-up area of the hill include middle and high-bourgeois residential districts, such as Balduina , Trionfale, Belsito and Della Vittoria, as well as

264-558: The Seventeenth Century reconstruction of St. Peter's Square. Vaticanus Mons came to refer to the modern Vatican Hill as a result of calling the whole area the "Vatican" (Vaticanum) . Christian usage of the name was spurred by the martyrdom of St. Peter there. Beginning in the early 4th century AD, construction began on the Old St. Peter's Basilica over a cemetery that is the traditional site of St. Peter's tomb. Around this time,

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288-747: The city walls to protect St. Peter's Basilica and the Vatican. Thus, Vatican Hill has been within the walls and city limits of Rome for over 1100 years. Until the Lateran Treaties in 1929 it was part of the Rione of Borgo . Before the Avignon Papacy (1305–1378), the headquarters of the Holy See were located at the Lateran Palace . After the Avignon Papacy the church administration moved to Vatican Hill and

312-457: The derivation of the Latin word Vaticanus . Varro (1st century BC) connected it to a Deus Vaticanus or Vagitanus , a Roman deity thought to endow infants with the capacity for speech evidenced by their first wail ( vagitus , the first syllable of which is pronounced [waː-] in Classical Latin ). Varro's rather complicated explanation relates this function to the tutelary deity of

336-614: The full edification was completed between the 1960s and the 1980s. Monte Mario is also historically linked to the complex of the former Manicomio Santa Maria della Pietà , one of the largest and oldest mental health hospital in Europe. In 2004, thanks to Moto Guzzi Roma and under the patronage of the Lazio Region, of the Province of Rome and of Roma Capitale , the Monte Mario Circuit

360-411: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vaticanus&oldid=1043616464 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Vatican Hill The ancient Romans had several opinions about

384-575: The name Vaticanus Mons was established in its modern usage, and the Janiculum hill was distinguished from it as the Ianiculensis Mons . Another cemetery nearby was opened to the public on 10 October 2006 to commemorate the 500th anniversary of the Vatican Museums . The Vatican Hill was included within the city limits of Rome during the reign of Pope Leo IV , who, between 848 and 852, expanded

408-412: The name from the word mare (Italian for "sea"), referring to the fossil shells found there or to the fact that from some heights is it possible to see the sea. Finally, a third hypothesis is related to the medieval name of the hill, Monte Malo ("Bad Mountain"), due to the murder of the patrician Giovanni Crescenzio that took place there in 998. The eastern part of the hill is a nature reserve and on

432-1005: The papal palace was (until 1871) the Quirinal Palace , upon the Quirinal Hill . Since June 1929, part of the Vatican Hill is the site of the State of the Vatican City . However, the cathedral of the Bishop of Rome, the Pope, is not St. Peter's in the Vatican, but Basilica di San Giovanni in Laterano , which is extra-territorially linked, as indicated in the Lateran Pacts signed with the Italian state in February 1929, with

456-464: The place and to the advanced powers of speech possessed by a prophet ( vates ), as preserved by the later antiquarian Aulus Gellius : We have been told that the word Vatican is applied to the hill, and the deity who presides over it, from the vaticinia , or prophecies, which took place there by the power and inspiration of the god; but Marcus Varro, in his book on Divine Things , gives another reason for this name. "As Aius ," says he, "was called

480-592: The town to the Parco di Monte Ciocci . The location has been chosen as trigonometrical station in the Gauss–Boaga cartographic projection , giving rise to the datum Roma 40 . Although it is the highest hill in the modern city of Rome, Monte Mario is not one of the proverbial Seven Hills of Rome , being outside the boundaries of the ancient city. Excavations carried out in the Cartoni estate, close to Monte Mario, have found

504-658: The west side lies the now upmarket district of the same name. Atop one hill is the church and convent of the Madonna del Rosario . On the hilltop, in the site of the 15th-century Villa Mellini, rises the Monte Mario Observatory, part of the Rome Observatory , and the Museo Astronomico Copernicano. This location (12°27'8.4"E ) was used as the prime meridian (rather than Greenwich) for the maps of Italy until

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528-537: Was familiar with Varro's works on ancient Roman theology , mentions this deity three times in The City of God . Vaticanus is more likely to derive in fact from the name of an Etruscan settlement, possibly called Vatica or Vaticum , located in the general area the Romans called vaticanus ager , "Vatican territory". If such a settlement existed, however, no trace of it has been discovered. The consular fasti preserve

552-532: Was known as Mons Vaticanus or Clivus Cinnae (from the name of the Consul Lucius Cornelius Cinna ) during the ancient Roman period. The current name, according to some theories, comes from Mario Mellini , a cardinal who owned a villa (since 1935 the seat of the Museo Astronomico e Copernicano of Rome ) and several hamlets around the hill in the 15th century. A second hypothesis derives

576-704: Was originally a level area between the Vaticanus Mons and the Tiber. During the Republican era , it was an unwholesome site frequented by the destitute. Caligula and Nero used the area for chariot exercises , as at the Gaianum , and renewal was encouraged by the building of the Circus of Nero , also known as the Circus Vaticanus or simply the Vaticanum . The location of tombs near

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