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28-587: The valley includes several nature conservation areas: Vassfaret is characterized by low alpine coniferous forests, heather , and bogs. Down in the lower valley, there are a number of lakes surrounded by forest. In the higher elevations on either side of the valley, the mountains are rocky and weather beaten. The whole valley is not more than about 30 kilometres (19 mi) long. People have worked with logging and timber floating for more than 300 years in this valley. There has been human activity in Vassfaret as early as

56-454: A charm and worked into bridal bouquets . Heather stalks are used by a small industry in Scotland as a raw material for sentimental jewellery. The stalks are stripped of bark, dyed in bright colours and then compressed with resin. Calluna vulgaris herb has been used in the traditional Austrian medicine internally as tea for treatment of disorders of the kidneys and urinary tract. Heather

84-461: A protected area . The intention was to preserve the characteristic flora and fauna of eastern Norway, especially as an area for bears, and for the cultural remains from logging and floating. A special area covering cultural protection covers about 8 square kilometres (3.1 sq mi) within the Inner Vassfaret landscape protection area. Within this area there is logging by the old methods, and

112-458: A characteristic strong taste, and an unusual texture, for it is thixotropic , being a jelly until stirred, when it becomes a syrup like other honey, but then sets again to a jelly. This makes the extraction of the honey from the comb difficult, and it is therefore often sold as comb honey . White heather is regarded in Scotland as being lucky, a tradition brought from Balmoral to England by Queen Victoria and sprigs of it are often sold as

140-478: A fashion must-have. The weekly journal All the Year Round described women wearing the colour as "all flying countryward, like so many migrating birds of purple paradise". Punch magazine published cartoons poking fun at the huge popularity of the colour: “The Mauve Measles are spreading to so serious an extent that it is high time to consider by what means [they] may be checked.” But, because it faded easily,

168-594: A mixture of flavourings used in the brewing of heather-beer during the Middle Ages before the use of hops . Thomas Pennant wrote in A Tour in Scotland (1769) that on the Scottish island of Islay "ale is frequently made of the young tops of heath, mixing two thirds of that plant with one of malt, sometimes adding hops". "Heath Beer" is mentioned in the recipe book of Lady Ann Fanshawe (compiled from 1651). From time immemorial heather has been used for making besoms ,

196-420: A practice recorded in " Buy Broom Buzzems " a song probably written by William Purvis (Blind Willie) (1752–1832) from Newcastle-upon-Tyne , England. Heather honey is a highly valued product in moorland and heathland areas, with many beehives being moved there in late summer. Not always as valued as it is today, it was dismissed as mel improbum , "unwholesome honey" by Dioscurides . Heather honey has

224-409: A wide range of purples, and including reds. The flowering season with different cultivars extends from late July to November in the northern hemisphere. The flowers may turn brown but still remain on the plants over winter, and this can lead to interesting decorative effects. Cultivars with ornamental foliage are usually selected for reddish and golden leaf colour. A few forms can be silvery grey. Many of

252-400: Is also sometimes described as pale violet . The synthetic dye mauve was first so named in 1859. Chemist William Henry Perkin , then 18, was attempting to synthesize quinine in 1856; quinine was used to treat malaria . He noticed an unexpected residue, which turned out to be the first aniline dye. Perkin originally named the dye Tyrian purple after the historical dye, but the product

280-650: Is differentiated from Erica by its corolla and calyx each being in four parts instead of five. Calluna vulgaris is native to Europe , Iceland , the Faroe Islands , and the Azores . It has been introduced into many other places worldwide with suitable climates, including North America , Australia , New Zealand and the Falkland Islands . It is extremely cold- hardy , surviving severe exposure and freezing conditions well below −20 °C (−4 °F). The plant

308-861: Is found widely in Europe and Asia Minor on acidic soils in open sunny situations and in moderate shade. It is the dominant plant in most heathland and moorland in Europe, and in some bog vegetation and acidic pine and oak woodland. It is tolerant of grazing and regenerates following occasional burning, and is often managed in nature reserves and grouse moors by sheep or cattle grazing, and also by light burning. Calluna has small-scale leaves (less than 2–3 mm long) borne in opposite and decussate pairs, whereas those of Erica are generally larger and in whorls of 3–4, sometimes 5. It flowers from July to September. In wild plants these are normally mauve , but white-flowered plants also occur occasionally. They are terminal in racemes with sepal-like bracts at

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336-425: Is seen as iconic of Scotland , where the plant grows widely. When poems like Bonnie Auld Scotland speak of "fragrant hills of purple heather', when the hero of Kidnapped flees through the heather, when heather and Scotland are linked in the same sentence, the heather talked about is Calluna vulgaris . Purple heather is one of the two national flowers of Norway , the other being Saxifraga cotyledon . It

364-589: The mallow flower (French: mauve ). The first use of the word mauve as a color was in 1796–98 according to the Oxford English Dictionary , but its use seems to have been rare before 1859. Another name for the color is mallow , with the first recorded use of mallow as a color name in English in 1611. Mauve contains more gray and more blue than a pale tint of magenta . Many pale wildflowers called "blue" are more accurately classified as mauve. Mauve

392-494: The US. The color displayed at right is the rich tone of mauve called mauve by Crayola . The color displayed at right is the deep tone of mauve that is called mauve by Pourpre.com , a color list widely popular in France . The color displayed at right is opera mauve . The first recorded use of opera mauve as a color name in English was in 1927. The color displayed at right

420-534: The area: This Innlandet location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This Buskerud location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Calluna Calluna vulgaris , common heather , ling , or simply heather , is the sole species in the genus Calluna in the flowering plant family Ericaceae . It is a low-growing evergreen shrub growing to 20 to 50 centimetres (8 to 20 in) tall, or rarely to 1 metre (40 in) and taller, and

448-419: The base with a superior ovary, the fruit a capsule . Unlike Erica , Calluna sometimes sports double flowers . Calluna is sometimes referred to as Summer (or Autumn) heather to distinguish it from winter or spring flowering species of Erica . Phenolic compounds in the shoots of Calluna vulgaris include chlorogenic acid and a novel phenolic glycoside, most of which are found in greater number during

476-487: The logs are transported by horse. Every spring the logs are floated downstream into the Nevlingen river. At the northern end of the Nevlingen river, there are the remains of a farm called Vassfarplassen , where the farmer owned a gun that was nicknamed Vassfarloven , which means "The Law of Vassfaret". In the olden days, it is said that the people of Vassfaret were not very welcoming. A special internal relationship existed in

504-430: The logs past troublesome spots. From 1940-1945 during World War II , especially in the later years of the war, there was intense military activity in Vassfaret. This was the operational base a Resistance group code-named "ELG", and because of this there were many parachute drops there. There are still missing airdrops in the area. By royal decree on 28 June 1985, the Vassfaret and Vidalen valleys were made into

532-533: The ornamental foliage forms change colour with the onset of winter weather, usually increasing in intensity of colour. Some forms are grown for distinctive young spring foliage. The following cultivars have gained the Royal Horticultural Society 's Award of Garden Merit : Heather is an important food source for various sheep and deer which can graze the tips of the plants when snow covers low-growing vegetation. Willow grouse and red grouse feed on

560-424: The success of mauve dye was short-lived; by 1873, it was replaced by other synthetic dyes. As the memory of the original dye soon receded, the contemporary understanding of mauve is as a lighter, less-saturated color than it was originally known. The 1890s are sometimes referred to in retrospect as the " Mauve Decade " because of the popularity of the subtle color among progressive artistic types, both in Europe and

588-426: The summer. The nectar of Calluna vulgaris contains a megastigmane, callunene, that is inhibitory at naturally occurring concentrations to a common trypanosome parasite of bumble bees, Crithidia bombi . Koch et al. elucidate the mechanism of activity that results in the loss of the parasite's flagellum, leading to reduced infectivity, because the flagellum is crucial to anchoring in the insect gut. Calluna

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616-455: The times before the Black Death in 1349. In later ages, there were permanent settlements until 1921, when the last inhabitants left. In all, there are remnants of 12 farms in the valley as well as remnants of some mountain farms in the higher elevations. Numerous artifacts from the logging days are left in the valley including dams, walls constructed by stones out in the rivers, and runs to get

644-509: The valley, but anyone coming from the neighbouring valleys would not expect a friendly welcome. This was especially true when it came to fishing within the valley. The saying was that in the middle of river there was a shallow area; you could row to that point, but if you got any closer, then you were within range of "The Law of Vassfaret" and the owner of that rifle was an excellent marksman, so fishermen had to be wary that they did not got too close. There are several authors who have written about

672-419: The young shoots and seeds of this plant. Both adult and larva of the heather beetle ( Lochmaea suturalis ) feed on it, and can cause extensive mortality in some instances. The larvae of a number of Lepidoptera species also feed on the plant, notably the small emperor moth Saturnia pavonia . Formerly heather was used to dye wool yellow and to tan leather. With malt , heather is an ingredient in gruit ,

700-453: Was chosen as a national flower on the basis of a vote of popularity in a Norwegian radio show in 1976. Calluna vulgaris is the province flower of the Swedish province of Västergötland . Mauve This is an accepted version of this page Mauve ( / ˈ m oʊ v / , mohv ; / ˈ m ɔː v / , mawv ) is a pale purple color named after

728-798: Was introduced to New Zealand and has become an invasive weed in some areas, notably the Tongariro National Park and Mount Ruapehu in the North Island, as well as the Wilderness Reserve (Te Anau) in the South Island, overgrowing native plants. Heather beetles have been released to stop the heather, with preliminary trials successful to date. There are many named cultivars , selected for variation in flower colour and for different foliage colour and growing habits. Different cultivars have flower colours ranging from white, through pink and

756-458: Was renamed mauve after it was marketed in 1859. It is now usually called Perkin's mauve , mauveine , or aniline purple . Earlier references to a mauve dye in 1856–1858 referred to a color produced using the semi-synthetic dye murexide or a mixture of natural dyes. Perkin was so successful in marketing his discovery to the dye industry that his 2000 biography by Simon Garfield is simply entitled Mauve . Between 1859 and 1861, mauve became

784-467: Was separated from the closely related genus Erica by Richard Anthony Salisbury , who devised the generic name Calluna probably from the Ancient Greek Kallyno ([καλλύνω] Error: {{Transliteration}}: transliteration text not Latin script ( help ) ), "beautify, sweep clean", in reference to its traditional use in besoms . The specific epithet vulgaris is Latin for 'common'. Calluna

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