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66-794: Vasai (Konkani and Marathi pronunciation: [ʋəsəi] ; British English: Bassein ; formerly and alternatively Marathi; Bajipur ) is a historical place and city located in Palghar district ; which was partitioned out of the Thana district in 2014. It also forms a part of Vasai-Virar twin cities in the Konkan division , Maharashtra, India , and comes under the Police Jurisdiction of Mira-Bhayander, Vasai-Virar Police Commissionerate. The Portuguese in Goa and Damaon built Fort Bassein to defend their colony and participate in

132-598: A tropical wet and dry climate . The overall climate is equable with high rainfall days and minimal days of extreme temperatures. Temperature in Thane varies from 22°C to 36°C. The region experiences winter temperatures that can drop to as low as 12°C at night, while summer temperatures can ascend to over 40°C at noon. The lowest daytime temperatures are typically observed during the peak of the summer monsoon in July and August, when temperatures can plummet to approximately 25°C. Around 80% of

198-461: A great tourist attraction. The Buddha Stupa near NallaSopara West is also a great historic place. The Nirmal Lake is a sacred place in Vasai, which dates back to Shri Parshuram time. There are hill stations and beaches in the district which are the major tourist attractions. Some of the major tourist attractions are Thane Thane ( Marathi: [ˈʈʰaːɳeː] ; previously known as Thana ,

264-574: A high population growth rate since the 1980s. There are about 12,000 industrial units spread over the eastern part of Vasai. The local railway station is known as Vasai Road . It is a major railway station which bypasses Mumbai and connects the trains coming from Vadodara to Konkan Railway and Pune Junction railway station and further towards cities of Bengaluru and Hyderabad . The Vasai-Virar Municipal Corporation buses run on all major routes and State Transport buses provide long-distance travel to and from Vasai. Besides that, auto rickshaws are

330-502: A posthumous son, who was legal heir to the throne. The newborn infant was named Sawai Madhavrao . Twelve Maratha chiefs, led by Nana Fadnavis , directed an effort to name the infant as the new Peshwa and rule under him as regents . Raghunathrao , unwilling to give up his position of power, sought help from the British at Bombay and signed the Treaty of Surat on 6 March 1775. According to

396-450: A shipyard to manufacture ships and use the fertile land to grow rice, sugarcane, cotton, betel nuts and other crops to trade globally. The presence of the Portuguese significantly shaped the region into what it is today. In 1530 the Portuguese , under António da Silveira, took advantage of its strong navy and pillaged and burnt the village of Vasai (Basai). The army of Gujarat Sultanate

462-556: A shooting location with international hit song ' Hymn for the Weekend ' by British band Coldplay being shot here. According to The Times of India , the video was shot in October 2015 at various Indian cities including Worli Village , Bombay and Kolkata . The fort showcased at the start and in between is the Bassein Fort , also known as Saint Sebastian's Fort, located in Vasai. The video

528-536: A total of 4 main ports, 8 cities, 2 fortified hills, 340 villages and 20 fortresses. This defeat of the Portuguese , combined with Portuguese royal Catherine of Braganza 's wedding dowry of the Seven Islands of Bombay to Charles II of England , led to Bombay overtaking Bajipur (the Maratha name for Vasai) as the dominant economic power in the region. With the British ruling the island of Bombay just south of

594-538: A water catchment area to Mumbai. There are many dams, such as the Tansa Dam , which collect water and deliver to Mumbai through pipelines. There are various debates on if this is damaging to Palghar. Some scholars argue believe this is necessary to meet the water demands of a large-scale city, but others argue that this is depriving Palghar residents of water, many of whom are farmers and have high water needs for agriculture. Palghar has an urban population of 1,435,210, that

660-736: Is 48% of total population is living in Urbanized Area. Palghar District comprises 8 talukas . The talukas, with their populations at the 2001 and 2011 Censuses are as follows: ♦ Vasai ⇒ Vasai ♦ Palghar ⇒ Palghar ♦ Dahanu ⇒ Dahanu , Talasari ♦ Vada ⇒ Vada , Vikramgad ♦ Jawhar ⇒ Jawhar , Mokhada There are six Vidhan Sabha constituencies in Palghar district, grouped into one Lok Sabha constituency; Dahanu (ST) , Vikramgad (ST) , Palghar (ST) , Boisar (ST) , Nalasopara and Vasai constituencies are part of Palghar Lok Sabha constituency . Rajendra Dhedya Gavit from Shiv Sena

726-631: Is Marathi, with widespread understanding and usage of Hindi. Some of the East Indian families in the Khatri ward of Thane still speak Portuguese . About 1,800 of India's approximately 5,000 Jews live in Thane. Languages in Thane (2011) At the time of the 2011 census, 48.50% of the population spoke Marathi , 19.59% Hindi , 12.99% Urdu , 3.93% Gujarati , 2.44% Bhojpuri , 1.37% Kannada , 1.29% Malayalam , 1.21% Bengali , 1.15% Tamil , 1.14% Marwari and 0.94% Konkani as their first language. Cricket

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792-749: Is a railway junction for the Thane- Vashi & Panvel Harbour Line and Central Line. It is one of the busiest stations in India and handles 654,000 passengers daily. Thane railway station will soon be revamped, Work to start soon on Rs 800-crore project. As of January 2021, the MMRDA, the nodal agency for building 300 km of vast Metro network, has proposed a plan to build an elevated depot for three Metro lines : 4 (Wadala-Thane-Kasarvadavali), 4A (Kasarvadavali-Gaimukh) , 10 (Gaimukh-Shivaji Nagar) and 11 (Wadala-General Post Office, CSMT) at one stop. This depot

858-605: Is also home to one of Maharashtra's largest industrial areas at Tarapur MIDC. MSEDCL supplies electricity to all urban and rural areas across the district. Gujarat Gas has been authorized in April 2015 to supply compressed natural gas and piped natural gas to all urban and rural areas across the district. The Vasai Taluka of Palghar district is a melting pot of Multi Cultural & Multi religious populace. The Portuguese footprints has left its cultural mix in this area. This taluka has about 9 big Churches built during 1564 AD. which are

924-492: Is also popular. Movies like Munna Michael , Thackeray (film) , Zero (2018 film) had few scenes that were shot here. Vasai has a tropical climate , specifically a tropical wet and dry climate (Aw) under the Köppen climate classification , with seven months of dryness and peak of rains in July. This moderate climate consists of high rainfall days and very few days of extreme temperatures. The cooler season from December to February

990-651: Is bounded by Thane and Nashik districts in the east and northeast, and by the Valsad district of Gujarat state and the Dadra and Nagar Haveli district of the Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu union territory in the north. The Arabian Sea forms the western boundary, while the whole district falls under the fastest developing northern part of Mumbai Metropolitan Region . Basically people of Palghar District population are belongs to Tribal-Konkni, Warli, koli, Agri.. Hemant Savara ( BJP ) ( Palghar ) Until 1 August 2014,

1056-617: Is followed by the summer season from March to June. The period from June to about the end of September constitutes the south-west monsoon season, and October and November form the post-monsoon season. The driest days are in winter while the wettest days occur in July. Between June and September, the south-west monsoon rains lash the region. Pre-monsoon showers are received in May. Occasionally, monsoon showers occur in October and November. The average total annual rainfall averages between 2,000 and 2,500 mm (79 and 98 in). Annually, over 80% of

1122-463: Is known for their chickoo production, which is distributed throughout all of India. A special Chickoo festival is held every year at Bordi beach in Dahanu. Satpati , also in 'bandarpatti, is Maharashtra's largest fishing port. Dahanu, Arnala, Vasai and Datiware a re also major fishing ports in the region. Palghar has India's first atomic power plant located at Tarapur . The industrial town of Boisar

1188-548: Is one of the Bollywood songs. Movies such as Josh , starring Shah Rukh Khan , was shot in St. Francis Xavier's Church, Giriz and at the Bassein Fort and Love Ke Liye Kuch Bhi Karega had a number of scenes from the Bassein Fort . Other films shot here include Khamoshi: The Musical and Ram Gopal Verma's Aag . In April 2017, some scenes from Bhoomi , starring Sanjay Dutt , were shot around 'Parnaka' area in Vasai. The Madhuban road

1254-1227: Is proposed at Mogharpada, Thane. The total project cost is estimated to be ₹ 596.60 crore. As of 2019, Wadala and Thane are being connected through a Metro line . On 26 August 2015, the MMRDA sanctioned ₹354 billion for 118 km Mumbai metro network. This includes a 40-km Wadala - Ghatkopar -Thane-Kasarvadavali Metro-4 corridor via Wadala GPO and R.A.Kidwai Marg costing ₹120 billion. Thane Municipal Corporation started its transport service on 9 February 1989, known as Thane Municipal Transport (TMT). TMT provides services in Thane city and suburbs like Mulund, Borivali, Mira Road, Nala Sopara, Vasai, Bhiwandi and Navi Mumbai, among others. Navi Mumbai Municipal Transport (NMMT) operates AC and Non-AC buses from Thane Cidco Bus Stand to various parts of Navi Mumbai (Airoli, Rabale, Ghansoli, Mahape, Kopar Khairane, Vashi, Turbhe, Nerul, Belapur, Kharghar, Kalamboli, Panvel) and also to Purna (via Kalher) and Bhiwandi (via Mankoli). Mira-Bhayandar Municipal Transport (MBMT) started from 2006. The buses ply from Dahisar Check naka towards Versova [Thane] Check naka. So till now majority of MBMT buses can be taken up at

1320-415: Is the member for Palghar of the 17th Lok Sabha . At the time of the 2011 census, Palghar district had a population of 2,990,116, of which 1,561,438 (52.22%) lived in urban areas. Palghar had a sex ratio of 934 females per 1000 males. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes made up 2.91% and 37.39% of the population respectively. Languages in Palghar diatrict (2011) According to the 2011 census, 61.96% of

1386-609: Is the most popular sport in Thane. Dadoji Kondadev Stadium , a sports arena of cricket is present in the city. Thane comes under jurisdiction of Mumbai Cricket Association , the governing body for cricket in Mumbai. Its players play for the Mumbai cricket team in Indian domestic cricket. Thana was the terminus for the first ever passenger train in Asia . On 16 April 1853, the passenger train service

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1452-673: Is the primary business. These areas mainly cultivate rice, millet, and black gram, as well as a variety of fruits and vegetables. Due to Palghar district's proximity to Mumbai, the region is primary source of produce and grains to the Mumbai Metropolitan Area . The dependency on the district has led the Government of Maharashtra to encourage organic farming in Palghar in order to ensure agricultural output and work towards sustainable options. The western 'bandarpatti' region's economy relies on in agricultural and fishing businesses. Dahanu

1518-455: Is themed on the Indian festival of Holi . The video was filmed by Ben Mor and was released on 29 January 2016. The video features Beyoncé and Indian actress Sonam Kapoor . The music video was criticized on Indian social media for its stereotypical portrayal of Indian society and alleged disrespecting of Indian idols on the note of Beyoncé 's inappropriate clothing. The video has over 960 million views on YouTube as of July 2018, becoming

1584-576: The 2011 Census , the talukas now comprising the district had a population of 2,990,116. Palghar has an urban population of 1,435,210, that is 48% of total population is living in Urbanized Area. Palghar has all the three categories of the lifestyles, Urban (Nagari), Coastal (Sagari) and Mountains-Hilly Region (Dongari). Palghar District is blessed by beautiful beaches as it is the part of konkan such as "Shirgaon Beach", "Kelve Beach", "Vadrai Beach", "Dahanu Beach", "Bordi Beach", "Chinchani Beach", "Arnala Beach", "Rajodi Beach", "Suruchi Beach" etc. The district

1650-602: The British Bengal Presidency , Warren Hastings , rejected the treaty on the grounds that the Bombay officials had no legal power to sign it. He ordered Goddard to secure British interests in the area. Goddard captured Bassein on 11 December 1780. The city was renamed from Bajipur to Bassein under British rule . In 1801, Yashwantrao Holkar rebelled against the rival factions of the Maratha Empire . He defeated

1716-680: The Chalukya dynasty of Karnataka . Until the 11th century, several Arabian geographers had mentioned references to towns nearby Vasai, like Thana and Sopara , but no references had been made to Vasai. Vasai was later ruled by the Silhara dynasty of Konkan and eventually passed to the Seuna dynasty . It was head of district under the Seuna (1184–1318). Later being conquered by the Gujarat Sultanate , where it

1782-640: The Maratha Peshwa of Pune (Poona), in India after the Battle of Poona . The treaty was a decisive step in the dissolution of the Maratha Empire and the expansion of British rule over the Indian subcontinent . The eastern part of Vasai is highly industrialized, with small- and medium-scale units producing a wide variety of goods. Contributed by more affordable housing and its close proximity to Mumbai, Vasai has maintained

1848-598: The Maratha Empire in 1776, the British Bombay Presidency decided to invade and reinstate Raghunathrao . They sent a force under Colonel Egerton , but were defeated. The British were forced to sign the Treaty of Wadgaon on 16 January 1779, a victory for the Marathas . Reinforcements from northern India, commanded by Colonel Thomas Goddard, arrived too late to save the Bombay force. The British Governor-General in

1914-465: The Maratha Empire . The East India Company occupied Salsette Island , Thana Fort, Fort Versova and the island fort of Karanja in start of First Anglo-Maratha War but after short time it were recaptured by the forces of Haripant Phadke and Tukoji Holkar . It remained under control of the Maratha Empire until Second Anglo-Maratha War . Thane has a tropical monsoon climate that borders on

1980-705: The Mumbai Metropolitan Region , near the edge of suburban Mumbai . The history of Vasai dates back to the ancient Puranic ages. Vasai was a trading ground for many Greek , Arab , Persian and Roman traders and merchants who would enter through the west coast of India . The Greek merchant Cosma Indicopleustes is known to have visited the areas around Vasai in the 6th century and the Chinese traveler Xuanzang later on June or July 640. According to historian José Gerson da Cunha , during this time, Bassein and its surrounding areas appeared to have been ruled by

2046-581: The Portuguese . Despite bringing fewer soldiers, the Portuguese managed to kill most of the enemy while losing only a few of their own. The Treaty of Bassein was signed by Bahadur Shah of Gujarat and the Kingdom of Portugal on 23 December 1534 while on board the galleon São Mateus. Based on the terms of the agreement, the Portuguese Empire gained control of the village of Basai as well as its territories, islands and seas including Bombay . The village

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2112-649: The Subodh Bible , a translation of the Bible to Marathi . Palghar district On 1 Aug 2014, the State government of Maharashtra announced the formation of the 36th district of Maharashtra Palghar , it was partitioned out of the Thane district . Palghar District starts from Dahanu at the north and ends at Naigaon . It comprises the talukas of Palghar , Vada , Vikramgad , Jawhar , Mokhada , Dahanu , Talasari and Vasai . At

2178-626: The Western Ghats , or Sahyadri mountains, is called jangalapatti . This mainly encompasses the Jawhar, Mokhada, and Vikramgad talukas. The western part of the mountains district is called bandarpatti which includes Vasai, Palghar, Dahanu. The third section is characterized by broad and flat land, including the Wada taluka. The main river flowing through the district is the Vaitarna. The river has many tributaries;

2244-453: The fort walls and Maratha warriors stationed in the west isolated them further. In the 18th century, Vasai Fort was attacked by the Maratha Empire under Peshwa Baji Rao 's brother Chimaji Appa and the Portuguese surrendered on 16 May 1739 after the Battle of Vasai (Baçaim) . The Marathas allowed the women and the children of the enemy to leave peacefully. The Portuguese lost

2310-494: The 2011 census is 1,886,941. The average literacy rate of Thane city is 91.36 percent for where male and female literacy was 94.19 and 88.14 percent respectively. The sex ratio of Thane city is 882 females per 1000 males. Child sex ratio is 900 girls per 1000 boys. Total children (0–6) in Thane city are 186,259 as per Census India report on 2011. There were 98,017 boys while 88,242 are girls. Children form 10.24% of total population of Thane City. The primary language spoken in Thane

2376-560: The Check naka only. MBMT has started new services to Thane City from January 2010. Vasai Virar Municipal Transport (VVMT) operates two routes in Thane. First from Vasai to Mulund Via Thane/Ghodbunder road and second from Nala Sopara to Thane Kopri. A light rail network covering 42 km has been proposed in three phases. In the first phase, consultants have suggested connectivity between Balkum and Kolshet via Naupada. It will be 16.05 km long with 14.65 km elevated, and only 1.4 km on

2442-401: The Treaty of Vasai in 1534. This name was again changed after over 200 years to Bajipur after the Maratha Empire took over the region. This name was also short-lived as after the capture of Bajipur (the Maratha name for Vasai) by the British , the name was changed yet again to Bassein . During this same time, Bombay took over Bassein as the dominant economic power in the region. The town

2508-510: The Vasai Creek, the region's prominence as a trade centre in India became increasingly overshadowed by Bombay . After the death of Madhavrao I in 1772, his brother Narayan Rao became Peshwa of the Maratha Empire . Narayan Rao was the fifth Peshwa of the Maratha Empire from November 1772 until his murder by his palace guards in August 1773. Narayan Rao 's widow, Gangabai, gave birth to

2574-451: The city was called "Thana", the British spelling of the city, until it was replaced with the more-local name. A copper plate dating to AD 1078 was discovered near the foundations of Thane Fort in 1787. A land grant from Arikesara Devaraja, lord of Tagara , wherein he addresses the inhabitants of a city called "Sri Sthanaka". For a long time, it was a military training and recruitment center of

2640-529: The coast of Basai was first visited by the Portuguese in 1509, when Francisco de Almeida on his way to Diu captured a Muslim ship in the harbour of Bombay , with 24 citizens of the Gujarat Sultanate aboard. To the Portuguese , Basai was an important trading centre located on the Arabian Sea . They saw it as a vital service station that would give them access to global sea routes and goods such as salt, fish, timber and mineral resources. They wanted to build

2706-715: The combined forces of the Daulat Rao Scindia and Peshwa Baji Rao II in the Battle of Poona and captured Poona ( Pune ). Peshwa Baji Rao II eventually took refuge in Bassein, where the British had a stronghold. The Bassein Fort played a strategic role in the First Anglo-Maratha War . The Treaty of Bassein (1802) was signed on 31 December 1802 between the British East India Company and Baji Rao II ,

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2772-401: The daily mean minimum temperature ranges from 17.5 to 26.4 °C (63.5 to 79.5 °F). In winter, temperature ranges between 12–25 °C (54–77 °F) while summer temperature ranges from 36–41 °C (97–106 °F). Francis D'Britto (4 December 1943 – 25 July 2024) was an Indian Catholic priest, writer, and environmental activist from Vasai , Mumbai. He was the author of

2838-445: The entire northern part of the district. In Palghar many students come for studying from outer areas. Ulhas river which flows to Arabian sea is Vasai creek, district's southern border. Arnala Island is located in Vasai taluka, at the entrance to the Vaitarna estuary. The Palghar district gets some of the most rainfall in all of Maharashtra, an average 3000 mm (118 in) every year. Given its proximity to Mumbai, Palghar serves as

2904-710: The fort, although the quality of the work has been severely criticized by conservation activists. In August 2010 a wall of the fort collapsed, raising questions about the quality of the work. There are also three well-known religious sites including the Vajreshwari Temple , St. Francis Xavier's Church, Giriz and the Datta Mandir of Dongri. There are various festivals tourists come to visit. There are famous and peaceful beaches are also located such as Suruchi beach, Bena beach, Rangaon beach, Bhuigaon beach, Kalamb beach, Rajodi beach, Navapur, etc. Vasai gained popularity as

2970-563: The lucrative spice trade and the silk route that converged in the area. Much of Portuguese Bombay and Bassein was seized by Marathas under Peshva rule, at the Battle of Bassein in 1739. The British East India Company at Bombay then took the area from the Mahratta Empire in 1780; following the First Anglo-Maratha War . The present name Vasai is derived from the Sanskrit word Waas , meaning 'dwelling' or 'residence'. The name

3036-410: The main source of transport in the region. Indian Railways introduced a local train service in the Mumbai Metropolitan Region in 1867. The upgraded local train runs between Virar and Churchgate and has a frequency of a train every 4 minutes. The Vasai Fort , originally built in 1184, is a major tourist attraction in the region. The Archaeological Survey of India has started restoration work of

3102-581: The most important of them are Barvi and Bhatsa , Pinjal, Surya , Daherja and Tansa . Vaitarna, the largest of Konkan Rivers rises in the Trimbakeshwar hills in Nashik district, opposite to the source of Godavari . The river flows across Shahapur , Vada and Palghar talukas and enter the Arabian Sea through a wide estuary off Arnala. Vaitarna River is 154 km long and has a drainage area that practically covers

3168-509: The official name until 1996 ) is a metropolitan city located on the northwestern side of the state of Maharashtra in India and on the northeastern side of Mumbai . It is an immediate neighbour of Mumbai city proper, and a part of the Mumbai Metropolitan Region . It is situated in the north-eastern portion of the Salsette Island . Thane city is situated entirely within Thane taluka , one of

3234-509: The population spoke Marathi , 15.33% Hindi , 6.12% Varli , 5.61% Gujarati , 1.76% Urdu , 1.75% Bhojpuri and 1.01% Marwari as their first language. The Western Railway network passes through Vasai, Palghar and Dahanu talukas of the district. The Western Express Highway (NH48) has passed through manor and chilhar for enter in Palghar district. In the mountainous regions of the Palghar district, such as in Jawhar and Mokhada , agriculture

3300-547: The presence of the Portuguese made the surrounding area a vibrant and opulent village. The local ethnic community were called 'Norteiro' (Northern men), named after the Court of the North functioning out of the fort . In 1674, about 600 Arab pirates from Muscat entered Baçaim via the west and pillaged the churches in Baçaim. The unexpected attack weakened the Portuguese control outside

3366-583: The revenues of the Salsette and Bharuch districts were retained by the British . The British Bombay Presidency rejected this new treaty and gave refuge to Raghunathrao . In 1777, Nana Fadnavis violated his treaty with the British Supreme Council of Bengal by granting the French a port on west coast. The British retaliated by sending a force towards Pune . Following a treaty between France and

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3432-446: The second most-viewed music video for Coldplay (after " Something Just like This "). Another hit song ' Lean On ' by EDM group Major Lazer and DJ Snake was shot in Vasai in March 2015. It has more than 2 billion views on YouTube . The Bassein Fort is also a popular shooting location for Bollywood movies and songs. The Bollywood hit ″ Kambakkht Ishq ″ from Pyaar Tune Kya Kiya

3498-521: The seven talukas of Thane district. It serves as the headquarters of the district. Thane city ranks as the 15th most populous city in India, with a population of 1,890,000 according to the 2011 census. The ancient name of Thana was Śrīsthāna . It appears as Thāna in early medieval Arab sources. The name Thane has been variously Romanised as Tana , Thana , Thâṇâ , and Thame . Ibn Battuta and Abulfeda knew it as Kukin   Tana ; Duarte Barbosa as Tana   Mayambu . Before 1996 ,

3564-411: The son of Meliqueaz , the governor of Diu , Malik Tokan was fortifying Basai with 14,000 men. Seeing this fortification as a threat, Nano da Cunha assembled a fleet of 150 ships with 4000 men and sailed to north of Basai. Upon seeing the naval superiority of the Portuguese , Malik Tokan attempted to initiate a peace agreement with Nano da Cunha . Upon rejection, Malik Tokan was forced to fight against

3630-635: The south and hilly Vaitarna valley on the north together with plateaus and the slopes of Sahyadri . From the steep slopes of the Sahyadri in the east, the land falls through a succession of plateaus in the north and centre of the district to the Ulhas valley in the south. The distance from the parts of different palaces to headquarters Palghar by road is as follows: Khodala 138 km, Mokhada 112 km, Jawhar 75 km, Vikramgad 60 km. Palghar can be separated into three geographical regions. The Eastern part of

3696-534: The talukas now comprising Palghar District formed a part of Thane District. After a struggle and demand for almost 25 years, for bifurcation, the creation of the new district was approved by the Cabinet of Maharashtra on 13 June 2014 and the new district of Palghar came into existence on 1 August. The district is the northernmost part of the Konkan lowlands of Maharashtra. It comprises the wide amphitheater like Ulhas basin on

3762-419: The total annual rainfall is concentrated in the period from June to October. The average annual rainfall is recorded at 2000–2500mm, and the humidity level ranges from 61% to 86%, rendering the area a humid zone. Thane has been ranked 12th best “National Clean Air City” (under Category 1 >10L Population cities) in India according to 'Swachh Vayu Survekshan 2024 Results' The population of Thane according to

3828-460: The total rainfall is experienced during June to October. Average humidity is 61-86%, making it a humid climate zone. The temperature varies from 22–36 °C (72–97 °F). The average temperature is 26.6 °C (79.9 °F), and the average precipitation is 2,434 mm (95.8 in). The average minimum temperature is 22.5 °C (72.5 °F). The daily mean maximum temperature range from 28.4 to 33.4 °C (83.1 to 92.1 °F), while

3894-483: The treaty, Raghunathrao ceded the territories of Salsette and Vasai to the British , along with part of the revenues from the Surat and Bharuch districts. In return, the British promised to provide Raghunathrao with 2,500 soldiers. The treaty was later annulled by the British Supreme Council of Bengal and replaced by the Treaty of Purandar on 1 March 1776. Raghunathrao was pensioned and his cause abandoned, but

3960-513: Was renamed to Vasai , the Marathi name for the region, following the devolution of the British Raj in India . English: Bassein; Portuguese: Baçaim), Vasai is called Vasaikar in Marathi , in which the suffix kar means 'resident of'. The term had been in use since the official renaming of Bassein to Vasai. The Vasaikar diaspora outside of Maharashtra state, as well as outside of India , refer to themselves as from Mumbai due to its international recognition and Vasai being located within

4026-405: Was changed to Basai , which was named under Bahadur Shah of Gujarat after the Gujarat Sultanate took over the region. This is also the first Latinized record of the name, which was spelled as Baxay by Barbosa (1514). The name was short-lived as it was changed under Portuguese rule, approximately two decades later, to Baçaim (also the first official Latin name) following the signing of

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4092-439: Was inaugurated between Bori Bunder (Bombay) and Thane. Covering a distance of 34 km (21 mi), it was hauled by three locomotives: Sahib , Sindh and Sultan . The Thane viaducts, the first railway bridges, were built over the Thane creek when the Mumbai-Thane line was extended to Kalyan in May 1854. Thane is connected with neighbouring suburbs through Central and Trans-Harbour Line Suburban railway network. Thane

4158-426: Was named Basai , a few years later Barbosa (1514) described it under the name Baxay (pronounced Basai) as a town with a good seaport belonging to the King of Gujarat . In 1295, Italian explorer Marco Polo passed through Vasai. The Portuguese first reached the west coast of India when the Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama landed at Calicut in 1498. According to historian Manuel de Faria e Sousa ,

4224-457: Was not strong enough for the Portuguese forces and, despite resistance, the Sultan of Gujarat was eventually defeated. In 1531 António set fire to Basai yet again as punishment for the Sultan for not ceding Diu , a vital island that would protect trade in the region. In 1533, Diogo (Heitor) da Silveira set fire to the western coast leading from Bandora through Thana and Basai to Surat . Portuguese General Nuno da Cunha discovered that

4290-412: Was renamed to Baçaim and became the northern capital of Portuguese territories in India. Garcia de Sá was later appointed as the first Captain (governor) of Baçaim by his brother-in-law Nuno da Cunha in 1536, who ruled until 1548 when the governorship was passed onto Jorge Cabral . The first cornerstone for the Bassein Fort was laid by António Galvão . Under Portuguese rule , the Fort Bassein

4356-534: Was the Northern Court, or 'Corte da Norte', functioning as the headquarters of the Court of the North. Baçaim became the capital of the Northern Province, the most productive village of Portuguese India and became a resort for Portuguese 'fidalgos' (noblemen and wealthy merchants). A great Portuguese person would be called 'Fidalgo ou Cavalheiro de Baçaim' ( Nobleman of Baçaim ). By 1674, the Portuguese constructed 2 colleges, 4 convent schools and 15 churches in total in Baçaim's territories. For approximately 205 years,

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