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55-571: Valtiberina is bordered to the west by Alpe di Catenaia and to the east by Alpe della Luna . The description of the valley made between the 1st and 2nd centuries AD is very famous. by Pliny the Younger (61-113) in a letter written to his friend Apollinare. Pliny had his favorite villa in Valtiberina and thus describes the landscape: The appearance of the town is beautiful: imagine an immense amphitheater which only nature can create. [...] Although there

110-646: A Broken Limb . Another key pattern has him meditating on an open book in which the Christ Child himself appears, as in the El Greco below. Over time the child came to be shown considerably larger than the book and some images even do without the book entirely. He typically appears carrying the infant Jesus and holding a cross. In popular votive offerings , Anthony is often depicted as miraculously saving individuals in various accidents. The Austrian composer Gustav Mahler 's song cycle Des Knaben Wunderhorn contains

165-466: A Franciscan would be the homilist . In this quandary, the head of the hermitage, who did not think any of his own humble friars could give a homily for the occasion, called upon Anthony, whom he suspected was most qualified, and entreated him to speak whatever the Holy Spirit might inspire. Anthony objected, but was overruled, and his impromptu sermon created a deep impression on his audience. His audience

220-495: A cell one of the friars had made in a nearby cave, spending time in private prayer and study. In 1222, in the town of Forlì , a number of visiting Dominican friars were present for the occasion of an ordination, and a misunderstanding arose over who should preach. The Franciscans had expected that one of the Dominicans would occupy the pulpit, being renowned for their preaching. However, the Dominicans had come unprepared, thinking

275-589: A cultural landscape with very high tourist potential, characterized by the sequence of its landscapes that from the sources of the Tiber passes to the Rognosi Mountains, where the alkalinity of the rocks makes the vegetation sparse, to the Alpe di Catenaria and the Alpe della Luna, from the sides covered with chestnut trees to which oak and beech trees are added, up to the monumentality of geo-morphological exceptionality such as

330-565: A half-starved mule and showed it fresh fodder . Saint Anthony showed the mule the monstrance containing the Blessed Sacrament. The mule ignored the fodder and bowed before the Blessed Sacrament. The Tempietto of Sant'Antonio marks the spot where the miracle took place. Other versions of this miracle place it in Toulouse or Bourges . Another account tells of an occasion in Italy when Anthony

385-431: A live body; a further claim being made that this was a sign of his gift of preaching. On 1 January 1981, Pope John Paul II authorized a scientific team to study Anthony's remains and the tomb was opened five days later. Anthony was canonized by Pope Gregory IX on 30 May 1232, at Spoleto , Italy, less than one year after his death. In the words of Pope Benedict XVI : The richness of spiritual teaching contained in

440-738: A marriage saint, because legends exist of him reconciling couples. His feast day, 13 June, is Lisbon's municipal holiday, celebrated with parades and marriages (the previous day, 12 June, is the Dia dos Namorados in Brazil). He is one of the saints celebrated in the Brazilian Festa Junina , along with John the Baptist and Saint Peter . He is venerated in Mogán Village in Gran Canaria , where his feast day

495-469: A small Payaya Indian community along what was then known as the Yanaguana River on the feast day of Saint Anthony, 13 June. The Franciscan chaplain, Father Damien Massanet, with agreement from General Domingo de Teran, renamed the rivers in his honor, and eventually built a mission nearby , as well. This mission became the focal point of a small community that eventually grew in size and scope to become

550-507: A small town near Naples , where the tradition of honoring Saint Anthony goes back to 1688. Each year the Sandia Pueblo along with Santa Clara Pueblo celebrates the feast day of Saint Anthony with traditional Native American dances. On 27 January 1907, in Beaumont, Texas , a church was dedicated and named in honor of Saint Anthony. The church was later designated a cathedral in 1966 with

605-425: A strong distrust of the place of theological studies in the life of his brotherhood , fearing it might lead to an abandonment of their commitment to a life of real poverty and service. In Anthony, however, he found a kindred spirit who shared his vision and could also provide the teaching any young members of the order seeking ordination might need. In 1224, he entrusted the pursuit of studies for any of his friars to

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660-646: A year after his death. He was proclaimed a Doctor of the Church by Pope Pius XII on 16 January 1946. Anthony was born Fernando Martins de Bulhões in Lisbon , Portugal . While 15th-century writers state that his parents were Vicente Martins and Teresa Pais Taveira, and that his father was the brother of Pedro Martins de Bulhões, the ancestor of the Bulhão or Bulhões family, Niccolò Dal-Gal views this as less certain. His wealthy and noble family arranged for him to be instructed at

715-573: Is an abundance of water, there are no swamps because the sloping land drains the water it has received and not absorbed into the Tiber [...]; the ground rises so smoothly and with an almost insensitive slope that, while you feel like you haven't climbed, you're already on top. Behind you have the Apennines […]. You know now why I prefer my villa “in Tuscis” to the one in Tuscolo, Tivoli and Preneste. In recent times,

770-509: Is celebrated every year with oversized objects carried through the streets for the fiesta. In Albania , the Franciscans arrived in 1240 spreading the word of Saint Anthony (Shna Ndou) . The St. Anthony Church, Laç ( Albanian : Kisha e Shna Ndout or Kisha e Laçit ) in Laç was built in his honor. Saint Anthony is one of the most important saints amongst Albanians and the pilgrimage to his church

825-559: Is dedicated to St. Anthony and houses an ancient wooden statue believed to have been carved by one of the crew. In Kerala, where Vasco da Gama had landed in 1498 and where the Portuguese had their first stations in India some of the most ancient churches were renamed after St. Antony and new churches were dedicated to him. In the Philippines , the devotion to St. Anthony of Padua began in 1581, in

880-453: Is done yearly by a considerable number of Eastern Orthodox and Muslim Albanians as well. Saint Anthony lived and died during the episcopates of Eastern Orthodox Patriarch Mark III of Alexandria and Patriarch Nicholas I of Alexandria , both of whom still maintained communion with the Pope of Rome. In the town of Brusciano , Italy, located near Naples, an annual feast in honor of Saint Anthony

935-405: Is held in late August. This tradition dates back to 1875. The tradition started when a man prayed to Saint Anthony for his sick son to get better. He vowed that if his son would become healthy he would build and dance a giglio like the people of Nola do for their patron San Paolino during the annual Fest Dei Gigli. (A giglio is a tall tower topped with a statue of the saint that is carried through

990-506: Is held that day through the streets of its South Village neighborhood, during which a relic of the saint is carried for veneration . Each year on the weekend of the last Sunday in August, Boston's North End holds a feast in honor of Saint Anthony. Referred to as the "Feast of All Feasts", Saint Anthony's Feast in Boston's North End was begun in 1919 by Italian immigrants from Montefalcione ,

1045-591: Is possible to use natural gas heating in buildings from 15 October to 15 April for 14 hours a day. Alpe della Luna The Alpe della Luna (" Alp of the Moon") is a mountain massif in the northern Apennine Mountains of central Italy . It is situated across the boundaries of Tuscany , Marche , Umbria . It is part of Appennino tosco-romagnolo . Its highest peaks are the Monte dei Frati , at 1,453 m above sea level, and Monte Maggiore (1,384 m). The sources of

1100-559: Is said to be preserved in a special reliquary, which is located in a glass case together with a statue of the saint, at the entrance to the church. Antonianism ( Portuguese : antonianismo ) was a syncretic Bakongo Catholic movement formed in the Kingdom of Kongo between 1704 and 1708 as a development out of the Roman Catholic Church in Kongo , yet without denying the authority of

1155-563: Is said to be preserved in the Franciscan friary in Bologna. Occasionally, Anthony took another post as a teacher at universities like University of Montpellier and University of Toulouse in southern France, but his preaching was considered to be his supreme gift. According to historian Sophronius Clasen, Anthony preached "the grandeur of Christianity". His method included allegory and symbolical explanation of scripture. In 1226, after attending

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1210-559: The Metauro , Marecchia (on the Adriatic Sea -facing slopes) and Tiber River tributaries (on the Tyrrhenian Sea side) are located in the massif area. The Alpe della Luna is composed mostly of marlstone and sandstone . The wildlife is that typical of the Apennines. On the site of Montecasale is an old monastery visited several times by Saint Francis of Assisi . In the same area is

1265-447: The Pope . Its founder was a young charismatic woman named Beatriz Kimpa Vita who said she was possessed by Saint Anthony of Padua. Beatriz became known for healing and other miracles. It was eventually suppressed by King Pedro IV of Kongo , and Dona Beatriz was burned at the stake as a heretic. As the number of Franciscan saints increased, iconography struggled to distinguish Anthony from

1320-595: The Sermons was so great that in 1946 Venerable Pope Pius XII proclaimed Anthony a Doctor of the Church, attributing to him the title Doctor evangelicus , since the freshness and beauty of the Gospel emerge from these writings. Anthony's fame spread through Portuguese evangelization, and he has been known as the most celebrated of the followers of Francis of Assisi. He is the patron saint of Padua and many places in Portugal and in

1375-446: The general chapter of his order held at Arles , France, and preaching in the region of Provence , Anthony returned to Italy and was appointed Provincial superior of northern Italy. He chose the city of Padua as his location. In 1228, he served as envoy from the general chapter to Pope Gregory IX . At the papal court , his preaching was hailed as a "jewel case of the Bible " and he

1430-417: The invention of the printing press , any book was hand-copied , and thus, an item of high value; a Franciscan friar in particular, given his vow of poverty, would have found such an item difficult to replace. When Anthony realized his psalter was missing, he prayed it would be found or returned, after which the thief was moved to not only return the book to Anthony, but also return to the order. The stolen book

1485-722: The mule in Rimini that allegedly bowed down to him holding the Eucharist . In 1511, Titian painted three large frescoes in the Scuola del Santo in Padua, depicting scenes of the miracles from the life of Saint Anthony: The Miracle of the Jealous Husband , which depicts the murder of a young woman by her husband; A Child Testifying to Its Mother's Innocence ; and The Saint Healing the Young Man with

1540-504: The Sasso di Simone and the nearby Simoncello. Historically, Valtiberina has a medium-high level of seismicity. Among the earthquakes of the past, the strongest with ML between 5 and 6 were those of 1352–1353, 1358, 1389, 1458, 1558, 1694, 1781, 1789, 1917, of 1948, known as the Sansepolcro earthquake. More recently, there have been tremors in 1997 and 2001 with ML slightly higher than 4. In 1997,

1595-399: The Tiber valley offers an incredible variety of landscapes, punctuated by a dense network of assets historical-architectural and natural emergencies, which are accompanied by the richness of an intangible culture made up of ancient traditions, legends, festivals and popular festivals, and a cuisine that ranges from a spartan simplicity to the exclusive delicacy of its truffles. We are faced with

1650-416: The care of Anthony. The traditional practice of praying for St. Anthony's help in finding lost or stolen things is traced to an incident during his lifetime that occurred in Bologna. According to the story, Anthony had a book of psalms that was important to him, as it contained his notes and comments for use in teaching his students. A novice who had chosen to leave had taken the psalter with him. Prior to

1705-480: The church wherein a snake was disrupting construction work. The people turned to St. Anthony for help and placed his statue at the construction site. The next morning, the snake was found caught in the cord placed in the statue's hand. St. Anthony's Shrine, Kochchikade , located in Sri Lanka , is dedicated to the saint. The church is designated a national shrine and minor basilica. A tiny piece of St. Anthony's tongue

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1760-497: The countries of the former Portuguese Empire . He is especially invoked and venerated all over the world as the patron saint for the recovery of lost items and is credited with many miracles involving lost people, lost things and even lost spiritual goods. St. Anthony Chaplets help devotees to meditate on the thirteen virtues of the saint. Some of these chaplets were used by members of confraternities that had Anthony as their patron saint. In 1692, Spanish missionaries came across

1815-466: The death of Anthony. One holds that when he died, children cried in the streets and all the church bells rang of their own accord. According to another legend, when he was initially buried his tongue, jaw, and vocal cords were chosen as relics for veneration and displayed in a large reliquary . When his body was exhumed 30 years after his death, it was found turned to dust, but the tongue was claimed to have glistened and looked as if it were still part of

1870-518: The early 1900s. In Poland , he is the patron saint of Przeworsk . The icon of Saint Anthony, dating from 1649, is housed in a local Franciscan church, Kaplica Świętego Antoniego w Przeworsku  [ pl ] . Saint Anthony is honored in Uvari , in Tamil Nadu , India, where legend holds that the crew of a Portuguese ship was cured of cholera through the intercession of St. Anthony. The local church

1925-491: The formation of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Beaumont , but was not formally consecrated. On 28 April 1974, St. Anthony Cathedral was dedicated and consecrated by Bishop Warren Boudreaux. In 2006, Pope Benedict XVI granted the cathedral the designation of minor basilica. St. Anthony Cathedral Basilica celebrated its 100th anniversary on 28 January 2007. St. Anthony gives his name to Mission San Antonio de Padua ,

1980-627: The friars, whose order had been founded only 11 years prior. News arrived that five Franciscans had been beheaded in Morocco , the first of their order to be killed . King Afonso II of Portugal ransomed their bodies to be returned and buried as martyrs in the Monastery of the Holy Cross . Inspired by their example, Fernando obtained permission from church authorities to leave the Canons Regular to join

2035-593: The late 12th century—near a convent he had founded in 1229. Because of his notability, the construction of a large church, now the Basilica of Saint Anthony of Padua , was begun around 1232 and completed in 1301. The smaller church was incorporated into the structure as the Cappella della Madonna Mora or Chapel of the Dark Madonna. Today the basilica is commonly referred to as "Il Santo" (The Saint). Various legends also surround

2090-546: The local cathedral school . At the age of 15, he was received into the Canons Regular of the Order of the Holy Cross at the Abbey of Saint Vincent on the outskirts of Lisbon. In 1212, distracted by frequent visits from family and friends, he asked to be transferred to the motherhouse of the congregation, the Monastery of the Holy Cross in Coimbra , then the capital of Portugal. There,

2145-566: The monastery of Fragaiolo. This area was attended by Saint Anthony of Padua too. 43°39′N 12°10′E  /  43.650°N 12.167°E  / 43.650; 12.167 Anthony of Padua Anthony of Padua , OFM , ( Portuguese : António/Antônio de Pádua ; Italian : Antonio di/da Padova ; Latin : Antonius Patavinus ) or Anthony of Lisbon ( Portuguese : António/Antônio de Lisboa ; Italian : Antonio da/di Lisbona ; Latin : Antonius Olisiponensis ; born Fernando Martins de Bulhões ; 15 August 1195 – 13 June 1231)

2200-577: The new Franciscan order. Upon his admission to the life of the friars, he joined the small hermitage in Olivais , adopting the name Anthony (from the name of the chapel located there, dedicated to Anthony the Great), by which he was to be known. Anthony then set out for Morocco, in fulfilment of his new vocation . However, he fell seriously ill in Morocco and set sail back for Portugal in hope of regaining his health. On

2255-449: The others. Because of a legend that he had once preached to the fish by the mouth of the river Marecchia in Rimini , this was sometimes used as his attribute. He is also often seen with a white lily stalk, representing his purity. Other conventions referred to St. Anthony's visionary fervor. Thus, one attribute in use for some time was a flaming heart. He is also sometimes depicted along with

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2310-448: The return voyage, the ship was pushed off course and landed in Sicily . From Sicily, he made his way to Tuscany , where he was assigned to a convent of the order, but he was met with difficulty on account of his sickly appearance. He was finally assigned to the rural hermitage of San Paolo near Forlì , Romagna , a choice made after considering his poor health. There, he had recourse to

2365-513: The scholar Mariella Zoppi wrote: a territory of great interest under many aspects that are revealed since its geographical location straddling the Tyrrhenian basin and the Adriatic and a crossroads between Tuscany, Marche, Romagna and Umbria. Like all border lands, today it presents itself as a formidable meeting point between cultures, art forms and traditions, its arrangement between the Apennines and

2420-543: The seventh-largest city in the country, the U.S. city of San Antonio, Texas . In New York City , the Shrine Church of St. Anthony in Greenwich Village , Manhattan celebrates his feast day , starting with the traditional novena of prayers asking for his intercession on the 13 Tuesdays preceding his feast. This culminates with a week-long series of services and a street fair. A traditional Italian-style procession

2475-480: The shock of 2 October had its epicenter in Sansepolcro. According to legislative provision 3274 of 20 March 2003, the Valtiberina area has been classified as having medium seismic intensity, that is, among those areas in which seismic events, albeit of lesser intensity, can create very serious damage. The climatic classification (ex DPR 412 of 26 August 1993) includes the Valtiberina among the areas of Italy in which it

2530-516: The streets in carefully choreographed maneuvers that resemble a dance.) The celebration has grown over the years to include six giglio towers built in honor of the saint. This tradition has also carried over to America, specifically the East Harlem area of New York, where the immigrants from the town of Brusciano formed the Giglio Society of East Harlem and have been holding their annual feast since

2585-748: The third Franciscan mission dedicated along El Camino Real in California in 1771. In Ellicott City, Maryland , southwest of Baltimore , the Conventual Franciscans of the St. Anthony Province dedicated their old novitiate house as the Shrine of St. Anthony which since 1 July 2004 serves as the official shrine to Saint Anthony for the Archdiocese of Baltimore . Saint Anthony is known in Portugal, Spain, and Brazil as

2640-566: The town of Pila, Laguna , where Franciscans established the first church in the country dedicated to St. Anthony of Padua, now elevated as the National Shrine of St. Anthony of Padua under the Diocese of San Pablo . In Siolim , a village in the Indian state of Goa , St. Anthony is always shown holding a serpent on a stick. This is a depiction of the incident which occurred during the construction of

2695-469: The water's edge until a great crowd of fish was seen gathered before him. The people of the town and even heretics flocked to see this marvelous thing and were moved to listen to Anthony's preaching. In another often-told story, which took place also in Rimini, Anthony was challenged by a heretic to prove the reality of the presence of Christ in the Eucharist . The man, who sought to mock Anthony, brought out

2750-452: The woodland retreat at Camposampiero with two other friars for a respite. There, he lived in a room built for him under the branches of a walnut tree. Anthony died on the way back to Padua on 13 June 1231 at the Poor Clare monastery at Arcella (now part of Padua), at the age of 35. As he had requested, Anthony was buried in the small church of Santa Maria Mater Domini—probably dating from

2805-510: The young Fernando studied theology and Latin . After his ordination to the priesthood, Fernando was named guestmaster at the age of 19, and placed in charge of hospitality for the abbey . While he was in Coimbra, some Friars Minor arrived and settled at a small hermitage outside Coimbra dedicated to St. Anthony the Great . Fernando was strongly attracted to the simple, evangelical lifestyle of

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2860-512: Was a Portuguese Catholic priest and member of the Order of Friars Minor . Anthony was born and raised by a wealthy family in Lisbon , Portugal, and died in Padua , Italy. Noted by his contemporaries for his powerful preaching, expert knowledge of scripture, and undying love and devotion to the poor and the sick, he was one of the most quickly canonized saints in church history, being canonized less than

2915-530: Was commissioned to produce his collection of sermons, Sermons for Feast Days (Sermones in Festivitates) . Gregory IX described Anthony as the " Ark of the Testament" (Doctor Arca testamenti) . The story of Anthony "preaching to the fish" originated in Rimini , where he had gone to preach. When heretics there treated him with contempt, Anthony was said to have gone to the shoreline, where he began to preach at

2970-485: Was dining with heretics. He realized the food they put before him was poisoned, and he confronted them. The men admitted to attempting to kill him, but then challenged him to eat if he truly believed the words spoken in Mark 16:18 about the apostles of Christ: "and if they drink any deadly thing, it will not harm them". Anthony is said to have blessed the food and eaten it without harm, much to the amazement of his hosts. Anthony became sick with ergotism in 1231 and went to

3025-436: Was moved not only by his rich voice and arresting manner, but also by the theme and substance of his discourse, his deep knowledge of scripture, and the eloquence with which he delivered his message. Anthony was then sent by Brother Gratian, the local minister provincial , to the Franciscan province of Romagna , based in Bologna . He soon came to the attention of the founder of the order, Francis of Assisi . Francis had held

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