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73-416: Valona may refer to: Vlorë , Albania Principality of Valona (1346–1417), a medieval state centered around Vlorë Valona, California , United States Valona, Georgia , United States Valona (song) , Mexican poetry and song style Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with

146-673: A sanjak centre in Rumelia Eyalet under the name Avlonya . Later it become a Venetian possession in 1690 and the city was restored to the Ottomans in 1691, becoming a kaza of the Sanjak of Avlona in the vilayet (province) of Janina . At the time the city had about 10,000 inhabitants; there was a Catholic parish, which belonged to the Archdiocese of Durrës . During the early period of Ottoman rule, Vlorë became an international port centered on

219-424: A double-reed could be heard over larger distances, and over the clamour of marching whilst wearing armour. It was the standard accompaniment of the passionate elegiac poetry . It also accompanied physical activities such as wrestling matches, the broad jump, the discus throw and to mark the rowing cadence on triremes , as well as sacrifices and dramas. Plato associates it with the ecstatic cults of Dionysus and

292-649: A technological university . It retains a focus on technology, but has expanded in the areas of economics and finance, education, medicine, and law. There are three journals based in the University of Vlora. There is also a scientific journal published quarterly in Albanian: Buletini Shkencor i Universitetit te Vlorës. Since 2008 it is home to the Academicus International Scientific Journal, a peer-reviewed scientific publication in

365-719: A titular see , a suffragan bishop of Durrës , being distinguished from a Greek titular see called Aulon by the use for it of the adjective Aulonitanus , while the adjective regarding the Aulon in Euboea (Ionian Greece ) is Aulonensis . The diocese was nominally restored as Latin titular bishopric Aulon, or Valona in Curiate Italian; from 1925 it was (als) named Aulona in Latin and/or Italian, since 1933 it's only Aulon in Latin, Aulona in Italian. It

438-561: A driving force for the city's economy has become a major industry in recent years, with many hotels, recreational centers, and vast beaches. The city has a good view over the Bay of Vlorë , which is considered the frontier between the Adriatic Sea and the Ionian Sea . The Island of Sazan is in front of the city, at the entrance of the bay. Italy is just 80 kilometres (50 miles) away. Beaches close to

511-463: A great many cultural tensions that the Greeks expressed in the opposition they often drew between the lyre and aulos: freedom vs. servility and tyranny, leisured amateurs vs. professionals, moderation ( sophrosyne ) vs. excess, etc. Some of this is a result of 19th century AD "classical interpretation", i.e. Apollo versus Dionysus , or "Reason" (represented by the kithara) opposed to "Madness" (represented by

584-639: A high volume of trade between western Europe and the Ottoman state. In 1426, the Ottomans supported the settlement of a Jewish community involved in mercantile activities. The community underwent population growth in subsequent decades with Jews migrating from Corfu , Venetian ruled lands , Naples , France , and the Iberian Peninsula . Around seventy Jewish families from Valencia , including former conversos , settled in Vlorë between 1391 and 1492. Following

657-512: A major seaport and commercial centre, with a significant fishing and industrial sector. The surrounding region produces petroleum , natural gas , bitumen and salt . The city is also the location of important installations of the Albanian Navy . It has grown in importance as an agricultural center with a very large-scale planting of olive and fruit trees, and as a center of the food processing, oil, and bitumen export industries. Historically,

730-456: A piece played on the aulos. There were several kinds of aulos , single or double. The most common variety was a reed instrument. Archeological finds, surviving iconography and other evidence indicate that it was double-reeded , like the modern oboe , but with a larger mouthpiece, like the surviving Armenian duduk . A single pipe without a reed was called the monaulos ( μόναυλος , from μόνος "single"). A single pipe held horizontally, as

803-569: A result costing the lives of many of its Greek inhabitants. Vlorë served as capital of the Principality of Valona , initially a vassal state to the Serbian empire , and later, independent Christian state from 1346 to 1417. The Ottoman Empire captured the city in 1417, while in 1432, Albanian rebels freed Vlorë and expelled the Ottomans from the area. As part of the Ottoman Empire , Vlorë became

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876-440: A secular country with no official religion . It guarantees the freedom of religion , belief and conscience and prohibits discrimination on grounds of religious beliefs or practice. Vlorë is religiously diverse and possesses many places of worship catering to its religious population, who are traditionally adherents of Islam , Christianity , and Judaism . During the 19th and early 20th century, Albanian-speaking Muslims were

949-610: A strategic location, some 151 kilometres (94 miles) away from the capital Tirana . The Land and Environmental Information is located in a flat, saline land, partially covered by Soda Forest. The area is suitable for industrial and environmentally friendly development. The Industrial development inside the zone eligible activities that can be developed in TEDA are: industrial, processing, commercial, goods storage, light industry, electronics, auto parts manufacturing, and port related activities. The Labor market : Official data from 2014 reported

1022-658: A sunny climate with an average of 2,745.2 hours of sunshine annually, making it one of the sunniest areas in the Eastern Mediterranean . July is the sunniest month of the year with an average of about 12 hours of sunshine a day. By contrast, the average hours of sunshine are less than 7 hours per day in January. During the 1961–1990 period, on average per year, there were 82 days with more than 1 mm (0.039 in) of rainfall, 26 days with thunders, five days with hail , and one day of snowfall. The city of Vlorë remains

1095-482: Is a typical toponym in the Greek world. The name of the city was first recorded in the 2nd century AD, by two Ancient Greek authors, Lucian and Ptolemy , the latter calling it "town and sea-port", which confirms that it was founded much earlier. However, Aulon has not been mentioned by earlier Ancient Greek and Roman authors, who on the other hand recorded the nearby town and seaport of Oricum . But in later sources Oricum

1168-679: Is encompassed in Vlorë County as part of the Southern Region of Albania and consists of the adjacent administrative units of Novoselë , Orikum , Qendër Vlorë , Shushicë and Vlorë. The municipality stretches from the mouth of Vjosë in the north along the Narta Lagoon to the Llogara Pass in the south. It also encloses the Karaburun Peninsula and Sazan Island in the west with

1241-590: Is home to many cultural and historical sites that also relate to the founding of Albania. The Monument of Independence is located on the Flag's Square and commemorates the Albanian independence from the Ottoman Empire . Museum of Independence is housed in a 19th-century building, where the founding fathers of Albania signed the Declaration of Independence. Its balcony is considered a symbol of freedom, victory and resilience of

1314-530: Is less encountered, while the toponym Aulon is more frequently mentioned. Vlorë developed from the ancient Aulon-a through the evolution of the phonetic system of the Albanian language with the rhotacism Vlonë > Vlorë , which is a pre-Slavic phenomenon in Albanian. The intervocalic /n/ has regularly evolved to /r/ in Tosk Albanian , while the initial /v/ has evolved from unstressed /u/ after

1387-579: Is part of the Lost Sounds Orchestra, alongside other ancient instruments which ASTRA have recreated the sounds of, including the epigonion , the salpinx , the barbiton and the syrinx . The aulos was also featured in the 2009 movie Agora , wherein a character performs a solo in an amphitheatre. It is also visible in the 2007 movie 300 . Modern evolutions of the aulos exist in Southeastern Europe . In southern Albania , specifically,

1460-543: The Adriatic Sea , especially the Bay of Vlorë , which forms a natural harbor, Vlorë occupied a significant place in classical antiquity as a base for trade by many peoples. Vlorë is considered one of the oldest cities in Albania and the region. In the Archaic era , the area was colonized by Ancient Greeks , who are traditionally believed to have founded Orikos, Thronion and Aulon on these shores. A large fortified port-town that

1533-582: The Albanian Declaration of Independence in Vlorë, during the First Balkan War . The city became Albania's first capital following its independence. The 1914 Vlorë Raid took place that January, and was a short-lived plot to regain Albania under Ottoman control. The city was invaded by Italy in 1914 during World War I . The city remained occupied by Italian forces until an Albanian rebellion forced

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1606-515: The Albanian Renaissance with Vlorë becoming an epicenter of the movement in 1912. In 1833, Vlorë was captured by Albanian rebels forcing the Ottoman government to abolish taxes and comply to rebel requests. In 1851 it suffered severely from an earthquake. The Jewish community of Yanina renewed the Jewish community of Vlorë in the nineteenth century. On November 28, 1912, Ismail Qemali head

1679-722: The Allies . After World War II, with Albania ruled by a Communist Party , the port was leased out to the Soviet Union for use as a submarine base. During 1960 and 1961 it served as a theater in the aftermath of the decision of Enver Hoxha to denounce Nikita Khrushchev's reforms. In April 1961 the Soviet Union, resenting being pushed out after considerable investment in the naval facilities at nearby Pasha Liman Base , threatened to occupy Vlora with Soviet troops, and cut off all Soviet economic, military and technical aid to Albania. The threat

1752-623: The Korybantes , banning it from his Republic but permitting it in his Laws . Players of the aulos used a tool known as the Phorbeia or the Capistrum . It was a device that consisted of two straps. One was placed on top of the head and another was placed on the back of the head and stretched from ear to ear to support the cheeks. It was used by ancient musicians to play the aulos by allowing them to create noise through circular breathing and steady

1825-505: The archaic period to the medieval period . It has been suggested that a transfer of the ancient city from the site of Triport to the site of modern Vlorë occurred. The center of the modern city features archaeological remains dating from late antiquity. Aulon , from which the modern city took its name, appears in historical sources starting form the 2nd century CE. It was conquered at different periods throughout history by Romans , Byzantines , Normans , Venetians and Ottomans . Between

1898-452: The expulsion of Jews from Spain in 1492, the Ottoman state resettled additional Jewish exiles in Vlorë toward the end of the fifteenth century. Ottoman censuses for 1506 and 1520 recorded the Jewish population as consisting of 528 families and some 2,600 people in Vlorë. The Jews of Vlorë were involved in trade and the city imported items from Europe and exported spices , leather , cotton fabrics , velvets , brocades , and mohair from

1971-670: The 18th and 19th centuries, the Albanians gathered both spiritual and intellectual strength for national consciousness, which conclusively led to the Albanian Renaissance . Vlorë played an instrumental role in Albanian Independence as an epicenter for the founders of modern Albania, who signed the Declaration of Independence on 28 November 1912 at the Assembly of Vlorë . Vlorë is one of the most significant cities of southern Albania and

2044-475: The 5th century. Among the known bishops are Nazarius in 458 and Soter in 553 ( Daniele Farlati , Illyricum sacrum , VII, 397–401). The diocese at that time belonged to the papal Pentarchy . In 733, it was annexed with the eastern Illyricum , to the Patriarchate of Constantinople , and yet it is not mentioned in any Notitiae Episcopatuum of that Church. The bishopric had probably been suppressed for though

2117-709: The Albanians to prevent the occupation of their motherland. Located in a 19th-century mansion, the Ethnographic Museum close to the Museum of Independence displays the ethnographic heritage of Vlorë and its surrounding region. The History Museum at the Perlat Rexhepi Street is another museum exhibiting among others artefacts from the nearby archaeological sites of the Illyrians and Ancient Greeks. A museum dedicated to

2190-513: The Balkans. Vlorë lies on the north–south transportation corridor of Albania and is served by a network of motorways and highways connecting the city to other parts of Albania. The preceding SH8 highway , beginning from Fier , links the northern districts of Vlorë with the central and southern districts, continuing along the Albanian Riviera to Sarandë . The A2 motorway parallelly runs along

2263-629: The Bulgarians had been in possession of this country for some time, Avlona is not mentioned in the "Notitiae episcopatuum" of the Bulgarian Archbishopric of Ohrid . During the Roman period, a Latin see was established and Eubel ( Hierarchia catholica medii aevi , I, 124) mentions several of its bishops. Aulon, no longer being a residential bishopric, is today listed by the Catholic Church as

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2336-523: The English language founded by Arta Musaraj. Besides the state university there are two private universities, namely Universiteti Pavarësia Vlorë and Akademia e Studimeve të Aplikuara "Reald", which started as primary school and high school, and since 2011 operates also as a university. As per the Institute of Statistics estimate from the 2011 census, there were 79,513 people residing in Vlorë and 104,827 in

2409-457: The Great 's aulete Timotheus discusses fame with his pupil Harmonides. Timotheus advises him to impress the experts within his profession rather than seek popular approval in big public venues. If leading musicians admire him, popular approval will follow. However, Lucian reports that Harmonides died from excessive blowing during practicing. In myth, Marsyas the satyr was supposed to have invented

2482-572: The Italians out of Albania in 1920. Italy invaded Vlorë again in 1939. The city remained under Italian occupation until Italy surrendered to the allies in 1943. Subsequently, Nazi Germany occupied the city until 1944. The city was liberated in 1944 by communist forces under Enver Hoxha . During the World War II , Sazan Island became the site of a German and Italian submarine base and naval installations; these installations were heavily bombed by

2555-657: The Ottoman cities of Istanbul and Bursa . The Vlorë Jewish community took an active role in the welfare of other Jews such as managing to attain the release of war related captives present in Durrës in 1596. After the Battle of Lepanto (1571) and the deterioration of security along the Ottoman controlled Adriatic and Ionian coasts, the numbers of Jews within Vlorë decreased. Between the 18th and 19th centuries, cultural developments, widely attributed to Albanians having gathered both spiritual and intellectual strength, conclusively led to

2628-642: The SH8 from Fier to Vlorë and terminates after entering the city in the north. Upon completion, the bypass of Vlorë will link the A2 motorway through the suburbs of Vlorë with the SH8 highway. Vlorë is served by the Port of Vlorë , the second busiest port in Albania, located in the northern part of the city's coast. The Vlorë railway station is the southern terminus of the Durrës-Vlorë railway line which connects Vlorë with Durrës and

2701-589: The Shushica-Vlorë River forming its eastern border. Protected areas include the Karaburun-Sazan Marine Park , Llogara National Park and Vjosa Wild River National Park . Valonia oak , the mass name for acorn cups obtained in the neighboring oak forests and used by tanners, derives its name from Valona, the ancient name of Vlorë. According to the Köppen climate classification , Vlorë falls under

2774-487: The airport lies at the village of Akërni within the Vjosa-Narta Protected Landscape in the north of Vlorë, which was met with widespread criticism. The construction was officially launched on 28 November 2021, and has a completion target date of April 2024. The airport also has plans to include a marina and an agritourism site. During the period 2020–2024, the city periodically suffered from fires at

2847-461: The archaeological sites of Amantia and Oricum . The oldest and most popular first division team based in Vlorë is the football club KS Flamurtari Vlorë . Flamurtari plays at Flamurtari Stadium in the center of Vlorë near the Independence Square. Vlorë is twinned with: Aulos An aulos (plural auloi ; Ancient Greek : αὐλός , plural αὐλοί ) or tibia ( Latin )

2920-405: The aulos). In the temple to Apollo at Delphi, there was also a shrine to Dionysus, and his Maenads are shown on drinking cups playing the aulos, but Dionysus is sometimes shown holding a kithara or lyre. So a modern interpretation can be a little more complicated than just simple duality. This opposition is mostly an Athenian one. It might be surmised that things were different at Thebes , which

2993-404: The aulos, or else picked it up after Athena had thrown it away because it caused her cheeks to puff out and ruined her beauty. In any case, he challenged Apollo to a musical contest, where the winner would be able to "do whatever he wanted" to the loser—Marsyas's expectation, typical of a satyr, was that this would be sexual in nature. But Apollo and his lyre beat Marsyas and his aulos. And since

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3066-487: The blockage; the aulete had a fundamental role in ensuring the integrity of the phalanx. In this particular scene, the phalanx approaching from the left is unprepared and momentarily outnumbered four to five. More soldiers can be seen running up to assist them from behind. Even though the front four are lacking a fifth soldier, they have the advantage because the aulete is there to bring the formation back together. An amphora from c.  540 –530 BC depicts Herakles in

3139-516: The city include Palasë , Dhermi , Vuno, Himara , Qeparo , and Borsh . In 2019, Vlorë was cited in Financial Times ' 'Five destinations to watch' article that listed new and exciting holiday destinations from around the world. In April 2024, it was reported that Jared Kushner , son-in-law and former aide to US President Donald Trump , planned to build a resort in the city as part of plans of his company, Affinity Partners , to invest in

3212-594: The current location of Vlora, and Pierre Cabanes proposed the location of Thronion in Triport; those identifications are not in contradiction with each other. Other geographical documents, such as the Tabula Peutingeriana and Hierocles ' Synecdemus , also mention Aulon. The city served as an important port of the Roman Empire , when it was part of Epirus Nova . Aulon ( Avlona ) became an episcopal see in

3285-494: The disappearance of the initial unstressed /a/ . The evolution /u/ > /v/ should be relatively ancient, preventing the evolution of the following intervocalic /l/ to /lː/ . In Geg Albanian the toponym is pronounced Vlonë , indicating that it has been in use among northern Albanians before the appearance of rhotacism in Tosk Albanian. Also the accent pattern of the name observes Albanian accent rules. The name itself of

3358-744: The employable labor force in Vlora at 125,954, of which 84,836 are currently employed. 35% of the labor force in Vlora has a high school degree, while 17% has a university degree. According to the World Bank , Vlorë has made significant steps in the economy rankings in 2016. Vlorë ranks 7th among 22 cities in Southeastern Europe in rankings conducted by the World Bank Group . ahead of the capital of Albania , Tirana , and also Belgrade , Serbia and Sarajevo , in Bosnia and Herzegovina . Tourism which has always been

3431-849: The historical Jewish population of Vlorë is planned to open in the historical center of Vlorë. Among the most outstanding religious sites in Vlorë are the Muradie Mosque built in the 16th century at the Sadik Zotaj Street and the Saint Aloysius Gonzaga and Mary Church from the 19th century at the Kristoforidhi Street. Notable cultural sites in Vlorë Municipality include the Castle of Kaninë , Church of Marmiroi , Island of Sazan , Island of Zvërnec , Lagoon of Narta as well as

3504-532: The inhabitants (sing. vlonjat , pl. vlonjatë ) has not undergone the rhotacism affecting the toponym (if it had, it would look something like vlorat or vlorjat ). The medieval and modern Greek name is Avlónas ( Αυλώνας Aulṓnas [avˈlonas] , accusative Αυλώνα Aulṓna [avˈlona] ), and is the source of the Latin Aulona , the Italian Valona (also used in other languages) and of

3577-615: The instrument. It may have also been used to prevent the reeds of the instrument from falling down the throat of the player. Another potential use for the phrobeia was holding the lips in place, taking some strain off of the lip muscles. Although aristocrats with sufficient leisure sometimes practiced aulos-playing as they did the lyre , after the later fifth century the aulos became chiefly associated with professional musicians, often slaves. Nevertheless, such musicians could achieve fame. The Romano-Greek writer Lucian discusses aulos playing in his dialogue Harmonides , in which Alexander

3650-402: The local landfill . The landfill, which is considered dangerous by the local authorities, was due to close by June 2021, as a new landfill was expected to begin operations. The deadline for the opening of the latter has been postponed repeatedly, and its further construction has stopped. Vlora is home to the second largest university in Albania. The University of Vlora was founded in 1994 as

3723-440: The majority population of Vlorë while there was a small number of Greek-speaking families, Albanian Orthodox, Jews, and an even smaller number of Catholics. In 1994 the ethnic Greek community of the city numbered 8,000 people. A Greek school was operating in the city in 1741. Vlorë is geographically and culturally encompassed in the historical region of Labëria , extending from the Albanian Adriatic and Ionian Sea Coasts to

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3796-448: The modern flute, was the plagiaulos (πλαγίαυλος, from πλάγιος "sideways"). A pipe with a bag to allow for continuous sound (a bagpipe ) was the askaulos (ἀσκαυλός from ἀσκός askos " wineskin "). Like the Great Highland Bagpipe , the aulos has been used for martial music , but it is more frequently depicted in other social settings. A normal flute would produce insufficient volume to be of any use in military application, where

3869-437: The mountainous region of southeastern Albania. Labëria is distinguished for its distinct culture, landscapes and traditions and known as the birthplace of Albanian polyphonic music , which has been proclaimed by UNESCO a Masterpiece of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity . Most of the Albanian inhabitants of Vlorë speak the Lab dialect of southern Tosk Albanian that differs from other Albanian dialects . Vlorë

3942-439: The municipality of Vlorë, constituting the third most populous city and fifth most populous municipality of Albania. The estimated population density of Vlorë Municipality was at 169.9 inhabitants per square kilometre. The population of Vlorë had increased from 71,662 in 1989 to 79,513 in 2011, while a decline of the population of Vlorë Municipality from 114,497 to 104,827 was highlighted. The constitution defines Albania as

4015-1549: The obsolete English Avlona . During the Ottoman era the city of Vlorë was known in Turkish as Avlonya . In Medieval Latin sources and in Old Italian records it is mentioned with the forms Avalona , Avelona , Lavalona , Lavellona ; and in Old Serbian sources as Avlona or Vavlona , the latter containing the Slavic preposition v "in". In Aromanian , the city is known as Avlona .   Illyrians ( Taulantii ),   Ancient Greeks   Roman Empire , 226 BCE–286   Byzantine Empire , 286-c. 705   South Slavs , c. 705–784   Byzantine Empire , 784–1204   Despotate of Epirus , 1204-1346   Principality of Valona , 1346–1417 [REDACTED] League of Lezhë 1443-1478 [REDACTED] Ottoman Empire , 1417–1691 [REDACTED] Republic of Venice , 1691–1698 [REDACTED] Ottoman Empire , 1698–1912 [REDACTED] Independent Albania , 1912–1914 [REDACTED] Principality of Albania , 1915–1917 [REDACTED] Italian protectorate over Albania , 1917–1920 [REDACTED] Principality of Albania , 1920–1925 [REDACTED] Albanian Republic , 1925–1928 [REDACTED] Albanian Kingdom , 1928–1939 [REDACTED] Kingdom of Albania , 1939–1943 [REDACTED] Albanian Kingdom , 1943–1944 [REDACTED] Democratic Government of Albania , 1944–1946 [REDACTED] People's Socialist Republic of Albania , 1946–1992 [REDACTED]   Albania , 1992–present The coastal area of Vlorë

4088-461: The periphery of the hot-summer Mediterranean climate (Csa) zone with an average annual temperature of 16.9 °C (62.4 °F). Summers in Vlorë are dry and hot while winters experience moderate temperatures and changeable, rainy weather. The warmest month is August with an average temperature rising to 26.8 °C (80.2 °F). By contrast, the coldest month is January with an average temperature falling to 7.9 °C (46.2 °F). Vlorë has

4161-506: The process of completing his tenth labor . Auletes can be seen playing in a procession going around on the neck of the amphora. The sounds of the aulos are being digitally recreated by the Ancient Instruments Sound/Timbre Reconstruction Application (ASTRA) project which uses physical modeling synthesis to simulate the aulos sounds. Due to the complexity of this process the ASTRA project uses grid computing to model sounds on hundreds of computers throughout Europe simultaneously. The aulos

4234-441: The pure lord of Delphi 's mind worked in different ways from Marsyas's, he celebrated his victory by stringing his opponent up from a tree and flaying him alive. Marsyas's blood and the tears of the Muses formed the river Marsyas in Asia Minor. This tale was a warning against committing the sin of " hubris ", or overweening pride, in that Marsyas thought he might win against a god. Strange and brutal as it is, this myth reflects

4307-434: The region of Labëria which is traditionally noted for its culture, traditions and folklore. Vlorë is served by the Port of Vlorë , the SH8 highway , and the A2 motorway , collectively representing part of the Adriatic–Ionian Corridor and the Pan-European Corridor VIII . The city took its name from Ancient Greek : Αὐλών , romanized :  Aulṓn , meaning "channel, glen" that resembles an aulos instrument. It

4380-584: The rest of the Albanian rail network . It opened in 1985 when the railway line was extended from Fier to Vlorë. A very limited service remained in operation until 2015, but currently passenger services no longer run south of Fier . However, a private railway company , Albrail, started operation of freight trains from Fier to Vlorë in 2018. The Vlorë International Airport is a proposed airport development project currently under construction as part of Albania's plan to increase transportation links to destinations in southern Albania. The proposed location for

4453-399: The site of Triport to the site of modern Vlorë occurred. The center of the modern city features walls dating from the 4th to the 10th centuries CE, as well as a wall, a quadrangular tower and ruins of a huse with ceramics dating back to the 3rd–4th centuries and to the 6th-7th centuries CE. The archaeological site of Triport has been identified with ancient Thronion or Aulon . Thronion

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4526-442: The surrounding district was mainly agricultural and pastoral, producing oats, maize, cotton, olive oil, cattle, sheep, skins, hides, and butter. These commodities are exported. Vlorë is a vibrant coastal city with a well-developed and modern housing infrastructure. The city offers a variety of residential areas ranging from the coast and going inland. Vlorë is divided into three economic zones. The Free Economic Zone TEDA Vlorë has

4599-506: The title Valona . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Valona&oldid=1146280217 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Place name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Vlor%C3%AB The coastal area of Vlorë

4672-462: Was a wind instrument in ancient Greece , often depicted in art and also attested by archaeology . Though the word aulos is often translated as "flute" or as " double flute ", the instrument was usually double-reeded, and its sound—described as "penetrating, insisting and exciting"—was more akin to that of modern woodwind instruments such as oboes or bagpipes with a chanter and (modulated) drone . An aulete ( αὐλητής , aulētēs )

4745-430: Was a bishopric from the fifth century until Bulgarian rule. In the 11th and 12th century, Vlorë played an instrumental role in the conflicts between the Byzantine Empire and Norman Kingdom of Sicily . Following Norman occupation, they ruled for only four years and established a Latin church episcopal see in Vlorë. In 1321 the city being under Byzantine control was attacked by a Venetian fleet under Giovanni Michiel as

4818-403: Was a center of aulos-playing. At Sparta —which had no Bacchic or Korybantic cults to serve as contrast—the aulos was actually associated with Apollo, and accompanied the hoplites into battle. The battle scene on the Chigi vase shows an aulos player setting a lyrical rhythm for the hoplite phalanx to advance to. This accompaniment reduced the possibility of an opening in the formation of

4891-456: Was attested by Pausanias (2nd century CE) as a Locrian – Euboean colony, but also by a dedication on a monument erected in Olympia , both accounts reporting that Apollonia conquered the city around 450 BCE. Aulon , from which Vlorë took its name, was mentioned for the first time by Ptolemy (2nd century CE) among the towns of the Illyrian Taulantii . Carl Patsch proposed the first location of Aulon in Triport being then transferred to

4964-399: Was inhabited from the 6th century BCE to the 2nd century AD is placed, now partially submerged, in Triport , northwest of present-day Vlorë. It was delimited by three walls, the first of which dating back to the late 6th century BCE. The port activity in this site lasted from at least the archaic period to the medieval period . It has been suggested that a transfer of the ancient city from

5037-471: Was not carried out, as a result of the simultaneous international developments; most notably the Cuban Missile Crisis . Hoxha, realizing the vulnerability of Albania after the 1968 Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia , ordered the construction of hundreds of thousands of concrete bunkers . Under Hoxha, Vlorë served as an important recruiting centre for the Sigurimi ; the Albanian state security , intelligence and secret police service. In 1997, Vlorë

5110-423: Was one of those Illyrian sites that had experienced pre-urban activity beginning from the 11th–10th centuries BCE. During the period of Euboean colonization of the area (early 8th century BC) the bay of Vlorë was associated with several Heroic traditions and the foundation of several settlements there, as the toponym Aulon suggest which is also known in local Eubean toponimity. Due to its strategic position on

5183-401: Was one of those Illyrian sites that had experienced pre-urban activity beginning from the 11th–10th centuries BCE. The area was colonized by Ancient Greeks . A large fortified port-town that was inhabited from the 6th century BCE to the 2nd century AD is placed, now partially submerged, in Triport , northwest of present-day Vlorë. Substantial port activity in this site occurred from at least

5256-680: Was the center of the 1997 Albanian civil unrest after the collapse of several fraudulent investment schemes that led to the downfall of the Sali Berisha administration. Vlorë is situated on the Bay of Vlorë along the Albanian Adriatic and Ionian Sea Coasts in the eastern part of the Strait of Otranto surrounded by the foothills of the Ceraunian Mountains . Defined in an area of 647.94 km (250.17 sq mi), Vlorë Municipality

5329-409: Was the musician who performed on an aulos . The ancient Roman equivalent was the tibicen (plural tibicines ), from the Latin tibia, "pipe, aulos ." The neologism aulode is sometimes used by analogy with rhapsode and citharode ( citharede ) to refer to an aulos -player, who may also be called an aulist ; however, aulode more commonly refers to a singer who sang the accompaniment to

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