José Luis Olivas PP
72-558: Valencian Union ( Valencian : Unió Valenciana ; Spanish : Unión Valenciana ; UV) was a regionalist political party in the Valencian Community , Spain . The party had not been represented in the Valencian autonomous parliament since 1999. It scored 0.95% of the total votes in the 2007 elections , well below the 5% threshold for representation. The party had councillors on several local councils, obtaining its best results in
144-569: A glottonym or as an independent language, since official reports show that the majority of the people in the Valencian Community consider it as a separate language, different from Catalan , although the same studies show that this percentage decreases among younger generations and people with higher studies. According to the 2006 Statute of Autonomy , Valencian is regulated by the Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua (AVL), following
216-505: A compromise between the essence and style of Pompeu Fabra 's guidelines, but also allowing the use of Valencian idiosyncrasies. Until its dissolution in November 2013, the public-service Ràdio Televisió Valenciana (RTVV) was the main broadcaster of radio and television in Valencian language. The Generalitat Valenciana constituted it in 1984 in order to guarantee the freedom of information of
288-516: A diverse nature (political, social, economic). In the previous centuries the Catalan spoken in the territory of the Kingdom of Valencia was called in different ways: romanç (13th century) and catalanesch (during the 14th century, for the medieval concept of nation as a linguistic community). The concept of the Valencian language appeared with a particularistic character due to the reinforced nature of
360-556: A formal adoption of the so-called Normes de Castelló (Castelló Norms), a set of guidelines following Pompeu Fabra's Catalan language norms. The letters k , y and w only appear in loanwords. In the case of y it also appears in the digraph ny . Most of the letters are pronounced the same in both standards (Valencian and Catalan). The letters c and g have a soft and hard pronunciation similar to English and other Romance languages, ç (found also in Portuguese and French) always has
432-503: A language different from Catalan, while 41% considered the languages to be the same. By applying a binary logistic regression to the same data, it was also found that different opinions about the unity of the language are different between people with certain levels of studies and the opinion also differs between each of the Valencian provinces. The opinion agreeing on the unity of Valencian and Catalan has significant differences regarding age, level of education and province of residence, with
504-549: A language, that is, a "linguistic system" [...] From this group of varieties, Valencian has the same hierarchy and dignity as any other dialectal modality of that linguistic system [...] The AVL was established in 1998 by the PP - UV government of Eduardo Zaplana . According to El País , Jordi Pujol , then president of Catalonia and of the CiU , negotiated with Zaplana in 1996 to ensure the linguistic unity of Catalan in exchange for CiU support of
576-405: A majority of those aged 18–24 (51%) and those with a higher education (58%) considering Valencian to be the same language as Catalan. This can be compared to those aged 65 and above (29%) and those with only primary education (32%), where the same view has its lowest support. People living in the province of Castellón are more prone to be in favor of the unity of the language, while people living in
648-645: A seat in the Spanish Senate held by José María Chiquillo . Simultaneously, UV was plagued by a number of schisms of small groups of members who left to form their own parties such as Opció Nacionalista Valenciana , Unió de Progrés per la Comunitat Valenciana , Iniciativa de Progrés per la Comunitat Valenciana , Identidad del Reino de Valencia , Renovació Valencianista or Partido Regional de la Comunidad Valenciana . Some of these, given their very small numbers, have either been readmitted in UV or, alternatively, have joined
720-467: A soft pronunciation and may appear in word final position. The only differences between the main standards are the contrast of b /b/ and v /v/ (also found in Insular Catalan), the treatment of long consonants with a tendency to simplification in Valencian (see table with main digraphs and letter combinations), the affrication ( /d͡ʒ/ ) of both soft g (after front vowels) and j (in most cases),
792-509: A survey sampling more than 6,600 people in the provinces of Castellón, Valencia, and Alicante. The survey simply collected the answers of respondents and did not include any testing or verification. The results were: The survey shows that, although Valencian is still the common language in many areas in the Valencian Community, where slightly more than half of the Valencian population are able to speak it, most Valencians do not usually use Valencian in their social relations. Moreover, according to
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#1732854649774864-590: Is tomata outside of Southern Valencian) and matalaf 'mattress' (which is matalap in parts of Valencia, including the Southern Valencian area). Below are a selection of words which differ or have different forms in Standard Valencian and Catalan. In many cases, both standards include this variation in their respective dictionaries, but differ as to what form is considered primary. In other cases, Valencian includes colloquial forms not present in
936-725: Is also variation within Valencia, such as 'corn', which is dacsa in Central and Southern Valencian, but panís in Alicante and Northern Valencian (as well as in North-Western Catalan). Since Standard Valencian is based on the Southern dialect, words from this dialect are often used as primary forms in the standard language, despite other words traditionally being used in other Valencian dialects. Examples of this are tomaca 'tomato' (which
1008-413: Is found in a judicial process of Minorca against Gil de Lozano, dated between 1343 and 1346, in which it is said that the mother of the indicted, Sibila, speaks valencianesch because she was from Orihuela (formerly Oriola). The concept of Valencian language appeared in the second half of the 14th century and it was progressively consolidated at the same time that its meaning changed due to events of
1080-573: Is traditionally spoken along the coast and in some inland areas in the provinces of Alicante and Castellón, from Vinaròs (northernmost point of the extension of Valencian on the coast of the Valencian Community) to Guardamar (southernmost point of Valencian). In 2010 the Generalitat Valenciana , or Valencian government, published a study, Coneixement i ús social del valencià (Knowledge and Social Use of Valencian), which included
1152-808: The Normes del Puig (Norms of El Puig), drawn up by the Royal Academy of Valencian Culture ( Real Acadèmia de Cultura Valenciana , RACV), an institution founded in 1915 by the Deputation of Valencia, but its use is very marginal. The official status of Valencian is regulated by the Spanish Constitution and the Valencian Statute of Autonomy , together with the Law on the Use and Teaching of Valencian (ca) . Article 6 of
1224-469: The 1989 general election . One of the seats was won by its founder, Vicente González Lizondo . UV reached its height in the Valencian regional elections of 1991 , when it became the third largest party in the Valencian Community, overtaking the traditional third party in the territory ( Esquerra Unida del País Valencià ). This election elevated UV to its all-time record, 10.5% of the total votes, with this figure remarkably higher in its electoral stronghold,
1296-418: The 2011 regional election . In 2011, the party announced that it would not contest either the regional or local elections due to a lack of funds and activists. This was the first time since its foundation that UV had not taken part in local or regional elections. On 10 April 2011, party leader Miralles and Valencian President Francisco Camps appeared together and announced the merger of the projects of UV and
1368-560: The Corts . In those elections, the PP, which had received the lion's share of former UV votes, achieved an absolute majority in the Corts , thus completing its electoral strategy for hegemony in the Valencian Community. UV's vote share further declined in the 2003 and 2007 regional elections . For the 2004 general election , the party revived its electoral pact with the Partido Popular and obtained
1440-508: The Iberian Peninsula was printed in the Valencian variety. The earliest recorded chess game with modern rules for moves of the queen and bishop was in the Valencian poem Scachs d'amor (1475). The Valencian language is usually assumed to have spread in the Kingdom of Valencia when Catalan and Aragonese colonists settled the territory after the conquests carried out by James I
1512-483: The Romance language also known as Catalan , either as a whole or in its Valencia-specific linguistic forms. The Valencian Community's 1982 Statute of Autonomy officially recognises Valencian as the name of the regional language. Valencian displays transitional features between Ibero-Romance languages and Gallo-Romance languages . According to philological studies, the varieties of this language spoken in
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#17328546497741584-637: The Royal Academy of Valencian Culture ( Real Acadèmia de Cultura Valenciana , RACV), which considers itself a rival language academy to the AVL, and promotes an alternative orthography , treating Valencian as an independent language, as opposed to a variety of Catalan. Compared to Standard Valencian, this orthography excludes many words not traditionally used in the Valencian Community, and also prefers spellings such as ⟨ch⟩ for /tʃ/ and ⟨y⟩ for /j/ (as in Spanish ). Besides, these alternative Norms are also promoted and taught by
1656-501: The Valencia province . The party was closely associated with the blaverist part of Valencianist movement by claiming that the Valencian language is different from the Catalan language and opposing the concept of Països Catalans and Catalan nationalism in the Valencian Community. The party also held right-wing stances on issues such as economics. It formed an electoral alliance with
1728-538: The devolved , unicameral legislature of the Valencian autonomous community , having legislative power in regional matters as defined by the Spanish Constitution and the Valencian Statute of Autonomy , as well as the ability to vote confidence in or withdraw it from a regional president . Voting for the Corts was on the basis of universal suffrage , which comprised all nationals over 18 years of age, registered in
1800-685: The 15th century, the so-called Valencian Golden Age, the name "Valencian" was already the usual name of the predominant language of the Kingdom of Valencia , and the names of vulgar , romanç or catalanesch had fallen into disuse. Joanot Martorell , author of the novel Tirant lo Blanch , said: " lit. ' Me atrevire expondre: no solament de lengua anglesa en portuguesa. Mas encara de portuguesa en vulgar valenciana: per ço que la nacio d·on yo so natural se·n puxa alegrar ' ." ("I dare to express myself: not only in English in Portuguese. But even so from Portuguese to vulgar Valencian: for that
1872-610: The Conqueror . A new resettlement in the 17th century, after the expulsion of the Moriscos , largely led by Castilians, defined the Spanish language varieties of inland Valencia. However, Valencian has historically been the predominant and administrative language in the kingdom. The first documental reference to the usage of the term valencià to refer to the spoken language of the Valencians
1944-475: The Corts Valencianes, 2003 Francisco Camps PP The 2003 Valencian regional election was held on Sunday, 25 May 2003, to elect the 6th Corts of the Valencian Community . All 89 seats in the Corts were up for election. The election was held simultaneously with regional elections in twelve other autonomous communities and local elections all throughout Spain . Despite growing discontent with
2016-476: The Corts Valencianes, UV achieved 0.95% of the total votes. The party announced that it would not run –neither by itself, nor repeating an electoral pact with the PP– for the 2008 general election . This decision was dubbed by its proponents as "hard, but necessary for UVs survival as a political party"; the party also said at that time that it was conducting an internal restructuring with the aim of being in better shape for
2088-528: The IEC standard. Primary forms in each standard are shown in bold (and may be more than one form). Words in brackets are present in the standard in question, but differ in meaning from how the cognate is used in the other standard. Valencian and Catalan use the Latin script , with some added symbols and digraphs. The Catalan-Valencian orthographies are systematic and largely phonologically based. Standardisation of Catalan
2160-564: The PP, RTVV announced in 2012 a plan to shed 70% of its labour. The plan was nullified on 5 November 2013 by the National Court after trade unions appealed against it. On that same day, the President de la Generalitat Alberto Fabra (also from PP ) announced RTVV would be closed, claiming that reinstating the employees was untenable. On 27 November, the legislative assembly passed the dissolution of RTVV and employees organised to take control of
2232-510: The PP, with Miralles urging UV supporters to vote for the PP in the May elections. In response, UV's Secretary General, Luís Melero announced that he would attempt to expel Miralles from the party to prevent it from being absorbed by the PP. Other members and supporters of UV decided to stand in the lists of other parties, mainly Units per València , which absorbed the UV branches of Carcaixent , Torrent and others, while Melero himself stood as part of
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2304-408: The PP. The rest went on to form Coalició Valenciana , a party assuming the staunch rightwing image which UV has tried to depart from during the 2000s. Coalició Valenciana reached 0.72% of the total votes at the 2007 regional elections, well below the 5% threshold to enter the regional parliament, but a narrow gap when compared to UV's own 0.95%. Following acrimonious internal elections, Chiquillo quit
2376-508: The Units list in Silla . The party made a late attempt to contest the 2011 Spanish General Election but failed to secure the 0.1% of signatures necessary to appear on the ballot paper. Valencian language Valencian ( valencià ) or the Valencian language ( llengua valenciana ) is the official, historical and traditional name used in the Valencian Community of Spain to refer to
2448-480: The Valencian Community and Carche cannot be considered a single dialect restricted to these borders: the several dialects of Valencian (Alicante's Valencian, Southern Valencian, Central Valencian or Apitxat , Northern Valencian or Castellon's Valencian and Transitional Valencian) belong to the Western group of Catalan dialects. There is a political controversy within the Valencian Community regarding its status as
2520-485: The Valencian Community and in full enjoyment of their political rights. The 89 members of the Corts Valencianes were elected using the D'Hondt method and a closed list proportional representation , with a threshold of five percent of valid votes—which included blank ballots—being applied regionally. Seats were allocated to constituencies, corresponding to the provinces of Alicante , Castellón and Valencia , with each being allocated an initial minimum of 20 seats and
2592-519: The Valencian Community, including the television channel À Punt, which started broadcasting in June 2018. Linguists, including Valencian scholars, deal with Catalan and Valencian as the same language. The official regulating body of the language of the Valencian community, the Valencian Language Academy ( Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua, AVL) considers Valencian and Catalan to be two names for
2664-464: The Valencian Statute of Autonomy sets the legal status of Valencian, establishing that: Passed in 1983, the Law on the Use and Teaching of Valencian develops this framework, providing for the implementation of a bilingual educational system, regulating the use of Valencian in the public administration and judiciary system, where citizens can freely use it when acting before both, or establishing
2736-449: The Valencian people in their own language. It was reopened again in 2018 in the same location but under a different name, À Punt, and it is owned by À Punt Media, a group owned by the Generalitat Valenciana . The new television channel claims to be plural, informative and neutral for all of the Valencian population. It is bilingual, with a focus on the Valencian language. It is recognised as a regional TV channel. Prior to its dissolution,
2808-419: The Valencian speaking areas in the Valencia province . The turning point of UV's history took place in the regional elections of 1995 . At those elections, UV achieved 7.1% of the total votes and fell back to fourth place among the parties with representation in the Corts Valencianes. But, despite having had remarkably worse results than those of their high point in 1991, UV gained an unprecedented influence at
2880-599: The Valencian-speaking domain, as well as words shared with other Catalan varieties, especially with North-Western ones . Words are rarely spread evenly over the Valencian Community, but are usually contained to parts of it, or spread out into other dialectal areas. Examples include hui 'today' (found in all of Valencia except transitional dialects, in Northern dialects avui ) and espill 'mirror' (shared with North-Western dialects, Central Catalan mirall ). There
2952-641: The administration of RTVV under the People's Party (PP) had been controversial due to accusations of ideological manipulation and lack of plurality. The news broadcast was accused of giving marginal coverage of the Valencia Metro derailment in 2006 and the indictment of President de la Generalitat Francisco Camps in the Gürtel scandal in 2009. Supervisors appointed by the PP were accused of sexual harassment . In face of an increasing debt due to excessive expenditure by
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3024-414: The affrication ( /t͡ʃ/ ) of initial and postconsonantal x (except in some cases) and the lenition (deaffrication) of tz /d͡z/ in most instances (especially the - itzar suffix). The Academy of Valencian Studies ( Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua , AVL), established by law in 1998 by the Valencian autonomous government and constituted in 2001, is in charge of dictating the official rules governing
3096-526: The appointment of José María Aznar as Prime Minister of Spain . Zaplana has denied this, claiming that "[n]ever, never, was I able to negotiate that which is not negotiable, neither that which is not in the negotiating scope of a politician. That is, the unity of the language". The AVL orthography is based on the Normes de Castelló , a set of rules for writing Valencian established in 1932. A rival set of rules, called Normes del Puig , were established in 1979 by
3168-489: The availability of media in the Valencian language is extremely limited. All the other autonomous communities in Spain , including the monolingual ones, have public-service broadcasters, with the Valencian Community being the only exception despite being the fourth most populated. In July 2016 a new public corporation, Valencian Media Corporation , was launched in substitution of RTVV. It manages and controls several public media in
3240-495: The broadcast, starting a campaign against the PP. Nou TV's last broadcast ended abruptly when Spanish police pulled the plug at 12:19 on 29 November 2013. Having lost all revenues from advertisements and facing high costs from the termination of hundreds of contracts, critics question whether the closure of RTVV has improved the financial situation of the Generalitat, and point out to plans to benefit private-owned media. Currently,
3312-605: The center of the Valencian political scene, because the results of this election deprived the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) of an absolute majority . The new situation allowed both opposition parties, the Partido Popular (PP), which was short of a majority, and UV to agree on a coalition government to oust the PSOE from regional rule after the latter had served 12 consecutive years in office. From 1995 through to
3384-600: The cultural association Lo Rat Penat . Valencian is classified as a Western dialect, along with the North-Western varieties spoken in Western Catalonia ( Province of Lleida and most of the Province of Tarragona ). The various forms of Catalan and Valencian are mutually intelligible (ranging from 90% to 95%) Despite the position of the official organisations, an opinion poll carried out between 2001 and 2004 showed that
3456-522: The drafting of the European Constitution , the regional governments of Spain where a language other than Spanish is co-official were asked to submit translations into the relevant language in question. Since different names are used in Catalonia ("Catalan") and in the Valencian Community ("Valencian"), the two regions each provided one version, which were identical to each other. Elections to
3528-418: The election date for the Corts on Sunday, 25 May 2003. The Corts Valencianes could not be dissolved before the date of expiry of parliament. The electoral law allowed for parties and federations registered in the interior ministry , coalitions and groupings of electors to present lists of candidates. Parties and federations intending to form a coalition ahead of an election were required to inform
3600-614: The former PP coalition partner during the first Zaplana government (1995–1999), continued its decline into irrelevance and fell below 3%, depriving it of any possibility of overcoming the five percent threshold to enter the Corts. Francisco Camps became the new president of the Valencian Government succeeding José Luis Olivas , who had replaced Eduardo Zaplana in 2002 after the latter was named Labour and Social Affairs minister in Aznar's second cabinet . The Corts Valencianes were
3672-405: The language has never been questioned since studies of the Romance languages , part of Valencian public opinion believes and affirms that Valencian and Catalan are different languages, an idea that began to spread during the turbulent Valencian transition by sectors of the regionalist right and by the so-called blaverisme (Blaverism). There is an alternative secessionist linguistic regulation,
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#17328546497743744-618: The larger right wing Partido Popular (PP) in the General elections of 1982 and 2004, and the Elections for the Autonomous Parliament in 1983. It was formed on 30 August 1982 with the stated purpose of "defending Valencian identity" and ran for the first time in the Spanish general election, 1982 . It participated as part of the larger Spain-wide right-wing block Alianza Popular and won a seat held by Miguel Ramón Izquierdo . This coalition
3816-583: The legacy established by the Castelló Norms , which adapt Catalan orthography to Valencian idiosyncrasies. Some of the most important works of Valencian literature experienced a Golden Age during the Late Middle Ages and the Renaissance . Important works include Joanot Martorell 's chivalric romance Tirant lo Blanch , and Ausiàs March 's poetry. The first book produced with movable type in
3888-594: The legal entity of the Kingdom of Valencia for being the Mediterranean commercial power during the 14th and 15th centuries, becoming in the cultural and literary centre of the Crown of Aragon. Thus, the Valencians, together with the Majorcans, presented themselves to other peoples as Catalans while they referred to themselves as Valencians and Majorcans to themselves to emphasise the different legal citizenship of each kingdom. In
3960-437: The loss of its founder and leader was a setback from which it has not recovered. Also during these years, a number of medium and prominent UV ranks defected from the party and joined the PP. Then, in 1999 – at the first elections after UV's support had been crucial in forming a government – the party suffered a serious blow when its vote share of 4.76% (down from 7.1%) was just short of the 5% threshold necessary to win seats at
4032-419: The majority (65%) of the Valencian people (both Valencian and Spanish speakers) consider Valencian different from Catalan: this position is promoted by people who do not use Valencian regularly. Furthermore, the data indicate that younger people educated in Valencian speaking areas are considerably less likely to hold these views. According to an official poll in 2014, 54% of Valencians considered Valencian to be
4104-420: The most recent first and using the dates when the survey fieldwork was done, as opposed to the date of publication. Where the fieldwork dates are unknown, the date of publication is given instead. The highest percentage figure in each polling survey is displayed with its background shaded in the leading party's colour. If a tie ensues, this is applied to the figures with the highest percentages. The "Lead" column on
4176-487: The most recent survey in 2021, there is a downward trend in everyday Valencian users. The lowest numbers are in the major cities of Valencia and Alicante , where the percentage of everyday speakers is at single-digit numbers. However, the percentage of residents who claim to be able to understand and read Valencian seems to have increased since 2015. Due to a number of political and social factors, including repression, immigration and lack of formal instruction in Valencian,
4248-467: The nation I am from born can rejoice"). Since the Spanish democratic transition , the autonomy or heteronomy of Valencian with respect to the rest of the Valencian-Catalan linguistic system has been the subject of debate and controversy among Valencians, usually with a political background. Although in the academic field (universities and institutions of recognszed prestige) of linguists the unity of
4320-613: The nationwide José María Aznar 's government, the People's Party (PP) was able to comfortably retain its absolute majority in the Corts, losing only one seat compared to 1999, which was gained by the Agreement (Entesa) alliance led by United Left of the Valencian Country (EUPV). The Socialist Party of the Valencian Country (PSPV–PSOE), while increasing its vote share in two percentage points compared to its 1999 result, failed to translate it into any new seats. Valencian Union (UV),
4392-408: The next regional elections in 1999 , a rising PP manoeuvered to ideologically absorb its smaller government partner UV. At the same time, the party received a fatal blow when leader Vicente González Lizondo died in 1997 after suffering a heart attack while on duty at the Corts . With UV being primarily based on a reactive idea such as blaverism rather than on a consistent ideological set of policies,
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#17328546497744464-661: The number of speakers has severely decreased, and the influence of Spanish has led to the appearance of a number of barbarisms . This is a list of features of the main forms of Valencian. There is a great deal of variety within the Valencian Community, and by no means do the features below apply to every local version. For more general information about other linguistic varities, see Catalan language . The Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua (AVL) specifies Standard Valencian as having some specific syntax, vocabulary, verb conjugations and accent marks compared to Standard Catalan . Valencian vocabulary contains words both restricted to
4536-455: The party and went on to join the PP, thus generating a severe internal crisis which weakened the party still further. Joaquín Ballester Sanz, a councillor for the town of Paterna succeeded Chiquillo as the Party leader. At the end of April 2006, Ballester Sanz resigned and in the leadership election in May the mayor of Náquera , José Manuel Miralles became the new leader. At the 2007 elections to
4608-410: The province of Alicante are more prone to be against the unity of the language, especially in the areas where Valencian is not a mandatory language at schools. Later studies also showed that the results differ significantly depending on the way the question is posed. The ambiguity regarding the term Valencian and its relation to Catalan has sometimes led to confusion and controversy. In 2004, during
4680-485: The relevant Electoral Commission within ten days of the election call, whereas groupings of electors needed to secure the signature of at least one percent of the electorate in the constituencies for which they sought election, disallowing electors from signing for more than one list of candidates. Below is a list of the main parties and electoral alliances which contested the election: The table below lists voting intention estimates in reverse chronological order, showing
4752-427: The remaining 29 being distributed in proportion to their populations (provided that the seat-to-population ratio in any given province did not exceed three times that of any other). The term of the Corts Valencianes expired four years after the date of their previous election, with elections to the Corts being fixed for the fourth Sunday of May every four years. The previous election was held on 13 June 1999, setting
4824-614: The right to be informed by media in Valencian among others. Valencian is also protected under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages , ratified by Spain. However, the Committee of Experts of the Charter has pointed out a considerable number of deficiencies in the application of the Charter by the Spanish and Valencian governments. Unlike in other bilingual autonomous communities , Valencian has not historically been spoken to
4896-752: The same extent throughout the Valencian Community . Slightly more than a quarter of its territory, equivalent to 10-15% of the population (its inland and southernmost areas), is Spanish-speaking since the Middle Ages. Additionally, it is also spoken by a small number of people in the Carche comarca , a rural area in the Region of Murcia adjoining the Valencian Community. Nevertheless, Valencian does not have any official recognition in this area. Nowadays about 600 people are able to speak Valencian in Carche. The Valencian language
4968-409: The same language. [T]he historical patrimonial language of the Valencian people , from a philological standpoint, is the same shared by the autonomous communities of Catalonia and Balearic Islands , and Principality of Andorra . Additionally, it is the patrimonial historical language of other territories of the ancient Crown of Aragon [...] The different varieties of these territories constitute
5040-505: The use of Valencian. Currently, the majority of people who write in Valencian use this standard. Standard Valencian is based on the standard of the Institute of Catalan Studies ( Institut d'Estudis Catalans , IEC), used in Catalonia , with a few adaptations. This standard roughly follows the Castelló Norms ( Normes de Castelló ) from 1932, a set of othographic guidelines regarded as
5112-424: Was among the topics discussed during the First International Congress of the Catalan Language, held in Barcelona October 1906. Subsequently, the Philological Section of the Institut d'Estudis Catalans (IEC), founded in 1911, published the Normes ortogràfiques in 1913 under the direction of Antoni Maria Alcover and Pompeu Fabra . In 1932, Valencian writers and intellectuals gathered in Castelló de la Plana to make
5184-586: Was kept for the 1983 elections to the Valencian autonomous Parliament. UV took part by itself in the 1986 general election . Miguel Ramón Izquierdo retained his seat in the Cortes Generales . In 1987, it entered the Corts Valencianes (Valencian regional parliament), winning six of the 89 seats in the parliament. It then doubled its presence at the Cortes Generales when two of its candidates won in
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