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35-609: The VNI company is a family-owned company and based in Westminster, California . It was founded in 1987 by Hồ Thành Việt to develop software that eases Vietnamese language use on computers. Among their products were the VNI Encoding and VNI Input Method . The VNI Input Method has since grown to become the top two most popular input methods for Vietnamese, alongside TELEX which is more advantageous for phones and touchscreens whilst VNI has found more use on keyboard computer systems. In

70-658: A part-time Japanese school , leases La Quinta on Saturdays for its Orange County campus. Previously Bolsa Grande High School in Garden Grove, next to Westminster housed the Asahi Gakuen Orange County campus. VSCII VSCII ( Vietnamese Standard Code for Information Interchange ), also known as TCVN 5712 , ISO-IR -180 , .VN , ABC or simply the TCVN encodings , is a set of three closely related Vietnamese national standard character encodings for using

105-569: A convention for writing in Vietnamese using ASCII characters, began during the Vietnam War , when typewriters were the main tool for word processing . Because the U.S. military required a way to represent Vietnamese scripts accurately on official documents, VIQR was invented for the military. Due to its longstanding use, VIQR was a natural choice for computer word processing, prior to the appearance of VNI, VPSKeys , VSCII , VISCII , and Unicode. It

140-416: A female householder with no husband present, 1,810 (6.9%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 1,114 (4.3%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships , and 151 (0.6%) same-sex married couples or partnerships . 4,247 households (16.2%) were one person and 2,170 (8.3%) had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 3.40. There were 20,477 families (78.3% of households);

175-453: A more natural appearance by replacing certain ASCII punctuation with combining characters. The following table compares VNI-Internet Mail to other codified VIQR or VIQR-like conventions. Westminster, California Westminster is a city in western Orange County, California , United States. Westminster was founded in 1870 by Rev. Lemuel Webber as a Presbyterian temperance colony and

210-513: A population of 89,701. The population density was 8,926.5 inhabitants per square mile (3,446.5/km ). The racial makeup of Westminster was 32,037 (35.7%) White (25.6% Non-Hispanic White), 849 (0.9%) African American, 397 (0.4%) Native American, 42,597 (47.5%) Asian, 361 (0.4%) Pacific Islander, 10,229 (11.4%) from other races, and 3,231 (3.6%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 21,176 persons (23.6%). A total of 36,058 residents were of Vietnamese ancestry (40.2% of city residents),

245-400: Is east of Westminster, although a small portion of Garden Grove lies between the two cities. Westminster borders the unincorporated area of Midway City, except for a small portion where Midway City borders Huntington Beach on the south. The Little Saigon district of the town is mostly situated on Bolsa Avenue between Magnolia Street and Brookhurst Street. At the 2010 census Westminster had

280-722: Is home to the Asian Garden Mall (Phước Lộc Thọ), a large Asian mall. Since joining the Sequential Brands company, the DVS Shoes footwear brand relocated from Torrance, California to Westminster. The company's headquarters is located on Fenwick Lane. Four school districts have boundaries that cover parts of Westminster: Huntington Beach Union HSD operates Westminster High School , while Garden Grove USD operates La Quinta High School . Some sections of HBUHSD Westminster are zoned to Ocean View High School . Asahi Gakuen ,

315-533: Is in California's 45th congressional district , represented by Republican Michelle Steel . It has a city council form of local government. According to the city's 2017 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, the top employers in the city are: The city's major shopping mall is Westminster Mall , which consists of more than 180 stores. The mall is located south of the 405 freeway, between Goldenwest Street and Edwards Street. Westminster's Little Saigon community

350-494: Is not related to VSCII. VSCII (TCVN) was used extensively in the north of Vietnam, while VNI was popular in the south. Unicode and the Windows-1258 code page are now used for virtually all Vietnamese computer data, but legacy files or archived messages may need conversion. All three forms of VSCII keep the 95 printable characters of ASCII unmodified. VSCII-3 , also known as TCVN 5712-3, VN3 or simply TCVN3, includes

385-474: Is sometimes employed for TCVN3 ( VSCII-3 ), one containing lowercase characters and the other uppercase characters. A similar approach is taken by Windows-1258 and VSCII-2. This solution is more portable between different versions of Windows and between different platforms . However, due to the presence of multiple characters in a file to represent one written character increases the file size. The increased file size can usually be accounted for by compressing

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420-458: Is still widely used for information exchange on computers, but is not desirable for design and layout, due to its cryptic appearance. VIQR's main issue was the difficulty of reading VIQR text, especially for inexperienced computer users. VNI created and released a free font called VNI-Internet Mail , which utilized a variant of the VIQR notation and VNI's combining character technique to give VIQR text

455-607: The United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 10.0 square miles (26 km ), all land. The San Diego Freeway and a short segment of the Garden Grove Freeway pass through Westminster. Westminster is bordered by the city of Seal Beach on the west, by Garden Grove on the north and east, and by Huntington Beach and Fountain Valley on the south. Santa Ana , the county seat of Orange County ,

490-487: The Vietnamese alphabet uses a complex system of diacritics for tones and other letters of the Vietnamese alphabet, the keyboard would need 133 alphanumeric keys and a Shift key to cover all possible characters. Originally, VNI's input method utilized function keys (F1, F2, ...) to enter the tone marks, which later turned out to be problematic, as the operating system used those keys for other purposes. VNI then turned to

525-488: The "capital" of overseas Vietnamese with 39,799 Vietnamese Americans , or 43.8% of the total population, as of the 2020 United States Census . In the court case Mendez v. Westminster (1947), a Hispanic man sued the Westminster School District for forcing his daughter, Sylvia Mendez , to attend a school for Mexican children. They eventually won and thus began the process of desegregation. Sylvia Mendez

560-542: The 1990s, Microsoft recognized the potential of VNI's products and incorporated VNI Input Method into Windows 95 Vietnamese Edition and MSDN , in use worldwide. Upon Microsoft's unauthorized use of these technologies, VNI took Microsoft to court over the matter. Microsoft settled the case out of court, withdrew the input method from their entire product line, and developed their own input method. It has, although virtually unknown, appeared in every Windows release since Windows 98 . Starting with Windows 10 version 1903 ,

595-399: The 26,406 households 37.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.4% were married couples living together, 12.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.7% were non-families. 16.9% of households were one person and 7.4% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 3.32 and the average family size was 3.71. The age distribution was 25.9% under

630-546: The VNI Encoding when processing Vietnamese text. For this reason, print jobs submitted using the VNI Character Set are compatible with local printers. VNI invented, popularized, and commercialized an input method and an encoding, the VNI Character Set , to assist computer users entering Vietnamese on their computers. The user can type using only ASCII characters found on standard computer keyboard layouts . Because

665-672: The VNI Input Method (as "Vietnamese Number Key-based"), along with the Telex input method, are now natively supported. Despite the growing popularity of Unicode in computing, the VNI Encoding (see below ) is still in wide use by Vietnamese speakers both in Vietnam and abroad. All professional printing facilities in the Little Saigon neighborhood of Orange County, California continue to use

700-474: The Vietnamese language with computers , developed by the TCVN Technical Committee on Information Technology (TCVN/TC1) and first adopted in 1993 (as TCVN 5712:1993). It should not be confused with the similarly-named unofficial VISCII encoding, which was sometimes used by overseas Vietnamese speakers. VISCII was also intended to stand for Vietnamese Standard Code for Information Interchange , but

735-411: The age of 18, 8.8% from 18 to 24, 32.6% from 25 to 44, 21.5% from 45 to 64, and 11.2% 65 or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.9 males. The median household income was $ 49,450 and the median family income was $ 54,399. Males had a median income of $ 37,157 versus $ 28,392 for females. The per capita income for

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770-486: The average family size was 3.74. The age distribution was 20,920 people (23.3%) under the age of 18, 8,568 people (9.6%) aged 18 to 24, 24,065 people (26.8%) aged 25 to 44, 23,356 people (26.0%) aged 45 to 64, and 12,792 people (14.3%) who were 65 or older. The median age was 38.7 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.4 males. There were 27,650 housing units at an average density of 2,751.5 per square mile, of

805-587: The city was $ 18,218. About 10.7% of families and 13.5% of the population were below the poverty line , including 18.0% of those under age 18 and 7.9% of those age 65 or over. In the California State Legislature , Westminster is in the 36th Senate District , represented by Republican Janet Nguyen , and in the 70th Assembly District , represented by Republican Tri Ta . In the United States House of Representatives , Westminster

840-638: The data into a file format such as ZIP . The VNI encoding was used extensively in the south of Vietnam, and sometimes used overseas, while TCVN 5712 was dominant in the north. Points 0x 00 through 0x7F follow ASCII . A version intended for use on Macintosh systems, with a different arrangement (corresponding to the different arrangement between Windows-1252 and Mac OS Roman ). The VNI encoding for use on DOS does not use separate characters for diacritics, instead replacing certain ASCII punctuation characters with tone-marked uppercase letters (compare ISO 646 ). The use of Vietnamese Quoted-Readable (VIQR),

875-571: The federal poverty line. At the 2000 census there were 88,207 people in 26,406 households, including 20,411 families, in the city. The population density was 8,724.2 inhabitants per square mile (3,368.4/km ). There were 26,940 housing units at an average density of 2,664.5 units per square mile (1,028.8 units/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 45.79% White, 0.99% African American, 0.61% Native American, 38.13% Asian, 0.46% Pacific Islander, 10.19% from other races, and 3.84% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 21.70%. Of

910-574: The fewest assignments. It is an extended ASCII , because it keeps all 128 codes of ASCII unmodified. It does not reassign any of the C0 and C1 control codes . Compared to ASCII , it adds 75 characters: Tone marks on uppercase vowels is accomplished in TCVN3 by switching to an all-capital font. VSCII-2 , also known as TCVN 5712-2 and VN2, is a superset of VSCII-3. It is an extended ASCII , because it keeps all 128 codes of ASCII unmodified. It does not reassign any of

945-425: The following ways: The first way is the conventional method, following handwriting and spelling convention, where the base is written first ( truong ) and then the tonal marks added later one by one. With the release of VNI Tan Ky 4 in the 1990s, VNI freed users from having to remember where to correctly insert tone marks within a word, because, as long as the user enters all the required characters and tone marks,

980-514: The highest concentration of Vietnamese Americans of any community in the United States. The census reported that 89,031 people (99.3% of the population) lived in households, 381 (0.4%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 289 (0.3%) were institutionalized. There were 26,164 households, 10,759 (41.1%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 14,986 (57.3%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 3,681 (14.1%) had

1015-426: The numerical keys along the top of the keyboard (as opposed to the numpad ) for entering tone marks. This arrangement survives today, but users also have the option of customizing the keys used for tone marks. With VNI Tan Ky mode on, the user can type in diacritical marks anywhere within a word, and the marks will appear at their proper locations. For example, the word trường , which means 'school', can be typed in

1050-413: The occupied units 15,135 (57.8%) were owner-occupied and 11,029 (42.2%) were rented. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.5%; the rental vacancy rate was 7.3%. 51,408 people (57.3% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 37,623 people (41.9%) lived in rental housing units. During 2009–2013, Westminster had a median household income of $ 52,633, with 16.7% of the population living below

1085-411: The software will group them correctly. This feature is especially useful for newcomers to the language. VNI Auto Accent is the company's most recent software release (2006), with the purpose of alleviating repetitive strain injury (RSI) caused by prolonged use of computer keyboards . Auto Accent helps reduce the number of keystrokes needed to type each word by automatically adding diacritical marks for

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1120-502: The user. The user must still enter every base letter in the word. The VNI Encoding uses up to two bytes to represent one Vietnamese vowel character, with the second byte supplying additional diacritical marks , therefore removing the need to replace control characters with Vietnamese characters, a problematic system found in TCVN1 ( VSCII-1 ) and in VISCII , or using two different fonts such as

1155-442: Was incorporated in 1957, at which time it had 10,755 residents. Originally, the city was named Tri-City because it was to be the amalgamation of three cities: Westminster, Barber City, and Midway City. Midway City ultimately refused incorporation, leaving only Barber City to be absorbed into the newly incorporated Westminster. The former Barber City was located in the western portion of the current city of Westminster. According to

1190-454: Was incorporated in 1957. Westminster is bordered by the city of Seal Beach on the west, by Garden Grove on the north and east, and by Huntington Beach and Fountain Valley on the south. Santa Ana , the county seat of Orange County, is east of Westminster. Westminster has one of the largest Vietnamese populations in the US. They settled largely in Little Saigon , and the city is known as

1225-753: Was later awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Barack Obama on February 15, 2011. Westminster won the All-America City Award in 1996. Westminster was founded in 1870 by Rev. Lemuel Webber as a Presbyterian temperance colony. The name is derived from the Westminster Assembly of 1643, which established the basic tenets of the Presbyterian faith. During the early years of its history, farmers refused to harvest grapes since they associated grapes with alcohol . Westminster

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