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21-453: VDM may refer to: VDM Metals , a producer of nickel alloys and stainless steels formerly known as Vereinigte Deutsche Metallwerke , a manufacturer of aircraft propeller systems VDM Publishing , a publishing group specializing in publishing German, French and English theses and dissertations Van der Moolen N.V., a Dutch trading company Verbi dei minister , an informal designation as

42-534: A crucible . Gold, silver and copper replaced some of the functions of other resources, such as wood and stone, owing to their ability to be shaped into various forms for different uses. Due to their rarity, these gold, silver and copper artifacts were treated as luxury items and handled with great care. The use of copper also heralded the transition from the Stone Age to the Copper Age . The Bronze Age , which succeeded

63-404: A Christian minister Vienna Development Method , a formal software development method Value driven maintenance , industrial maintenance management methodology. Virtual DOS machine Vulnerability Discovery Model , used to estimate future vulnerability discovery process/trend Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with

84-587: A share capital of 30 million Reichsmark and had branches and manufacturing facilities in Heddernheim , Gustavsburg , Mannheim , Nuremberg , Cologne and in Altena, Werdohl and Duisburg. The group's companies remained independent under their previous name (e. g. Heddernheimer Kupferwerk GmbH), but the production program was redistributed by material group to the individual plants. In March 1934, VDM moved its headquarters to Frankfurt am Main . The incipient rearmament of

105-758: Is up to 900 degrees Celsius. In June 2018, a nickel base alloy with 29 percent chromium and 2 percent aluminum was introduced, which is characterized in particular by its metal dusting resistance. The material has the material number 2.4842 or UNS N06699. Non-ferrous metal In metallurgy , non-ferrous metals are metals or alloys that do not contain iron ( allotropes of iron , ferrite , and so on) in appreciable amounts. Generally more costly than ferrous metals, non-ferrous metals are used because of desirable properties such as low weight (e.g. aluminium ), higher conductivity (e.g. copper ), non- magnetic properties or resistance to corrosion (e.g. zinc ). Some non-ferrous materials are also used in

126-615: The Wehrmacht skyrocketed the demand for light metal products. By 1939, the number of employees at VDM rose to 21,000, mainly due to the production of variable pitch propellers for aircraft of the Luftwaffe . Because of the great importance of the VDM for the war economy , almost all buildings and factories were heavily destroyed in the air raids on Frankfurt am Main during the Second World War . At

147-507: The Copper Age, was again heralded by the invention of bronze , an alloy of copper with the non-ferrous metal tin . Non-ferrous metals are used in residential, commercial and industrial applications. Material selection for a mechanical or structural application requires some important considerations, including how easily the material can be shaped into a finished part and how its properties can be either intentionally or inadvertently altered in

168-581: The ThyssenKrupp Group and has since been trading under the independent name of VDM Metals . In April 2015, ThyssenKrupp announced the sale of the VDM Group to the financial investor Lindsay Goldberg . On 1 August 2015, the sale was completed. In November 2019, the Spanish stainless steel producer Acerinox announced the signing of a share-purchase-agreement to acquire VDM Metals. After approval through

189-522: The ThyssenKrupp stainless steel division and operated under the name ThyssenKrupp VDM until 2012. Following the sale of the stainless steel division of ThyssenKrupp to Outokumpu in December 2012, VDM temporarily traded under the name Outokumpu VDM. At the end of November 2013 it was announced that VDM would be re-integrated into the ThyssenKrupp Group. Since 1 March 2014, VDM had once again been part of

210-624: The competent antitrust authorities the deal was closed in March 2020. Alloy C-264 is a superalloy developed by VDM Metals and launched in 2018. In addition to the alloying element nickel, the alloy contains 25 percent chromium, 20 percent cobalt, about 5.5 percent molybdenum and 1.1 percent aluminum and 1.7 percent titanium. Various tests have shown that the material in the solution-annealed and hardened condition achieves higher hardness values and lower creep rates than, for example, Alloy C-263 (material number 2.4650, UNS N07263). The application temperature

231-508: The end of the war, the production collapsed completely, all works were shut down at the direction of the Allies and partly dismantled. It was not until 1946, under the leadership of Wilhelm Kirmser, that the gradual reconstruction and transition to civilian production began. In the early 1950s, VDM became the world's largest manufacturer and distributor of raw, semi-finished and finished non-ferrous metals and alloys. The upswing reached its peak in

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252-478: The financial year 1960/61. Thereafter, the company continuously lost market share. Already for 1966/67 no dividend could be paid to shareholders. A major cause of the difficulties was the fragmented corporate structure of six separate companies, which did not allow a consistent strategy and investment. In 1969, the plant in Cologne was shut down and the remaining works were combined into seven business units: Despite

273-470: The first metals used by humans for metallurgy. Gold, silver and copper existed in their native crystalline yet metallic form. These metals, though rare, could be found in quantities sufficient to attract the attention of humans. Less susceptible to oxygen than most other metals, they can be found even in weathered outcroppings. Copper was the first metal to be forged; it was soft enough to be fashioned into various objects by cold forging and could be melted in

294-909: The iron and steel industries. For example, bauxite is used as flux for blast furnaces , while others such as wolframite , pyrolusite , and chromite are used in making ferrous alloys. Important non-ferrous metals include aluminium, copper, lead , tin , titanium , and zinc, and alloys such as brass . Precious metals such as gold , silver , and platinum and exotic or rare metals such as mercury , tungsten , beryllium , bismuth , cerium , cadmium , niobium , indium , gallium , germanium , lithium , selenium , tantalum , tellurium , vanadium , and zirconium are also non-ferrous. They are usually obtained through minerals such as sulfides , carbonates , and silicates . Non-ferrous metals are usually refined through electrolysis . Due to their extensive use, non-ferrous scrap metals are usually recycled . The secondary materials in scrap are vital to

315-416: The metallurgy industry, as the production of new metals often needs them. Some recycling facilities re-smelt and recast non-ferrous materials; the dross is collected and stored onsite while the metal fumes are filtered and collected. Non-ferrous scrap metals are sourced from industrial scrap materials, particle emissions and obsolete technology (for example, copper cables ) scrap. Non-ferrous metals were

336-558: The parent plant in Frankfurt-Heddernheim was closed after 129 years on 31 March 1982. At this point in time, only the plants of the business area nickel (Altena, Unna and Werdohl) were still productive. In the following years, VDM gradually separated from all remaining production facilities and changed its name to MG Vermögensverwaltung AG in 1988. In 1988 the German steelmaker Krupp took over one third, one year later 100 percent of

357-464: The process. Depending on the end use, metals can be simply cast into the finished part, or cast into an intermediate form, such as an ingot , then worked, or wrought, by rolling, forging , extruding, or other deformation process. Although the same operations are used with ferrous as well as nonferrous metals and alloys, the reaction of nonferrous metals to these forming processes is often more severe. Consequently, properties may differ considerably between

378-426: The restructuring and some acquisitions in the 1970s, sales continued to decline. The company reacted with rationalization measures, a reorientation of the production strategy, the sale of individual company shares and the closure of unprofitable production units and plants. This reduced the number of employees from 14,200 (1970) to 6,700 in 1979. After a dramatic deterioration of the results in the financial year 1980/81,

399-613: The shares in the VDM Nickel Technologie AG . This division was formed from the merger of the Werdohl and Altena plants into the business area nickel in 1974. In the following years Krupp VDM - as the company was called - initially took over Precision Rolled Products (PRP) with production sites in New Jersey and Nevada and, on 1 October 2009, the activities of the sister company ThyssenKrupp Titanium. From then on, VDM became part of

420-489: The title VDM . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=VDM&oldid=1009618418 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages VDM Metals The original Vereinigte Deutsche Metallwerke AG (VDM)

441-506: Was founded in 1930 by the takeover of Heddernheimer Kupferwerk and Süddeutsche Kabelwerk AG in Frankfurt by Berg-Heckmann-Selve AG in Altena. The merger took place on the initiative of Metallgesellschaft , which was the main shareholder of Heddernheimer Kupferwerke since 1893 and also took over the majority of the new corporate group. The global economic crisis had forced a consolidation of previously competing companies. The new company had

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