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51-475: The Congress had little money to pay the soldiers who fought for independence. They made promises of land to induce army enlistment. By resolutions of September 16 and 18, 1776, and August 12, September 22, and October 3, 1780, they proposed to give each officer or private continuously to serve in the United States army until the close of the war, or until discharged, or to the representatives of those slain by

102-700: A proposed new Constitution for the United States to replace the 1776–1778 Articles. The Confederation Congress received and submitted the new Constitution document to the states, and the Constitution was later ratified by enough states (nine were required) to become operative in June 1788. On September 13, 1788, the Confederation Congress set the date for choosing the new electors in the Electoral College that

153-478: A quorum for the last time; afterward, although delegates would occasionally appear, there were never enough to officially conduct business. The last meeting of the Continental Congress was held March 2, 1789, two days before the new Constitutional government took over; only one member was present at said meeting, Philip Pell , an ardent Anti-Federalist and opponent of the Constitution, who was accompanied by

204-882: A quorum. Nonetheless, the Congress still managed to pass important laws, most notably the Northwest Ordinance of 1787. The country incurred a massive debt as a result of the War of Independence. In 1784, the total Confederation debt was nearly $ 40 million. Of that sum, $ 8 million was owed to the French and Dutch. Of the domestic debt, government bonds, known as loan-office certificates, composed $ 11.5 million, certificates on interest indebtedness $ 3.1 million, and continental certificates $ 16.7 million. The certificates were non-interest bearing notes issued for supplies purchased or impressed, and to pay soldiers and officers. To pay

255-627: Is land and 0.37 square miles (0.96 km ) is water. The area has important deposits of clay which were exploited by a number of pottery companies in the first half of the twentieth century, including Roseville Pottery , Weller Pottery , the J. B. Owens Pottery Company , the Zanesville Stoneware Company, the Mosaic Tile Company, the American Encaustic Tiling Company , and the T.B. Townsend Brick Yard under

306-706: Is located along the Muskingum River at its confluence with the Licking River . It is located 23 mi (37 km) west of Cambridge and 52 mi (84 km) east of Columbus . The National (Cumberland) Road and its successors U.S. Route 40 and Interstate 70 cross the Muskingum at Zanesville. According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 12.14 square miles (31.44 km ), of which 11.77 square miles (30.48 km )

357-569: The Committee of the States when Congress was in recess and performed other administrative functions. He was not, however, an executive in the way the later President of the United States is a chief executive since all of the functions he executed were under the direct control of Congress. There were ten presidents of Congress under the Articles. The first, Samuel Huntington , had been serving as president of

408-615: The Continental Army , journeyed to Annapolis after saying farewell to his officers (at Fraunces Tavern ) and men who had just reoccupied New York City after the departing British Army . On December 23, at the Maryland State House , where the Congress met in the Old Senate Chamber, he addressed the civilian leaders and delegates of Congress and returned to them the signed commission they had voted him back in June 1775, at

459-631: The Firelands and Connecticut Western Reserve , which were privately surveyed. Each township was divided into quarters of 4,000 acres (16 km). Ranges were numbered starting from the meridian along the east edge, and townships were numbered starting from the baseline along the south of the tract. The quarter townships were numbered starting with 1 in the northeast and proceeding anti-clockwise. The Act of March 1, 1800 provided for dividing quarter townships into lots of 100 acres (0.40 km) each, 880 yards in width by 550 yards in height. On March 3, 1803,

510-594: The Licking and the Muskingum rivers. Listed on the National Register of Historic Places , it is one of few bridges of its type in the United States. Its unique shape led pilot Amelia Earhart to describe Zanesville as "the most recognizable city in the country". It has been rebuilt numerous times since the 1850s. The city government is a Mayor/Council (10 members) elected form of government. Zanesville Police Department

561-573: The Scioto River ( 39°59′23″N 83°04′03″W  /  39.98972°N 83.06750°W  / 39.98972; -83.06750  ( Southwest Corner ) ), then up the Scioto River to the Greenville Treaty Line ( 40°28′02″N 83°11′28″W  /  40.46722°N 83.19111°W  / 40.46722; -83.19111  ( Northwest Corner ) ), then northeast along

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612-555: The Seven Ranges Terminus ( 40°39′07″N 81°20′05″W  /  40.65194°N 81.33472°W  / 40.65194; -81.33472  ( Seven Ranges Terminus ) ), then proceed 50 miles (80 km) south along the west edge of the Seven Ranges ( 39°55′14″N 81°19′56″W  /  39.92056°N 81.33222°W  / 39.92056; -81.33222  ( USMD Meridian ) ), then proceed due west to

663-413: The seat of government for several years. Zanesville, Ohio Zanesville is a city in and the county seat of Muskingum County, Ohio , United States. Located at the confluence of the Licking and Muskingum rivers, the city is approximately 52 miles (84 km) east of Columbus and had a population of 24,765 as of the 2020 census , down from 25,487 as of the 2010 census . Historically

714-530: The state capital of Ohio from 1810 to 1812, Zanesville anchors the Zanesville micropolitan area (population 86,183) and is part of the greater Columbus-Marion-Zanesville combined statistical area . Zanesville was named after Ebenezer Zane (1747–1811), who had blazed Zane's Trace , a pioneer trail from Wheeling, West Virginia to Maysville, Kentucky through present-day Ohio. In 1797, he remitted land as payment to his son-in-law, John McIntire (1759–1815), at

765-622: The 1820s through 1850s. The city and the city of Putnam (eastern side of Muskingum River) from the 1840s until the American Civil War broke out was part of the Underground Railroad . In excess of 5,000 Union soldiers, along with hundreds of townsfolk, were stationed in the Zanesville area to protect the city in 1863 during Morgan's Raid . Novelist Zane Grey , a descendant of the Zane family,

816-611: The 262 quarter townships claimed by military warrants was determined by a drawing. Few absentee owners ever visited their land, and fewer still spent any time on it. They sold it, sight unseen, as a speculative venture, often paying no regard to any attachment of sale made by Ohio officials for delinquent taxes. By 1823, the United States government had issued 10,958 warrants for service in the Revolutionary War totaling 1,549,350 acres (6,270.0 km), and more were issued under various laws thereafter. These warrants could only be used in

867-814: The British negotiators made on November 30, 1782, and approved by the "Congress of the Confederation" on April 15, 1783, the Treaty of Paris was further signed on September 3, 1783, and ratified by the Confederation Congress then sitting at the Maryland State House in Annapolis on January 14, 1784. This formally ended the American Revolutionary War between Great Britain and the thirteen former colonies , which on July 4, 1776 , had declared independence. In December 1783, General George Washington , commander-in-chief of

918-657: The Confederation The Congress of the Confederation , or the Confederation Congress , formally referred to as the United States in Congress Assembled , was the governing body of the United States from March 1, 1781, until March 3, 1789, during the Confederation period . A unicameral body with legislative and executive function, it was composed of delegates appointed by the legislatures of

969-709: The Confederation or the Confederation Congress. The Congress of the Confederation opened in the last stages of the American Revolution . Combat ended in October 1781, with the surrender of the British after the Siege and Battle of Yorktown . The British, however continued to occupy New York City, while the American delegates in Paris, named by the Congress, negotiated the terms of peace with Great Britain . Based on preliminary articles with

1020-503: The Congressional secretary. Pell oversaw the meeting and adjourned the Congress sine die . The Continental Congress was presided over by a president (referred to in many official records as President of the United States in Congress Assembled ), who was a member of Congress elected by the other delegates to serve as a neutral discussion moderator during meetings. Elected to a non-renewable one-year term, this person also chaired

1071-779: The Continental Congress since September 28, 1779. The Second Continental Congress was meeting at the Old Pennsylvania State House ( Independence Hall ), in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, at the time the Articles of Confederation entered into force on March 1, 1781, but left after an anti-government protest by several hundred soldiers of the Continental Army in June 1783 . Congress moved its meeting site successively to Princeton, New Jersey ; Annapolis, Maryland ; Trenton, New Jersey , and then in January 1785 New York City , which remained

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1122-466: The Continental Congress. Nevertheless, despite its being generally the same exact governing body, with some changes in membership over the years as delegates came and went individually according to their own personal reasons and upon instructions of their state governments, some modern historians would later refer to the Continental Congress after the ratification of the Articles as the Congress of

1173-664: The Greenville Treaty Line to Fort Laurens ( 40°39′15″N 81°28′25″W  /  40.65417°N 81.47361°W  / 40.65417; -81.47361  ( Fort Laurens ) ), then up the Tuscarawas River to a point due west of the Seven Ranges Terminus, then east to the point of beginning. It turned out that the Tuscarawas River leg was unnecessary because Fort Laurens happens to be due west of

1224-511: The Maryland state capital. The Annapolis Convention in 1786 which included additional state representatives who joined the sessions, first attempted to look into improving the earlier original Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union. There were enough problems to bear further discussion and deliberation that the Convention called for a wider meeting to recommend changes and meet the next year in

1275-522: The Seven Ranges Terminus. This tract contains 2,539,110 acres. Survey of the land began in March, 1797. The land was to be divided into survey townships five miles (8 km) square (16000 acres), the only instance of a government conducted survey not based on the six mile (10 km) square township standard of the Public Land Survey System . Other instances of five mile square townships were for

1326-801: The USMD except for those used in the Ohio Company lands or in the Symmes Purchase . Veterans who held on to their warrants finally received relief by the act of May 30, 1830, which allowed them to exchange their warrants for land scrip issued in 80-acre (320,000 m) amounts, good for $ 1.25 an acre on land anywhere in the public domain available for private entry. This act, plus seven other warrant exchange acts, caused more than 12,138,840 acres (49,124.1 km) of land scrip to be issued. Researchers will find that land scrip could be bought cheaply, depending on market conditions. Its use in land transactions does not infer

1377-520: The adjacent community of Putnam. It is now the Putnam Historic District of Zanesville. The city was historically known as a center for pottery manufacturing; in the first half of the 20th century, more than a dozen potteries operated in the city and the surrounding areas. Bolstered by ample local clay deposits and rivers, the area produced both art pottery and functional, utilitarian pottery. Notable pottery manufacturers that operated in

1428-445: The area included Weller Pottery , J. B. Owens Pottery Company , Roseville Pottery , American Encaustic Tiling Company , and the Mosaic Tile Company. The city peaked economically in the 1950s, and like many cities experienced a post-industrial decline. In the 21st century, it has a relatively high level of chronic poverty and unemployment and a relatively low level of labor force participation and educational attainment. Zanesville

1479-403: The average family size was 2.99. In the city, the population was spread out, with 26.8% under the age of 18, 9.5% from 18 to 24, 27.8% from 25 to 44, 20.5% from 45 to 64, and 15.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 85.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 79.3 males. The median income for a household in the city

1530-564: The beginning of the conflict. With that simple gesture of acknowledging the first civilian power over the military, he took his leave and returned by horseback the next day to his home and family at Mount Vernon near the colonial river port city on the Potomac River at Alexandria in Virginia . Congress had little power, and without the external threat of a war against the British, it became quite difficult to get enough delegates to meet to form

1581-432: The city. The population density was 2,276.8 inhabitants per square mile (879.1/km ). There were 11,662 housing units at an average density of 1,037.8 per square mile (400.7/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 85.48% White , 10.76% African American , 0.40% Native American , 0.23% Asian , 0.02% Pacific Islander , 0.42% from other races , and 2.70% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.79% of

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1632-399: The city. The population density was 2,165.4 inhabitants per square mile (836.1/km ). There were 12,385 housing units at an average density of 1,052.3 per square mile (406.3/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 84.4% White , 9.7% African American , 0.4% Native American , 0.4% Asian , 0.4% from other races , and 4.7% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.2% of

1683-653: The enemy, the amounts in the table. Under the Land Ordinance of 1785 , land was made available in the Seven Ranges for bounties, but this proved inadequate. Download coordinates as: On June 1, 1796, Congress created the United States Military District, sometimes called the USMD Lands, or USMD Survey. The boundaries of the district were to start at the northwest corner of the Seven Ranges, now known as

1734-477: The holder was entitled to it by military service. Veterans often sold their land scrip to land jobbers. The Moravian Indian Grants at the Tuscarawas County villages of Schoenbrunn , Gnaddenhutten and Salem are independent 4,000-acre (16 km) surveys, not on the same grid, within the USMD. Part of the independent “Muskingum River Survey” of Zane's Tracts also lies in the USMD. Congress of

1785-458: The interest and principal of the debt, Congress had twice proposed an amendment to the Articles granting them the power to lay a 5% duty on imports, but amendments to the Articles required the consent of all thirteen states: the 1781 impost plan had been rejected by Rhode Island and Virginia, while the revised plan, discussed in 1783, was rejected by New York. Without revenue, except for meager voluntary state requisitions, Congress could not even pay

1836-532: The interest on its outstanding debt. The states, meanwhile, regularly failed or refused to meet the requisitions requested of them by Congress. To that end, in September 1786, after resolving a series of disputes regarding their common border along the Potomac River, delegates of Maryland and Virginia called for a larger assembly to discuss various situations and governing problems to meet in Annapolis, Maryland ,

1887-450: The late 1940s until the early 1970s. The city is also served by several railroad lines. Interstate 70 and U.S. Route 40 (which closely follows the path of the older National Road ), pass through Zanesville and run roughly parallel to each other. From the southwest, US 22 approaches from Cincinnati . North-south state highways 60 and 93 pass through Zanesville. Other state routes include 666 , 555 , 719 , and 146 . In 2016,

1938-549: The late Spring of 1787 in Philadelphia . The Confederation Congress itself endorsed this and issued invitations for the states to send delegates. After meeting in secret all summer in the Old Pennsylvania State House , which by then was renamed Independence Hall , from the famous actions of there eleven years earlier. The Philadelphia Convention , under the presidency of former General George Washington , issued

1989-588: The later part of American Revolutionary War . The membership of the Second Continental Congress automatically carried over to the Congress of the Confederation, and had the same secretary as the Second Continental Congress, Charles Thomson . The Congress of the Confederation was succeeded by the Congress of the United States as provided for in the new Constitution of the United States , drafted on September 17, 1787, in Philadelphia , ratified by each of

2040-417: The ownership of T.B. Townsend . In the 1950s, Zanesville was known for its population of light-skinned Blacks who could "pass" (be admitted to whites-only places). This characteristic was due to a history of racial intermixing dating back to the role of Zanesville as a stop on the Underground Railroad . As of the census of 2010, there were 25,487 people, 10,864 households, and 6,176 families residing in

2091-419: The point where Zane's Trace met the Muskingum River . With the assistance of Zane, McIntire platted the town and opened an inn and ferry by 1799. In 1801, Zanesville was officially renamed, formerly Westbourne, the chosen name for the settlement by Zane. From 1810 to 1812, the city was the second state capital of Ohio. The National Road courses through Zanesville as U.S. Route 40 . The city grew quickly in

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2142-410: The population. There were 10,572 households, out of which 30.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 38.5% were married couples living together, 18.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 39.1% were non-families. 33.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.36 and

2193-443: The population. There were 10,864 households, of which 31.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 32.1% were married couples living together, 19.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.7% had a male householder with no wife present, and 43.2% were non-families. 36.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size

2244-588: The several states . Each state delegation had one vote. The Congress was created by the Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union upon its ratification in 1781, formally replacing the Second Continental Congress . The Congress continued to refer itself as the " Continental Congress " throughout its eight-year history, although modern historians separate it from the two earlier congresses, which operated under slightly different rules and procedures until

2295-427: The states, and adopted by the Congress in 1788. On March 1, 1781, the Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union were signed by delegates of Maryland at a meeting of the Second Continental Congress in Philadelphia , which then declared the Articles ratified. As historian Edmund Burnett wrote, "There was no new organization of any kind, not even the election of a new President." The Congress still called itself

2346-548: The unclaimed land was divided into one mile (1.6 km) square sections and into half sections, and sold as essentially Congress Lands by the Chillicothe and Zanesville land offices. In the USMD, as elsewhere in the surveyed lands, many veterans sold their warrants to speculators or jobbers at a fraction of their true value. Of the 1,043,460 acres (4,222.7 km) claimed by land warrant, 569,542 acres (2,304.85 km) were patented to just 22 persons. The actual location of

2397-402: Was $ 26,642, and the median income for a family was $ 31,932. Males had a median income of $ 27,902 versus $ 20,142 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 15,192. About 19.3% of families and 22.4% of the population were below the poverty line , including 32.3% of those under age 18 and 14.8% of those age 65 or over. A three-way bridge called the " Y-Bridge " spans the confluence of

2448-440: Was 2.29 and the average family size was 2.97. The median age in the city was 36.3 years. 25.1% of residents were under the age of 18; 9.8% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 25.6% were from 25 to 44; 24.5% were from 45 to 64; and 15.2% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 46.6% male and 53.4% female. As of the census of 2000, there were 25,586 people, 10,572 households, and 6,438 families residing in

2499-726: Was born in the city. After the Civil War, the city grew in size and gained prominence in the State for manufacturing and textiles. The city was also notoriously known for its bootlegging activities in the Prohibition era . From the 1820s until the 1970s, downtown Zanesville was the premiere economic center of the city with various factories, offices, small to large stores, many hotels, over a dozen stages and movie theaters, nearly twenty churches, and nearby neighborhoods (inhabited mainly by persons of Irish or German ethnicity). In 1872, Zanesville annexed

2550-460: Was formed in 1865 with 6 officers. Today the department has over 55 officers and 40 more support staff. The City Fire Department became fully paid staff in 1879. This department today has over 45 members working 24 on & 48 hours off, staffing 3 stations. The city is served by Zanesville Municipal Airport , built during World War II , and opened near the end. It has two 5,000 ft (1,500 m) runways. The airport had commercial flights from

2601-525: Was set up for choosing a President as January 7, 1789, the date for the Electors to vote for the President as on February 4, 1789, and the date for the Constitution to become operative as March 4, 1789, when the new Congress of the United States should convene. The Congress of the Confederation continued to conduct business for another month after setting the various dates. On October 10, 1788, Congress formed

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