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62-624: In the 19th century, defensive posts were established between Semarang and Surakarta to control the trade route between the two cities. A fort known as Fort Ontmoeting was established in Ungaran. Ungaran is sub-divided into 21 villages, of which 11 are in West Ungaran and 10 are in East Ungaran. Note: (a) Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2021. The Ungaran Volcano ( Gunung Ungaran in Indonesian)

124-462: A deeper role in government. Amangkurat II ascended to the throne with the help of the Dutch and ended up having to pay for war costs for as high as 2.5 million guilders . An anti-Dutch official, Patih Nerangkusuma, was successful in persuading him to be rid of the debt. By providing help in regaining his throne, the Dutch brought Amangkurat II under their tight control. Amangkurat II was unhappy with

186-482: A generator of urban economic growth. After the departure of Herman Willem Daendels , Napoleonic governor of Java, the Dutch reorganized Java into Residencies , and Semarang became the seat of the new Semarang Residency in 1817. An important influence on urban growth was the Great Mail Road project in the 1847, which connected all the cities in the northern coast of Central and East Java and positioned Semarang as

248-435: A majority of the council to support its development. Changing tack, Tillema then worked to improve the existing kampongs in the city's malarial districts by improving drainage and providing more sanitary public toilets and public housing. A decade later, the town approved Thomas Karsten 's revised plan for the area, using it to build larger villas for the Dutch and wealthy Chinese and Javanese rather than allowing its use by

310-432: A pious Muslim area called Kauman , a Chinese quarter, and a Dutch fortress. The fortress has a pentagonal form with only one gate in the south and five monitoring towers to protect the Dutch settlement from rebellion actions, segregating the spaces between Dutch settlement and other areas. In fact, the city of Semarang was only referred to the Dutch quarter while the other ethnic settlement were considered as villages outside

372-508: A population of 1,555,984 at the 2010 census and 1,653,524 at the 2020 census, making it Indonesia's ninth most populous city after Jakarta , Surabaya , Bekasi , Bandung , Medan , Depok , Tangerang and Palembang ; the official population estimate as at mid-2023 was 1,694,740, comprising 838,440 males and 856,310 females. The built-up urban area had 3,183,516 inhabitants at the 2010 census spread over two cities and 26 districts. The Semarang metropolitan area (a.k.a. Kedungsepur ) has

434-700: A population of over 6 million in 2020 ( see Greater Semarang section ). The population of the city is predominantly Javanese with significant Chinese presence. [REDACTED] Demak Sultanate (1547–1554) [REDACTED] Kingdom of Pajang (1568–1587) [REDACTED]   Mataram Sultanate (1587–1705) [REDACTED]   Dutch East India Company (1705–1799) [REDACTED]   Dutch East Indies (1800–1942) [REDACTED]   Empire of Japan (1942–1945) [REDACTED]   Dutch East Indies (1945–1949) [REDACTED] United States of Indonesia (1949–1950) [REDACTED]   Indonesia (1950–present) The history of Semarang goes back to

496-464: A series of northern Java mountain ranges that stretch from Banten to East Java. The hilly area in the city of Semarang is known as the upper city (Semarang Dhuwur). This hilly region is also the upstream area of the big rivers that flow in the city of Semarang. The upper city area is also near Mount Ungaran . Semarang features a tropical monsoon climate ( Köppen : Am ). The city features distinctly wetter and drier months, with June through August being

558-704: A tract of land in Mataram but were rejected by Amangkurat I. They were hurt by the refusal and joined with Trunajaya, who rebelled in Eastern Java . Rahmat secretly gave them a tract of land in Demung, Besuki (now in Situbondo Regency ). With the merging of Karaeng Galesong and Trunajaya's faction, their collective force became larger and more difficult to control. Rahmat was anxious and decided to join his father's side. He regained his position as crown prince, as Prince Puger

620-483: A treaty with the Dutch East India Company to gain weaponry support for revenge on Giri Kedaton. Giri Kedaton became the last Trunajaya ally that had a large armed force. In April 1680, Panembahan Natapraja made a large-scale invasion towards Giri Kedaton, supported by the Dutch East India Company. The best commander who was also a reliable disciple of Giri Kedaton was Prince Singosari (Senopati Singosekar). He

682-827: A vital financial contribution to Indonesia due to the growing trade and industry and services. As a consequence, people's purchasing power increased, capital inflows, consumer confidence, and doing business indexes were relatively conducive to the development of several CBDs such as Simpang Lima City Center (SLCC) , Pemuda Central Business District (PCBD) , and Gajahmada Golden Triangle (GGT) . Major Indonesian and international financial and banking sectors alikes such as Bank Mandiri , BCA , BNI , BRI , Panin Bank , HSBC , Bank Permata , Standard Chartered , RaboBank , Citibank, DBS , UOB, OCBC NISP , KEB Hana Bank , CIMB Niaga , and Maybank have regional offices in Semarang. The western part of

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744-475: Is Islam with a significant Christian minority. Religion in Semarang 2023 Semarang has a large Chinese community. As in other regions of Java, especially in Central Java, they have mingled closely with the local population and use Javanese in communication for hundreds of years. About 3.5% of the city's population is ethnic Chinese, many residing in a Chinatown in the vicinity of Gang Pinggir. The Chinatown

806-468: Is a city that has a unique topographic condition in the form of a narrow lowland area and hilly areas extending from the west side to the east side of Semarang City. The city is located about 558 km (347 miles) east of Jakarta and 312 km (194 miles) west of Surabaya. Lowland areas in Semarang City are very narrow. The lowland area in western Semarang only has a width of 4 km (2.5 miles) from

868-417: Is a deeply eroded stratovolcano, located south of the northern coastal city of Semarang and west of Ungaran town, at map reference 7.18 degrees South and 110.33 degrees East. It has a height of 2,050 m (6,726 ft). It lies at the northern end of a transverse chain of Java volcanoes extending north-north-west from Mount Merapi . It was formed in three stages, with growth of the youngest edifice taking place during

930-494: Is called "Kampong Pecinan Semawis" and expresses many aspects of traditional Chinese culture including foods, rituals, and houses of worship. Ethnic Groups in Semarang As the capital city of Central Java, and fifth largest city of Indonesia, the economy of Semarang is quite large. Semarang has transformed and changed dynamically towards a better direction. In a period of less than 10 years, Semarang Metropolitan continues to build

992-532: Is connected to Solo by Semarang–Solo Toll Road . Semarang's largest bus terminals are Mangkang and Terboyo. The primary means of public transportation is by minibus, called " bis ". Ojek ( motorcycle taxis ), Angkot ( share-taxi ) micro-buses, taxi-cabs plays vital role in public transportation of the city. Go-Jek and Grab have online taxi and Ojek services. Semarang is served by bus rapid transit called Trans Semarang , which operates in six routes. Perum DAMRI also serves in six designated routes in

1054-540: Is constructing Semarang River at Banjir Kanal Barat (Garang River) near Karangayu Bridge. In the middle of July 2011, gardens in river banks and some traditional boats are available to use. The project will be finished in 2013 with river gardens, trotoars, garden lighting, water activities, art sites, sport sites and balconies and stairs for sightseeing. In August 2011, a 421 m (1,380 ft) tunnel dodger at Kreo river has been finished and Jatibarang Dam construction can begin, with completion targeted for July 2013. The dam

1116-419: Is known as the lower town (Semarang Ngisor), as well as the center of the city's economic activity. Under these conditions, the lower city area is often hit by annual flooding and its peak during the rainy season. In a number of regions, especially North Semarang, floods are sometimes also caused by overflowing sea tides (tidal floods). The hilly area in Semarang stretches on the south side. These hills are part of

1178-430: Is located on the northern coast of Java. The city of Semarang is one of the most important cities located on the north coast of Java and is the main hub connecting Jakarta and Surabaya , and cities in the southern interior of Java Surakarta and Yogyakarta . Semarang City has a height ranging from 2 m (6.6 ft) below sea level up to 340 m (1,120 ft) above sea level with a slope of 0%–45%. Semarang City

1240-468: Is planned to release 230 m /s (8,100 cu ft/s) of flood water and will generate 1.5 MW of electricity, provide a drinking water resource and a boost to tourism. The largest ethnic group in Semarang is the Javanese , followed by minorities of Chinese, Arabs , Indian , and others (including local ethnicities such as Sundanese , Batak , Madura , Malay , Balinese etc.). The dominant religion

1302-527: Is served by a number of operators including AirAsia , Citilink , Batik Air , Garuda Indonesia , and Lion Air which provide services to Jakarta , Bali , Kuala Lumpur , and Singapore . In 2018, the airport terminal was relocated to a new and much larger site; the old terminal continues to be used for government and military flights. The main seaport is the Tanjung Mas seaport. Amangkurat II Amangkurat II (also known as Rahmat ; died 1703)

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1364-630: Is the capital and largest city of Central Java province in Indonesia . It was a major port during the Dutch colonial era , and is still an important regional center and port today. The city has been named as the cleanest tourist destination in Southeast Asia by the ASEAN Clean Tourist City Standard (ACTCS) for 2020–2022. It has an area of 373.78 km (144.32 sq mi) and had

1426-609: The Babad Tanah Jawi , Sutikna's mother had used magic on Amangkurat II's wives to make them unable to conceive. Rahmat was raised in Surabaya. He then moved to the Plered Palace as adipati anom (crown prince). However, his relationship with his brother, Prince Singasari, worsened. There was also news that the position of crown prince would be transferred to Prince Singasari. In 1661, Rahmat rebelled against his father, supported by

1488-596: The British and Dutch military completely. Semarang city administration is headed by mayor, with a legislative assembly. Both mayor and the 50 members of legislative assembly are elected by direct vote. The government of Semarang City had implemented the smart city concept since 2013. Juridically, Semarang City is a municipality (second level area) consisting of 16 districts ( kecamatan ), which are again divided into 177 urban villages ( kelurahan ). The districts are tabulated below with their areas and their populations at

1550-612: The Dutch East India Company (VOC) as a part of a debt payment. In 1682, the Semarang state was founded by the Dutch colonial power. On 5 October 1705 after years of occupations, Semarang officially became a VOC city when Susuhunan Pakubuwono I made a deal to give extensive trade rights to the VOC in exchange of wiping out Mataram 's debt. The VOC, and later, the Dutch East Indies government, established tobacco plantations in

1612-457: The Dutch East India Company . Like his father, Amangkurat II was nearly helpless, having fled without an army nor a treasury. In an attempt to regain his kingdom, he made substantial concessions to the Dutch East India Company (VOC), who then went to war to reinstate him. In September 1677, a treaty was signed in Jepara . The Dutch East India Company was represented by Cornelis Speelman . Most of

1674-1238: The 2010 census and 2020 census, together with the official estimates as at mid 2023. The table also includes the number and names of the urban administrative villages in each district. ( Javanese : ꦩꦶꦗꦺꦤ꧀ , romanized:  Mijèn ) ( Javanese : ꦒꦸꦤꦸꦁ​ꦥꦛꦶ , romanized:  Gunungpathi ) ( Javanese : ꦧꦚꦸꦩꦤꦶꦏ꧀ , romanized:  Banyumanik ) ( Javanese : ꦒꦗꦃꦩꦸꦁ​ꦏꦸꦂ , romanized:  Gajah Mungkur ) ( Javanese : ꦱꦼꦩꦫꦁ​​ꦏꦶꦢꦸꦭ꧀ , romanized:  Sěmarang Kidul ( Javanese : ꦕꦤ꧀ꦝꦶꦱꦫꦶ , romanized:  Candhisari ) ( Javanese : ꦠꦼꦩ꧀ꦧꦭꦁ , romanized:  Tĕmbalang ) ( Javanese : ꦥꦼꦢꦸꦫꦸꦔꦤ꧀ , romanized:  Pědurungan ) ( Javanese : ꦒꦼꦤꦸꦏ꧀ , romanized:  Genuk ) ( Javanese : ꦒꦪꦩ꧀ꦱꦫꦶ , romanized:  Gayamsari ) ( Javanese : ꦱꦼꦩꦫꦁ​​ꦮꦺꦠꦤ꧀ , romanized:  Sěmarang Wétan ) ( Javanese : ꦱꦼꦩꦫꦁ​​ꦭꦺꦴꦂ , romanized:  Sěmarang Lor ) ( Javanese : ꦱꦼꦩꦫꦁ​​ꦩꦢꦾ , romanized:  Sěmarang Madyå ) ( Javanese : ꦱꦼꦩꦫꦁ​​ꦏꦸꦭꦺꦴꦤ꧀ , romanized:  Sěmarang Kulon ) ( Javanese : ꦠꦸꦒꦸ , romanized:  Tugu ) ( Javanese : ꦔꦭꦶꦪꦤ꧀ , romanized:  Ngaliyan ) Semarang

1736-487: The 9th century, when it was known as Bergota. At the end of the 15th century, appointed by the demak sultanate an islamic scholar named Ki Ageng Pandan Arang  [ id ] founded a village and an Islamic school in this fishing village. On 2 May 1547, Sultan Hadiwijaya of Pajang declared Pandan Arang as the first bupati (mayor) of Semarang, thus creating Semarang administratively and politically. In 1678, Sunan Amangkurat II promised to give control of Semarang to

1798-618: The Dutch and Amangkurat II. Francois Tack was killed when pursuing Surapati in Kartasura, but Batavia decided to do nothing since the situation in Batavia itself was far from stable, such as the insurrection of Captain Jonker , a native commander of the Ambonese settlement in Batavia, in 1689. Mainly due to this incident, by the end of his reign, Amangkurat II was deeply distrusted by the Dutch, but Batavia

1860-522: The Dutch for attacking colonial offices or disrupting shipping, such as Untung Surapati . Amangkurat II gave him a residence in Babirong village, and Untung Surapati consolidated his strength there. In 1685, Batavia (now Jakarta ) sent Captain Francois Tack , the officer who captured Trunajaya, to Amangkurat's court at Kartasura, to capture Surapati and negotiate further details into the agreement between

1922-628: The Kajoran family supported Trunajaya. However, Prince Puger himself was ousted to Kajenar. Amangkurat II became monarch in 1677 at the height of the Trunajaya rebellion . He succeeded his father, Amangkurat I , who died in Tegal after being expelled from Plered , his capital by Raden Trunajaya , a prince from Madura who captured the court in 1677. According to the Babad Tanah Jawi , Amangkurat I's death

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1984-590: The Sultanates of Cirebon, Johor, Palembang , and England , which urged to wage a war with the Dutch Republic . Amangkurat II also supported Captain Jonker's revolt in 1689. The Dutch East India Company increased pressure on the Mataram court for the 2.5 million guilders war cost. Amangkurat II himself attempted to improve relations by pretending to invade Untung Suropati in Pasuruan. Amangkurat II died in 1703 and

2046-406: The anti-Amangkurat I faction. The small rebellion was suppressed but Amangkurat I unsuccessfully poisoned Rahmat in 1663, thus worsening their relations. In 1668, Rahmat fell in love with Rara Oyi, a Surabayan girl who would become his father's concubine . Pangeran Pekik abducted her to be married to Rahmat. This made Amangkurat I angry and so he murdered Pangeran Pekik along with his family. Rahmat

2108-406: The area was used for rice cultivation and the only small improvement was the development of a surrounding fortress. Although less developed, Semarang is a fairly well organized city, in which urban activities were concentrated along the river and the settlement is linked to a market where different ethnic groups met to trade. The existence of the market, in the later years, become a primary element and

2170-544: The city boundary. The city, known as de Europeesche Buurt, was built in classical European style with church located in the centre, wide boulevards, streets and villas. According to Purwanto (2005), the urban and architectural form of this settlement is very similar to the design principles applied in many Dutch cities. Due to the long and costly Java War, there was not much funding from the Dutch East Indies government, and this affected Semarang's development. Most land in

2232-419: The city had doubled in size and expanded to the south by the 1920s, creating a nucleus of a metropolis where multi-ethnic groups lived and traded in the city. The villages in the suburbs such as Jomblang and Jatingaleh steadily became the satellite towns of Semarang, more populated with a bigger market area. Before the invasion of Japan in 1942, Semarang had already become the capital of Central Java province, as

2294-599: The city has many industrial parks and factories. Like other metropolitan cities within Indonesia, due to a developing economy and increasing income, Semarang has many shopping malls. Semarang is on the Indonesian National Route 1 road, which connects it to Merak and Ketapang ( Banyuwangi ). Indonesian National Route 14 toward Bawen starts here. Semarang has a toll road, the Semarang Toll Road . The city

2356-677: The city in the 1870s. Hospitals, churches, hotels, and mansions were built along the new main roads of Mataram Street, Bojongscheweg, and Pontjolscheweg. The Javanese quarters of town known as kampongs grew increasingly densely populated, reaching as many as 1000 inhabitants per hectare and degrading living conditions. Mortality remained high into the early 20th century, with newcomers, overcrowding, and poor hygiene triggering cholera and tuberculous outbreaks. Dysentery , typhoid , and malaria were also rife. The city doctor Willem T. de Vogel advocated strenuously for reducing overcrowding and improving living conditions by extending Semarang into

2418-562: The city. Semarang was connected to Surakarta (Solo) by a rail line in 1870. At present there are two large train stations in Semarang: Semarang Poncol and Semarang Tawang . Semarang is connected to Bandung , Jakarta , and Surabaya by inter-city train services. Kedungsepur commuter rail connects Semarang Poncol Station eastward to Ngrombo Station in Grobogan Regency . Semarang's Ahmad Yani International Airport

2480-463: The coastline, while in the eastern Semarang, the low-lying area has a width of 11 km (6.8 miles) from the coastline. This lowland area is a flood plain from the large rivers that flow in Semarang City, such as Kali Garang (West Flood Canal), Pengkol River, and Bringin River. This low-lying area stretches on the northern side of Semarang and covers almost 40% of the total area of Semarang. This lowland area

2542-437: The driest months. However, the average monthly rainfall does not fall below 60 mm (2.4 in), hence the tropical rainforest categorization. Semarang on average sees approximately 2,800 mm (110 in) of rain annually. Average temperatures in the city are relatively consistent, hovering around 28 °C (82 °F). Diurnal temperature variation slightly increases in the dry season. Like Singapore River, Semarang

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2604-600: The late Pleistocene and Holocene eras. This youngest edifice was constructed south of three large remnant structural blocks of the second Ungaran volcano. A group of pyroclastic cones was also constructed along the margins of the older edifice. The volcano is deeply eroded and no historical eruptions have been reported, but two active fumarole fields are located on its flanks. Ungaran has a tropical rainforest climate (Af) with moderate rainfall from June to September and heavy to very heavy rainfall from November to May. Semarang Semarang ( Javanese : ꦏꦸꦛꦯꦼꦩꦫꦁ )

2666-440: The less malarial hill country to its south; his fellow councilman Hendrik Tillema had campaigned on a platform of combatting malaria and joined De Vogel's scheme, broadening it into a "village improvement" ( Dutch : kampongverbetering ) movement. Purchasing land in the heights with their own money, the two men and some friends passed it on to the city with an initial zoning plan by KPC de Bazel in 1907 but could never convince

2728-633: The local population. After Indonesian independence in 1945, Semarang became the capital of Central Java on 18 August 1945, headed by Mr. Moch.Ichsan. It also became the site of a battle (Five days battle, Pertempuran lima hari ) between the new Indonesian military and Japanese soldiers in October 1945. Shortly after that, what had been the Indonesia-conducted Ambarawa , Magelang , and Ungaran offensives reached Semarang city on 15 December 1945, causing an 87-day battle that swept away

2790-524: The lower city and transportation slow or expensive, few of the lower classes were interested in moving to the district but it set a pattern that was followed with three more successful housing plans between 1916 and 1919. The population grew by 55%, adding 45,000 Javanese, 8500 Chinese, and 7000 Europeans. Karsten's approach to town planning emphasized its aesthetic, practical, and social requirements articulated in economic terms rather than purely racial ones. Driven by economic growth and spatial city planning,

2852-532: The news that Amangkurat II wasn't Rahmat (his half-brother), rather it was Cornelis Speelman's son disguised as Rahmat. The confusing news ultimately caused a chaotic condition. The war between Plered and Kartasura occurred in November 1680. The Babad Tanah Jawi mentions it as a war between Mataram and Kartasura. Then, in 1681, the alliance of the Dutch and Amangkurat II forced Prince Puger, his younger half-brother, who styled himself s usuhunan ing Alaga when he seized

2914-671: The northern coast of Java, straddling between Karawang Regency and Panarukan , Situbondo Regency, was mortgaged to the Dutch East India Company as a guarantee of payment for the cost of war. For the Dutch, a stable Mataram empire that was deeply indebted to them would help ensure continued trade on favorable terms. They were willing to lend their military might to keep the kingdom together. The multi-ethnic Dutch forces, consisting of light-armed troops from Makasar and Ambon , in addition to heavily equipped European soldiers, first defeated Trunajaya in Kediri in November 1678, and Trunajaya himself

2976-408: The poor. This area became known as Candi Baru ( Dutch : Nieuw Tjandi ) and forms the core of the present-day Candisari District. Although it remained highly stratified by class, Candi Baru had less ethnic segregation than the older area of town and incorporated public squares, athletic facilities, and places for public bathing and washing that could be used communally. With most work remaining in

3038-448: The region and built roads and railroads, making Semarang an important colonial trading centre. The historic presence of a large Indo (Eurasian) community in the area of Semarang is also reflected by the fact a creole mix language called Javindo existed there. Semarang was handed by the Sultan of Mataram to the Dutch East Indies in 1678. The city was pictured as a small settlement with

3100-452: The result of trade and industrial success and spatial planning. The Japanese military occupied the city, along with the rest of Java, in 1942, during the Pacific War of World War II . During that time, Semarang was headed by a military governor called a Shiko, and two vice governors known as Fuku Shiko. One of the vice governors was appointed from Japan , and the other was "chosen" from

3162-418: The situation, especially the increasing Dutch control of the coast, but he was helpless in the face of crippling financial debt and the threat of Dutch military power. The king engaged in a series of intrigues to try to weaken the Dutch position without confronting them head-on. For example, he tried to cooperate with other kingdoms such as Cirebon and Johor , and the court sheltered people that were wanted by

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3224-430: The throne, Amangkurat II came to Kadilangu, Demak Regency , to meet Panembahan Natapraja, a wise, invulnerable, and smart elder who had soldiers who were ready to help Amangkurat I. Panembahan Natapraja, as a descendant of Sunan Kalijaga , was asked to rewrite the history of Java , as the original manuscript had been burned by rebels. This became the origin of the Babad Tanah Jawi . Amangkurat II also made an alliance and

3286-552: The throne, then proceeded to relinquish it after he surrendered on 28 November 1681. The Babad Tanah Jawi relates that the Mataram Sultanate had fallen in 1677, and the Sunanate of Kartasura was the successor of Mataram, legitimized by Panembahan Natapraja of Kadilangu who was considered as a Mataram elder. Javanese chronicles depict Amangkurat II as a weak ruler who was easy to influence, while Prince Puger, his half-brother, had

3348-551: The trade centre of agricultural production. The project was soon followed by the development of the Staatsspoorwegen Railway and the connecting roads into the inner city of Semarang at the end of the 19th century. Colombijn (2002) marked the development as the shift of urban functions, from the former river orientation to all services facing the roads. The Dutch East Indies ' mail and railway projects improved communication and transportation, bringing an economic boom to

3410-425: Was born from a mother originating from the Kajoran family, which supported the rebellion. With the reunion of Rahmat and his father, Amangkurat I, the rebellion of Trunajaya and Karaeng Galesong became increasingly violent. Ultimately, Trunajaya invaded the Plered Palace on 2 July 1677. Amangkurat I and Rahmat themselves escaped to the west, while the palace was defended by Prince Puger as proof that not all members of

3472-452: Was captured in 1679 near Ngantang west of Malang , and killed by Amangkurat II with his own hands on 2 January 1680. The city-state of Giri Kedaton , which was a vassal of Mataram's from the time of Sultan Agung around the early to mid-17th century, had supported the Trunajaya rebellion. Panembahan Ageng Giri actively looked for support to strengthen the rebels' force. Upon accession to

3534-449: Was caused by poison in his beverage, given by Rahmat, his own son. Despite that, Rahmat was still appointed as his successor. In Tegal, Rahmat was welcomed by Martalaya, Regent of Tegal. Rahmat initially planned to make for pilgrimage ( hajj ) instead of fighting Trunajaya. But he suddenly cancelled his plan, reportedly because he received his wahyu keprabon (divine mandate). Rahmat then implemented his father's will to collaborate with

3596-409: Was eventually killed in action after dueling with Panembahan Natapraja. The latter's soldiers were small in number but they were still able to devastate Giri Kedaton. Panembahan Ageng Giri was captured and sentenced to death by whip. His family was also exterminated. This marked the end of Giri Kedaton. Separately in 1683, Wanakusuma, a Kajoran family member, rebelled. His Gunung Kidul-based rebellion

3658-479: Was pardoned after he was forced to murder Rara Oyi. Amangkurat I also relinquished the position of crown prince from Rahmat, and transferred it to Prince Puger (future Pakubuwono I ). In 1670, Rahmat asked for help from Panembahan Rama , a spiritual teacher from the Kajoran family. Panembahan Rama introduced his former son-in-law, Trunajaya of Madura , to be his assistant. In 1674, Karaeng Galesong of Makassar and his followers came to Mataram. They requested

3720-521: Was similarly uninterested in provoking another costly war on Java. Amangkurat II then approved Untung Suropati and Nerangkusuma to seize the Pasuruan Regency . Anggajaya, Regent of Pasuruan who was initially appointed by Amangkurat II himself, had to be a victim. He escaped to Surabaya, along with his brother, Anggawangsa. The ambiguous attitude of Amangkurat II gained the attention of the Dutch East India Company, who found Amangkurat II's letters to

3782-601: Was successfully suppressed. Since the fallen Plered was considered inauspicious, Amangkurat II built a new palace in the Wanakarta forest and moved the capital to Kartasura in the land of Pajang (which was between Mount Merapi and Mount Lawu , the southern point adjoining Mataram). Prince Puger, who initially stayed in Kajenar, moved to Plered after being left by Trunajaya. He refused to join Amangkurat II because he heard of

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3844-661: Was the susuhunan of the Sultanate of Mataram from 1677 to 1703. Before taking the throne, he was the crown prince and had the title Pangeran Adipati Anom. He was the first Javanese monarch to wear a European-style uniform, thus gaining the nickname Sunan Amral, Amral rendering the meaning " admiral " in Javanese. Born as Raden Mas Rahmat, he was the son of Amangkurat I of Mataram and Ratu Kulon, daughter of Pangeran Pekik of Surabaya . Amangkurat II had many wives , but only one child, Sutikna (later Amangkurat III ). According to

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