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43-710: Although there was already a stronghold there in the 7th century, the earliest known mention of Ujście comes from the early 12th-century Gesta principum Polonorum chronicle. Its name means "mouth" in Polish, and refers to Ujście being the location of the river mouth of the Gwda . Ujście was a royal town , administratively located in the Poznań County in the Poznań Voivodeship in the Greater Poland Province . In 1655, it

86-463: A forename). Author's anonymity though, was done on purpose due to his\hers (as mentioned in the work) desire to dedicate the work to God only- a notion widely popular in the medieval times. When Polish bishop- Marcin Kromer completed his work- Folio 199 , he left a footnote in it that credited Gallus as the author of Gesta which he brought up in the work. It roughly read: This work is by Gallus, I reckon he

129-641: A large part of them belonging to the National Library. Today the collections of the National Library are one of the largest in the country and in the world . Among 7,900,000 volumes (2004) held in the library are 160,000 objects printed before 1801, over 26,000 manuscripts (including 6,887 music manuscripts), over 114,000 music prints and 400,000 drawings. The library collections also include photographs and other iconographic documents, more than 101,000 atlases and maps, over 2,000,000 ephemera, as well as over 2,000,000 books and about 800,000 copies of journals from

172-463: A prize for his work, which he most likely received and of which he lived the rest of his life. The book is the earliest known, written document on Polish history . It gives a unique perspective on the general history of Europe, supplementing what has been handed down by Western and Southern European historians. It pre-dates the Gesta Danorum and the next major source on the early history of Poland,

215-619: A second copy made for him, produced from the version in the Codex Zamoyscianus . As it is a direct copy, its usefulness is limited in reconstructing the original text. This version currently lies in the Czartoryski Museum of Kraków, Ms. 1310 , fols. 242–307. The third and latest witness to the text is the version in the so-called Heilsberg Codex. This version was written down between 1469 and 1471, based on an earlier version. The latter had been written at Kraków around 1330,

258-617: A tale common in early Slavonic folk-myth. Book two, of 50 chapters, traces the birth of Boleslaus, his boyhood deeds and documents the wars waged by himself and "count palatine" Skarbimir against the Pomeranians. Book three, of 26 chapters, continues the story of the wars waged by Boleslaus and the Poles against the Pomeranians, the war against the German emperor Heinrich V and the Bohemians, and against

301-498: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Gesta principum Polonorum The Gesta principum Polonorum ( Medieval Latin : [ˈgɛsta ˈprinʲtʃipum pɔlɔˈnɔːrum] ; " Deeds of the Princes of the Poles ") is the oldest known medieval chronicle documenting the history of Poland from the legendary times until 1113. Written in Latin by an anonymous author, it

344-736: Is a liturgical book of the Latin liturgical rites of the Catholic Church containing the public or canonical prayers, hymns, the Psalms, readings, and notations for everyday use, especially by bishops, priests, and deacons in the Divine Office. The Illuminated Sketchbook of Stephan Schriber (1494). Autographs are an important part of the library's collection. They include items from 19th-century romantic poets, 16th and 18th century philosophers, and many Nobel Prize-winning authors. List of notable people from

387-463: Is now rejected by most historians. Historian Maximilian Gumplowicz identified the author as Baldwin Gallus, allegedly Bishop of Kruszwica , though likewise this theory has failed to gain general acceptance. There have been frequent attempts to identify Gallus' origins from clues in the text . Marian Plezia and Pierre David both argued that Gallus came from Provence in what is now southern France, and

430-414: Is reference to the descendants of Duke Swietobor of Pomerania (ii.29). The work begins with an address and dedication to Martin , Archbishop of Gniezno , and to the bishops of Poland's regions, Simon ( Bishop of Plock , c. 1102–29), Paul ( Bishop of Poznań , 1098–c. 1112), Maurus ( Bishop of Kraków , 1110–18) and Zyroslaw ( Bishop of Wroclaw , 1112–20). Thomas Bisson argued that

473-711: Is the central Polish library, subject directly to the Ministry of Culture and National Heritage of the Republic of Poland . The main seat of the National Library is located in Ochota district of Warsaw , adjacent to the Mokotów Field . It is one of the oldest cultural institutions in Poland, operating in 1747–1795 as Załuski Library , reactivated in 1928. The library collects books, journals, electronic and audiovisual publications published in

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516-722: The Chronica seu originale regum et principum Poloniae , older by roughly a century. The oldest known copy of the work is currently owned by National Library of Poland in Warsaw . The title intended for or originally given to the work is not clear. In the initial capital of the text in the Zamoyski Codex, a rubric styles the work the Cronica Polonorum , while in the same manuscript the preface of Book I opens with Incipiunt Cronice et gesta ducum sive principum Polonorum ("[Here] begins

559-571: The Codex Czartoryscianus , this is an independent witness to the original text. It is currently in the National Library in Warsaw as Ms. 8006 , fols. 119–247. The Heilsberg text omits large sections of text present in the other two manuscripts, for instance omitting several chapters like 27 and 28 in Book I. The text of the Gesta was printed for the first time in 1749, when an edition based on

602-692: The General Government in the more eastern part of German-occupied Poland or to forced labour in Germany. The Germans also operated a forced labour subcamp of the Stalag II-B prisoner-of-war camp for Allied POWs in Ujście. In 1945, Ujście was entirely restored to Poland and reunited. There is Saint Nicholas Church with a Calvary reminding the Crucifixion of Jesus . This Piła County location article

645-521: The Imperial Public Library on its formation in 1795. Parts of the collection were damaged or destroyed as they were mishandled while being removed from the library and transported to Russia, and many were stolen. According to the historian Joachim Lelewel , the Zaluskis' books, "could be bought at Grodno by the basket". Because of that, when Poland regained her independence in 1918, there

688-576: The Potocki Palace in Warsaw became home for the special collections. A new, purpose-built building for the library was planned in what is now the Mokotów Field , in a planned monumental "Government District". However, its construction was hampered by the outbreak of World War II. Before World War II, the library collections consisted of: In 1940 the Nazi occupants changed the National Library into Municipal Library of Warsaw and divided it as follows: In 1944

731-451: The 18th century ( Załuski Library ) including items from the collections of John III Sobieski which were obtained from his grand daughter Maria Karolina Sobieska , Duchess of Bouillon. However, the Załuski collection was confiscated by troops of Russian tsarina Catherine II in the aftermath of the second Partition of Poland and sent to Saint Petersburg , where the books formed the mass of

774-651: The 19th to 21st centuries. Notable items in the collection include 151 leaves of the Codex Suprasliensis , which was inscribed in UNESCO's Memory of the World Programme Register in 2007 in recognition for its supranational and supraregional significance. In 2012 the library signed an agreement to add 1.3 million Polish library records to WorldCat . The Catalogue of the Archbishops of Gniezno and Lives of

817-467: The Baltic Prussians . The Gesta is not extant in the original, but instead survives in three different manuscripts representing two different traditions. The Codex Zamoyscianus (Z) and Codex Czartoryscianus (S) represent the first, and earliest documented tradition, the latter being derived from the former. The Heilsberg codex, though later and surviving in less detail, is an independent witness to

860-465: The Bishops of Cracow by Jan Długosz is a 16th-century manuscript illuminated by Stanislaw Samostrzelnik between 1531 and 1535. Today it resides in the collection of the National Library in Warsaw. A selection of illuminated Breviary pages from various unknown miniaturists working in and around Paris, Bruges and Gent in the middle of the 15th century. A breviary (from Latin brevis, 'short' or 'concise')

903-631: The Heilsberg Codex was published by Gottfried Lengnich , reprinted two decades later by Laurence Mizler de Kolof, and has since been printed in many editions. Knoll & Schaer Jan Wincenty Bandtkie, who also used Heilsberg, was the first to utilise the Codex Zamoyscianus tradition. As the Heilsberg Codex was "lost" between the 1830s and the 1890s, texts in this period make no original use of it. Finkel & Kętrzyński's 1898 edition likewise makes no use of Heilsberg. Julian Krzyżanowski produced

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946-544: The books and manuscripts from the Wilanów Palace Museum to the library, some 40 thousand volumes and 20 thousand pictures from the collection of Stanisław Kostka Potocki . Initially the National Library lacked a seat of its own. Because of that, the collections had to be accommodated in several places. The main reading room was located in the newly built library building of the Warsaw School of Economics . In 1935

989-491: The chronicles and deeds of the dukes or princes of the Poles"). The incipit for Book II entitles the work Liber Tertii Bolezlaui ("Book of Boleslaus III"), and that for Book III Liber de Gestis Boleslaui III ("Book of the Deeds of Boleslaus III"). These however are not reliable as such things are often added later. The latest editors and only English translators of the text style it Gesta principum Polonorum ("the deeds of

1032-462: The collection: The National Library houses the Fryderyk Chopin manuscript collection, the largest collection of the composer's work. It also holds works from other important composers such as Józef Elsner , Karol Szymanowski , Grażyna Bacewicz , Witold Lutosławski and Krzysztof Komeda . From May 2024, the most valuable objects from the collection of the National Library are presented at

1075-492: The first facsimile in the 1940s, while in the 1950s Karol Maleczyński's edition was the first to collate all three manuscripts. The text has been fully translated several times. It was translated into Polish by Roman Grodescki by 1923, though this was not published until 1965. There was a Russian translation in 1961, a German translation in 1978 and an English translation in 2003. National Library of Poland The National Library ( Polish : Biblioteka Narodowa , BN )

1118-665: The historian Jan Długosz , came into possession of it. It was later in the library of the counts of Zamość , but is now in the National Library in Warsaw as Ms. BOZ cim. 28 . From May 2024, the manuscript is presented at a permanent exhibition in the Palace of the Commonwealth . A second version of the Gesta lies in the Codex Czartoryscianus , also called the Sędziwój Codex . Between 1434 and 1439 Sandivogius of Czechło had

1161-710: The legendary Piast the Wheelwright ), and their wars against the neighbouring Germanic and Slavic peoples such as the Rus , the Bohemians , the Pomeranians , the Mazovians and the obscure Selencians . The first Book claims to rely on oral tradition, and is largely legendary in character until the reign of Mieszko I . The earlier material tells of the rises of the Piasts from peasants to ruler,

1204-462: The preface of the Gesta fixes completion of the origin text between 1112 and 1118. The last event mentioned in the work is the pilgrimage of Boleslaus III to Székesfehérvár in Hungary, which occurred in either 1112 or 1113. The work was almost certainly completed before the revolt of Skarbimir in 1117–18. There is some evidence that several interpolations were added subsequently. For instance, there

1247-447: The princes of the Poles"), primarily to acknowledge its faith with the gesta genre (and the likely authenticity of this part of the title) and to avoid confusion with the later work known as the Chronica principum Poloniae ("chronicle of the princes of Poland"). The author of the Gesta is unknown, but is referred to by historiographic convention as "Gallus", a Latin word for a "person from France or Gaul" (though also, potentially,

1290-458: The reign of Boleslaus III. As he stated that "the city of Gniezno ... means "nest" in Slavonic, it is thought that the author may have known the language of the country. All that is certain is that he was a monk and a foreigner living in Poland, perhaps on a Polish benefice . Generally, it is thought that the original text was composed at some point between 1112 and 1117. The dedicatory letter on

1333-613: The schools of central France, likely Tours or Orléans . Plezia and others further argue that Gallus' extensive knowledge of Hungary testify to connections there, postulating a connection to the Benedictine monastery of Somogyvár in Hungary, a daughter-house of St Gilles'. He appears to have been closely connected to the Awdańcy clan, a kindred of Norse or Rus origin who had been successful under Boleslaus II, and who had been exiled to Hungary but returned to prominence in Polish affairs during

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1376-545: The special collections were set ablaze by the Nazi occupants as a part of repressions after the Warsaw Uprising . This caused the destruction of 80,000 early printed books, including priceless 16th–18th century Polonica, 26,000 manuscripts, 2,500 incunables, 100,000 drawings and engravings, 50,000 pieces of sheet music and theatre materials. It is estimated that out of over six million volumes in Warsaw's major libraries in 1939, 3.6 million volumes were lost during World War II,

1419-464: The tasks of a modern national library in developing collections covering the entire body of Polish literature and making available to the public. Literature and making those works accessible to the public receives a copy of every book published in Poland as legal deposit . The Jagiellonian Library is the only other library in Poland to have a national library status. There are three general sections: The National Library's history has origins in

1462-468: The territory of Poland, as well as Polonica published abroad. It is the most important humanities research library, the main archive of Polish writing and the state centre of bibliographic information about books. It also plays a significant role as a research facility and is an important methodological center for other Polish libraries. The National Library was one of the first libraries in Europe that fulfilled

1505-478: The text and constitutes the second distinct tradition. The earliest version lies in the manuscript known as the Codex Zamoyscianus or Zamoyski Codex . This was written down in the late 14th-century, probably in Kraków between 1380 and 1392. It was located in the library of the Łaski family until the 15th century. Thereabouts Sandivogius (Sędziwój) of Czechłoj (d. 1476), a canon of Gniezno Cathedral and friend of

1548-457: The text was primarily written in the gesta genre of Latin literature as a celebration of Duke Boleslaus III Wrymouth , defending his actions and legimizing his dynasty (compare the near-contemporary Deeds of Louis the Fat ). The work is divided into three books, focused on genealogy, politics and warfare. Book one, of 31 chapters, treats the deeds of the ancestors of Boleslaus III (beginning with

1591-523: The village of Deutsch Usch. Following the joint German-Soviet invasion of Poland , which started World War II in 1939, the town was occupied by Germany . Local Polish craftsmen were among the victims of a massacre of Poles from the region carried out by the German police in nearby Morzewo as part of the Intelligenzaktion . In 1939–1940, the German police, gendarmerie and Selbstschutz carried out expulsions of Poles , who were deported either to

1634-439: Was a French monk, the one who lived during the times of Boleslaus III. It was the very first time when the author was referred to as "Gallus". In Gottfried Lengnich's printed edition, Lengnich named the author as "Martin Gallus" based on a misreading of Jan Długosz , where Gallus was conflated with Martin of Opava . Martin Gallus became the standard name in German scholarship for some time to come, though this identification

1677-441: Was closely connected with the Benedictine monastery of Saint-Gilles . Another historian, Karol Maleczyński, argued that the evidence suggests a connection with Flanders , while Danuta Borawska and Tomasz Jasiński have argued based on stylistic evidence that he was connected with Venice and that he authored an anonymous translatio of St Nicholas. Marian Plezia argued in 1984 that his writing style suggests an education in one of

1720-479: Was in Łekno monastery (Greater Poland) in 1378, and had been transferred to the monastery at Trzemeszno before coming into the hands of Martin Kromer , Bishop of Warmia (1579–1589). Between the mid-16th century and the 18th century, the manuscript was located in the German-speaking Prussian town of Heilsberg (today the Polish town of Lidzbark Warmiński ), hence the name. Unlike the version in

1763-456: Was most likely completed between 1112 and 1118, and its extant text is present in three manuscripts with two distinct traditions. Its anonymous author is traditionally called Gallus (a name which means "Gaul"), a foreigner and outcast from an unknown country, who travelled to the Kingdom of Poland via Hungary . Gesta was commissioned by Poland's then ruler, Boleslaus III Wrymouth ; Gallus expected

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1806-461: Was no central institution to serve in the capacity of a national library. On 24 February 1928, by the decree of president Ignacy Mościcki , the National Library was created in its modern form. It was opened in 1930 and initially had 200 thousand volumes. Its first Director General was Stefan Demby, succeeded in 1934 by Stefan Vrtel-Wierczyński . The collections of the library were rapidly extended. For instance, in 1932 president Mościcki donated all of

1849-579: Was the site of the Battle of Ujście during the Swedish invasion of Poland . In the Second Partition of Poland in 1793, when it was annexed by Prussia , and from 1871 it was part of Germany . Following the restoration of independent Poland after World War I , in 1920, the town was divided into two parts. The greater part was restored to Poland as the town of Ujście, and a smaller part remained within Germany as

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