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32-672: At Khong Chiam the Mun River , the biggest river of the Khorat Plateau , joins the Mekong , which forms the northeastern boundary of Thailand with Laos. It is called "Maenam Song Si" or the "Mun River alluvium" because the brown water from Mekong River mixes with the blue water of the Mun. It is about 84 km (52 mi) from Ubon Ratchathani city centre. The area in the Dângrêk Mountains where

64-612: A dominant language in all aspects of society in Thailand, Thai initially saw gradual and later widespread adoption as a second language among the country's minority ethnic groups from the mid-late Ayutthaya period onward. Ethnic minorities today are predominantly bilingual, speaking Thai alongside their native language or dialect. Standard Thai is classified as one of the Chiang Saen languages—others being Northern Thai , Southern Thai and numerous smaller languages, which together with

96-533: A four-way distinction among stops and affricates . The maximal four-way occurred in labials ( /p pʰ b ʔb/ ) and denti-alveolars ( /t tʰ d ʔd/ ); the three-way distinction among velars ( /k kʰ ɡ/ ) and palatals ( /tɕ tɕʰ dʑ/ ), with the glottalized member of each set apparently missing. The major change between old and modern Thai was due to voicing distinction losses and the concomitant tone split . This may have happened between about 1300 and 1600 CE, possibly occurring at different times in different parts of

128-425: A province. Ubon Ratchathani was the administrative center of the monthon Isan, of which monthon Ubon was split off. In 1925 it became part of monthon Nakhon Ratchasima, with the abolishment of the monthon in 1933 the province became a first level subdivision of the country. The provincial seal shows a lotus flower in a pond. This alludes to the meaning of the name of the province, which translates to 'royal city of

160-525: A syllable that formerly began with a voiceless consonant (including glottalized stops). An additional complication is that formerly voiceless unaspirated stops/affricates (original /p t k tɕ ʔb ʔd/ ) also caused original tone 1 to lower, but had no such effect on original tones 2 or 3. The above consonant mergers and tone splits account for the complex relationship between spelling and sound in modern Thai. Modern "low"-class consonants were voiced in Old Thai, and

192-646: Is Sunpasitthiprasong Hospital . Ubon Ratchathani is served by Ubon Ratchathani Airport . Ubon Ratchathani Railway Station is the main railway station in Ubon Ratchathani. Ubon Ratchathani province is the home of Ubon Ratchathani University . The province is divided into 25 districts ( amphoe ). The districts are further divided into 219 subdistricts ( tambons ) and 2,469 villages ( mubans ). As of 26 November 2019 there are: one Ubon Ratchathani Provincial Administration Organisation ( ongkan borihan suan changwat ) and 60 municipal ( thesaban ) areas in

224-588: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Thai language Thai , or Central Thai (historically Siamese ; Thai: ภาษาไทย ), is a Tai language of the Kra–Dai language family spoken by the Central Thai , Mon , Lao Wiang , Phuan people in Central Thailand and the vast majority of Thai Chinese enclaves throughout the country. It is the sole official language of Thailand . Thai

256-500: Is based on the register of the educated classes by Central Thai and ethnic minorities in the area along the ring surrounding the Metropolis . In addition to Central Thai, Thailand is home to other related Tai languages . Although most linguists classify these dialects as related but distinct languages, native speakers often identify them as regional variants or dialects of the "same" Thai language, or as "different kinds of Thai". As

288-553: Is based on the dialect of the central Thai people, and it is written in the Thai script . Hlai languages Kam-Sui languages Kra languages Be language Northern Tai languages Central Tai languages Khamti language Tai Lue language Shan language others Northern Thai language Thai language Southern Thai language Tai Yo language Phuthai language Lao language (PDR Lao, Isan language ) Thai has undergone various historical sound changes. Some of

320-452: Is the easternmost district ( amphoe ) of Ubon Ratchathani province of Thailand . The area of the district was the central district khwaeng of Mueang Khong Chiam, which is now Si Mueang Mai district . On 1 January 1957 the three tambons Khong Chiam, Huai Yang, and Pho Klang were split off from Khong Chiam to form the Ban Dan minor district ( king amphoe ). On 11 December 1959 it

352-479: Is the language of television, education, news reporting, and all forms of media. A recent research found that the speakers of the Northern Thai language (also known as Phasa Mueang or Kham Mueang) have become so few, as most people in northern Thailand now invariably speak Standard Thai, so that they are now using mostly Central Thai words and only seasoning their speech with the "Kham Mueang" accent. Standard Thai

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384-427: Is the most spoken of over 60 languages of Thailand by both number of native and overall speakers. Over half of its vocabulary is derived from or borrowed from Pali , Sanskrit , Mon and Old Khmer . It is a tonal and analytic language . Thai has a complex orthography and system of relational markers . Spoken Thai, depending on standard sociolinguistic factors such as age, gender, class, spatial proximity, and

416-478: The Human achievement index (HAI), a composite index covering all the eight key areas of human development. National Economic and Social Development Board (NESDB) has taken over this task since 2017. 15°13′46″N 104°51′04″E  /  15.22944°N 104.85111°E  / 15.22944; 104.85111 Khong Chiam District Khong Chiam ( Thai : โขงเจียม , pronounced [kʰǒːŋ tɕīam] )

448-597: The Mun River before it empties into the Mekong River in this district. The Kaeng Tana and Pha Taem national parks are in Khong Chiam District. The district is divided into five sub-districts ( tambons ), which are further subdivided into 50 villages ( mubans ). The township ( thesaban tambon ) Ban Dan covers parts of tambon Khong Chiam. There are a further five tambon administrative organizations (TAO). This Ubon Ratchathani Province location article

480-547: The Khmer system first before the Thai borrowed. Old Thai had a three-way tone distinction on "live syllables" (those not ending in a stop), with no possible distinction on "dead syllables" (those ending in a stop, i.e. either /p/, /t/, /k/ or the glottal stop that automatically closes syllables otherwise ending in a short vowel). There was a two-way voiced vs. voiceless distinction among all fricative and sonorant consonants, and up to

512-609: The Northwestern Tai and Lao-Phutai languages, form the Southwestern branch of Tai languages . The Tai languages are a branch of the Kra–Dai language family , which encompasses a large number of indigenous languages spoken in an arc from Hainan and Guangxi south through Laos and Northern Vietnam to the Cambodian border. Standard Thai is the principal language of education and government and spoken throughout Thailand. The standard

544-484: The Thai-speaking area. All voiced–voiceless pairs of consonants lost the voicing distinction: However, in the process of these mergers, the former distinction of voice was transferred into a new set of tonal distinctions. In essence, every tone in Old Thai split into two new tones, with a lower-pitched tone corresponding to a syllable that formerly began with a voiced consonant, and a higher-pitched tone corresponding to

576-506: The borders of the three countries, Thailand, Laos, and Cambodia meet is promoted as the "Emerald Triangle", in contrast to the " Golden Triangle " in the north of Thailand. "Emerald" refers to the largely intact monsoon forests there. The total forest area is 2,808 km (1,084 sq mi) or 18 percent of provincial area. The city was founded in the late 18th century by Thao Kham Phong, descendant of Phra Wo and Phra Ta, who escaped from King Siribunsan of Vientiane into Siam Kingdom during

608-519: The city in both downtown and in the rural area. This business runs the city lively. People tend to hang out on the weekend. Ubon Ratchathani boasts the following national parks: There are four national parks, along with two other national parks, make up region 9 (Ubon Ratchathani) of Thailand's protected areas. There are two wildlife sanctuaries, along with four other wildlife sanctuaries, make up region 9 (Ubon Ratchathani) of Thailand's protected areas. The main hospital of Ubon Ratchathani province

640-515: The local patois as pronounced in Guangdong Ayutthaya , the old capital of Thailand from 1351 - 1767 A.D., was from the beginning a bilingual society, speaking Thai and Khmer . Bilingualism must have been strengthened and maintained for some time by the great number of Khmer-speaking captives the Thais took from Angkor Thom after their victories in 1369, 1388 and 1431. Gradually toward the end of

672-451: The lotus flower'. The provincial flower is the lotus ( Nymphaea lotus ). The provincial tree is the Yang-na ( Dipterocarpus alatus ). Black-eared catfish ( Pangasius larnaudii ) is the provincial aquatic animal. Ubon Ratchathani is the nation's leading rice-producing province. It earns more than 10 billion baht a year from rice sales. Ubonratchathani has many coffee cafes around

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704-547: The most significant changes occurred during the evolution from Old Thai to modern Thai. The Thai writing system has an eight-century history and many of these changes, especially in consonants and tones, are evidenced in the modern orthography . According to a Chinese source, during the Ming dynasty , Yingya Shenglan (1405–1433), Ma Huan reported on the language of the Xiānluó (暹羅) or Ayutthaya Kingdom, saying that it somewhat resembled

736-415: The period, a language shift took place. Khmer fell out of use. Both Thai and Khmer descendants whose great-grand parents or earlier ancestors were bilingual came to use only Thai. In the process of language shift, an abundance of Khmer elements were transferred into Thai and permeated all aspects of the language. Consequently, the Thai of the late Ayutthaya Period which later became Ratanakosin or Bangkok Thai,

768-543: The province. Ubon Ratchathani has city ( thesaban nakhon ) status. Chaeramae, Det Udom, Phibun Mangsahan and Warin Chamrap have town ( thesaban mueang ) status. Further 54 subdistrict municipalities ( thesaban tambon ). The non-municipal areas are administered by 179 Subdistrict Administrative Organisations – SAO ( ongkan borihan suan tambon ). Since 2003, United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) in Thailand has tracked progress on human development at sub-national level using

800-490: The reign of King Taksin the Great . Later Thao Kham Phong was appointed to be "Phra Pathum Wongsa" The first ruler of Ubon Ratchathani . In 1792, Ubon Ratchathani became a province, and was also the administrative center of the monthon Isan. Until 1972, Ubon Ratchathani was the largest province of Thailand by area. Yasothon was split off from Ubon Ratchathani in 1972, followed by Amnat Charoen in 1993. Before it became

832-484: The royal vocabulary according to their immediate environment. Thai and Pali, the latter from Theravada Buddhism, were added to the vocabulary. An investigation of the Ayutthaya Rajasap reveals that three languages, Thai, Khmer and Khmero-Indic were at work closely both in formulaic expressions and in normal discourse. In fact, Khmero-Indic may be classified in the same category as Khmer because Indic had been adapted to

864-535: The terminology "low" reflects the lower tone variants that resulted. Modern "mid"-class consonants were voiceless unaspirated stops or affricates in Old Thai—precisely the class that triggered lowering in original tone 1 but not tones 2 or 3. Modern "high"-class consonants were the remaining voiceless consonants in Old Thai (voiceless fricatives, voiceless sonorants, voiceless aspirated stops). The three most common tone "marks" (the lack of any tone mark, as well as

896-423: The two marks termed mai ek and mai tho ) represent the three tones of Old Thai, and the complex relationship between tone mark and actual tone is due to the various tonal changes since then. Since the tone split, the tones have changed in actual representation to the point that the former relationship between lower and higher tonal variants has been completely obscured. Furthermore, the six tones that resulted after

928-508: The urban/rural divide, is partly mutually intelligible with Lao , Isan , and some fellow Thai topolects . These languages are written with slightly different scripts, but are linguistically similar and effectively form a dialect continuum . Thai language is spoken by over 69 million people (2020). Moreover, most Thais in the northern (Lanna) and the northeastern (Isan) parts of the country today are bilingual speakers of Central Thai and their respective regional dialects because Central Thai

960-518: The word chiang (เจียง), which means 'tribute'. Overall, it can be meaning 'city with elephants live together in large herds'. Neighboring districts are (from the south clockwise) Sirindhorn , Phibun Mangsahan , and Si Mueang Mai . To the east across the Mekong River are the Laotian provinces of Salavan and Champasak . Khong Chiam is the easternmost point of Thailand. The Pak Mun Dam stops

992-449: Was a thorough mixture of Thai and Khmer. There were more Khmer words in use than Tai cognates. Khmer grammatical rules were used actively to coin new disyllabic and polysyllabic words and phrases. Khmer expressions, sayings, and proverbs were expressed in Thai through transference. Thais borrowed both the Royal vocabulary and rules to enlarge the vocabulary from Khmer. The Thais later developed

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1024-462: Was elevated to a full district. On 14 September 1971 the district was renamed "Khong Chiam", while the former district Khong Chiam was renamed "Si Mueang Mai", as the historical center of Mueang Khong Chiam was in this district. It is thought that the name Khong Chiam comes from the word khong (โขง) meaning 'chief of elephants' or 'herd of elephants' ( khlong ; โขลง in Thai) and chiam (เจียม) from

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