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32-460: The submarine was laid down on 10 October 1941 at the DeSchiMAG AG Weser yard at Bremen as yard number 1045, launched on 11 July 1942 and commissioned on 28 November. She was commanded by Ritterkreuz recipient Kapitänleutnant Hans-Werner Kraus , who had previously successfully commanded U-47 and U-83 . After training with the 4th U-boat Flotilla at Stettin , U-199

64-711: A Hudson of the 396th Bombardment Squadron (Medium) , United States Army Air Forces (USAAF). A Hudson of No. 113 Squadron RCAF became the first aircraft of the RCAF's Eastern Air Command to sink a submarine, when Hudson 625 sank U-754 on 31 July 1942. A Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) Hudson was involved in the Canberra air disaster of 1940, in which three ministers of the Australian government were killed. On 10 August 1942 RAAF 13 squadron sank IJN auxiliary netlayer Fukuei Maru No. 15 off Beco, Portuguese Timor . In 1941,

96-410: A maximum surface speed of 20.8 knots (38.5 km/h; 23.9 mph) and a maximum submerged speed of 6.9 knots (12.8 km/h; 7.9 mph). When submerged, the boat could operate for 121 nautical miles (224 km; 139 mi) at 2 knots (3.7 km/h; 2.3 mph); when surfaced, she could travel 12,750 nautical miles (23,610 km; 14,670 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph). U-199

128-479: A naval vessel. The Germans were taken prisoner and the submarine taken under tow when Royal Navy ships subsequently arrived on the scene. A PBO-1 Hudson of the United States Navy squadron VP-82 became the first US aircraft to destroy a German submarine, when it sank U-656 southwest of Newfoundland on 1 March 1942. U-701 was destroyed on 7 July 1942 while running on the surface off Cape Hatteras by

160-470: A total length of 87.58 m (287 ft 4 in), a pressure hull length of 68.50 m (224 ft 9 in), a beam of 7.50 m (24 ft 7 in), a height of 10.20 m (33 ft 6 in), and a draught of 5.35 m (17 ft 7 in). The submarine was powered by two MAN M 9 V 40/46 supercharged four-stroke, nine-cylinder diesel engines plus two MWM RS34.5S six-cylinder four-stroke diesel engines for cruising, producing

192-420: A total of 9,000 metric horsepower (6,620 kW; 8,880 shp) for use while surfaced, two Siemens-Schuckert 2 GU 345/34 double-acting electric motors producing a total of 1,000 shaft horsepower (1,010 PS; 750 kW) for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two 1.85 m (6 ft) propellers . The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to 200 metres (660 ft). The submarine had

224-456: Is believed to date back to Ancient Greece or Ancient Rome and were intended to " pay the ferryman " to convey the souls of the dead across the River Styx should the ship sink. The first milestone in the history of a ship is the generally simple ceremony that marks the laying of the keel. Shipyard officials issue invitations to the ceremony, and they conduct the ceremony. The builder may be

256-417: Is the first joining of modular components, or the lowering of the first module into place in the building dock. It is now often called "keel authentication" and is the ceremonial beginning of the ship's life, although some modules may have been started months before that stage of construction. Keel-related traditions from the times of wooden ships are said to bring luck to the ship during construction and to

288-514: The Battle of Dunkirk . On 23 July 1941 a Hudson shot down a Focke-Wulf Fw 200 Condor , while escorting a shipping convoy off Ireland. On 27 August 1941, a Hudson of No. 269 Squadron RAF , operating from Kaldadarnes, Iceland , attacked and damaged the German submarine  U-570 causing the submarine's crew to display a white flag and surrender – the aircraft achieved the unusual distinction of capturing

320-744: The Royal Australian Air Force . In late 1937 Lockheed sent a cutaway drawing of the Model 14 to various publications, showing the new aircraft as a civilian aircraft and converted to a light bomber. This attracted the interest of various air forces and in 1938, the British Purchasing Commission sought an American maritime patrol aircraft for the United Kingdom to support the Avro Anson . The Commission ordered 200 aircraft for use by

352-635: The gap between Iceland and the Faroe Islands , before heading south and had crossed the Equator by 17 June, targeting ships in the South Atlantic Ocean. Operating off the Brazilian coast, she torpedoed and damaged the Brazilian armed merchant ship Bury , which returned fire and managed to escape. On 4 July, the submarine was spotted on the surface by the small fishing boat Changri-Lá . The Brazilian boat

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384-724: The 1,200 hp Pratt & Whitney R-1830 Twin Wasp 14-cylinder two-row radial. The RAF also obtained 380 Mk IIIA and 30 Mk IV Hudsons under the Lend-Lease program. By February 1939, RAF Hudsons began to be delivered, initially equipping No. 224 Squadron RAF at RAF Leuchars , Scotland in May 1939. By the start of the war in September, 78 Hudsons were in service. Due to the United States' neutrality at that time, early series aircraft were flown to

416-625: The Canada–US border, landed, and then towed on their wheels over the border into Canada by tractors or horse drawn teams, before then being flown to Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF) airfields where they were then dismantled and "cocooned" for transport as deck cargo, by ship to Liverpool . The Hudsons were supplied without the Boulton Paul dorsal turret, which was installed on arrival in the United Kingdom. Although later outclassed by larger bombers,

448-526: The Catalina was 2º Ten.-Av. (2nd Lt.) Alberto M. Torres, who later went to Italy as part of 1st Brazilian Fighter Squadron . Forty-nine of the crew were killed, although twelve Germans managed to escape including the captain. This was possible due to the actions of the Catalina's crew, who threw a lifeboat to the survivors. They were rescued by the USS ; Barnegat and taken to Brazil, and then on to captivity in

480-680: The Hudson achieved some significant feats during the first half of the war. On 8 October 1939, over Jutland , a Hudson became the first Allied aircraft operating from the British Isles to shoot down an enemy aircraft (earlier victories by a Fairey Battle on 20 September 1939 over Aachen and by Blackburn Skuas of the Fleet Air Arm on 26 September 1939 had been by aircraft based in France or on an aircraft carrier ). Hudsons also provided top cover during

512-484: The Japanese pilots in a dogfight for more than 10 minutes. It was only after Sakai scored hits on the rear/upper turret that the Hudson could be destroyed. Its crew made such an impression on Sakai that, after the war's end, he sought to identify them. In 1997, Sakai wrote formally to the Australian government, recommending that Cowan be "posthumously awarded your country's highest military decoration ". On 23 November 1942,

544-634: The Royal Air Force and the first aircraft started flight trials from Burbank, California on 10 December 1938. The flight trials showed no major issues, and deliveries to the RAF began on 15 February 1939. Production was sped up after the British indicated they would order another 50 aircraft if the original 200 could be delivered before the end of 1939. Lockheed sub-contracted some parts assembly to Rohr Aircraft Corp of San Diego and increased its workforce, allowing

576-828: The USAAF began operating the Hudson; the Twin Wasp-powered variant was designated the A-28 (82 acquired) and the Cyclone-powered variant was designated the A-29 (418 acquired). The US Navy operated 20 A-29s, redesignated the PBO-1 . A further 300 were built as aircrew trainers, designated the AT-18 . Following Japanese landings at Kota Bharu during the Malayan campaign , Hudsons from No. 1 Squadron RAAF became

608-490: The United States. Keel laying Laying the keel or laying down is the formal recognition of the start of a ship's construction . It is often marked with a ceremony attended by dignitaries from the shipbuilding company and the ultimate owners of the ship. Keel laying is one of the four specially celebrated events in a ship's life; the others are launching , commissioning , and decommissioning . Earlier,

640-399: The captain and crew during her later life. They include placing a newly minted coin under the keel and constructing the ship over it, having the youngest apprentice place the coin, and, when the ship is finished, presenting the owners with the oak block on which the keel is laid. The tradition of the placement of coins derives from the mast stepping custom of placing coins under the mast and

672-416: The commander of a naval shipyard or the president of a private company. The ship's prospective name, without the "USS", is mentioned in the invitation, if known; otherwise, her type and number are given, e.g., DD 2217. For submarines, they do not have a keel to be laid; instead, the initials of the ship sponsor are welded on a steel plate during the ceremony. The plate will be mounted in a place of honor on

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704-600: The company to produce the 250th aircraft seven and a half weeks before the deadline. A total of 350 Mk I and 20 Mk II Hudsons were supplied (the Mk II had different propellers ). These had two fixed Browning machine guns in the nose and two more in the Boulton Paul dorsal turret . The Hudson Mk III added one ventral and two beam machine guns and replaced the 1,100 hp Wright R-1820 Cyclone 9-cylinder radials with 1,200 hp versions (428 produced). The Hudson Mk V (309 produced) and Mk VI (450 produced) were powered by

736-683: The crew of a No. 3 Squadron, Royal New Zealand Air Force (RNZAF) Hudson Mk IIIA, NZ2049 , ( 41-46465 ) after spotting an enemy convoy near Vella Lavella , was engaged by three Japanese floatplane fighters. After skilled evasive manoeuvring at an altitude of less than 50 feet (15 metres), by the Hudson's captain, Flying Officer George Gudsell, the crew returned with no casualties to Henderson Field , Guadalcanal. Hudsons were also operated by RAF Special Duties squadrons for clandestine operations; No. 161 Squadron in Europe and No. 357 Squadron in Burma . After

768-399: The event recognized as the keel laying was the initial placement of the central timber making up the backbone of a vessel, called the keel . As steel ships replaced wooden ones, the central timber gave way to a central steel beam. Modern ships are most commonly built in a series of pre-fabricated, complete hull sections rather than around a single keel. The event recognized as the keel laying

800-554: The first Allied aircraft to make an attack in the Pacific War , sinking a Japanese transport ship, the Awazisan Maru , off Kota Bharu at 0118h local time, an hour before the attack on Pearl Harbor . Its opponents found that the Hudson had exceptional manoeuvrability for a twin-engine aircraft; it was notable for the tight turns achievable if either engine was briefly feathered . High-scoring Japanese ace Saburō Sakai , praised

832-598: The skill and fighting abilities of an RAAF Hudson crew killed in action over New Guinea after being engaged by nine highly manoeuvrable Mitsubishi A6M Zeroes on 22 July 1942. The crew, captained by P/O Warren Cowan, in Hudson Mk IIIA A16-201 (bu. no. 41-36979 ) of No. 32 Squadron RAAF , was intercepted over Buna by nine Zeroes of the Tainan Kaigun Kōkūtai led by Sakai. The Hudson crew accomplished many aggressive and unexpected turns, engaging

864-676: The submarine once built. Lockheed Hudson The Lockheed Hudson is a light bomber and coastal reconnaissance aircraft built by the American Lockheed Aircraft Corporation . It was initially put into service by the Royal Air Force shortly before the outbreak of the Second World War and primarily operated by it thereafter. The Hudson was a military conversion of the Model 14 Super Electra airliner, and

896-552: The war, numbers of Hudsons were sold by the military for civil operation as airliners and survey aircraft. In Australia, East-West Airlines of Tamworth, New South Wales (NSW), operated four Hudsons on scheduled services from Tamworth to many towns in NSW and Queensland between 1950 and 1955. Adastra Aerial Surveys based at Sydney's Mascot Airport operated seven L-414s between 1950 and 1972 on air taxi, survey and photographic flights. A total of 2,941 Hudsons were built. The type formed

928-478: Was fitted with six 53.3 cm (21 in) torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and two at the stern), 24 torpedoes , one 10.5 cm (4.13 in) SK C/32 naval gun , 150 rounds, and a 3.7 cm (1.5 in) SK C/30 with 2,575 rounds as well as two 2 cm (0.79 in) C/30 anti-aircraft guns with 8,100 rounds. The boat had a complement of fifty-five. U-199 sailed from Kiel on 13 May 1943 on her first and only operational patrol; she negotiated

960-605: Was sunk with the loss of all hands by gunfire. U-199 had her first and only significant success, sinking the British merchant ship Henzada on 25 July. U-199 was found on the surface, off Rio de Janeiro , in position 23°54′S 42°54′W  /  23.900°S 42.900°W  / -23.900; -42.900 , by three aircraft, a PBY Catalina, a Lockheed Hudson (both Brazilian), and an American Martin PBM Mariner of VP-74 on 31 July. The Catalina, codenamed Arará , hit U-199 with depth charges , sinking her. The pilot of

992-509: Was the first significant aircraft construction contract for Lockheed — the initial RAF order for 200 Hudsons far surpassed any previous order the company had received. The Hudson served throughout the war, mainly with Coastal Command but also in transport and training roles, as well as delivering agents into occupied France . It was also used extensively with the Royal Canadian Air Force 's anti-submarine squadrons and by

German submarine U-199 - Misplaced Pages Continue

1024-539: Was transferred to the 12th U-boat Flotilla for front-line service from 1 May 1943. She was sunk off the Brazilian coast on 31 July 1943 by the Brazilian Air Force Consolidated PBY Catalina flying boat "Arará". German Type IXD2 submarines were considerably larger than the original Type IXs . U-199 had a displacement of 1,610 tonnes (1,580 long tons) when at the surface and 1,799 tonnes (1,771 long tons) while submerged. The U-boat had

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