Töretam ( Kazakh : Төретам , romanized : Töretam ; Russian : Тюратам , romanized : Tyuratam ) is a station on the main Moscow to Tashkent railway , located in Kazakhstan . The name means "Töre's grave" in the Kazakh language. Töre, or more formally, Töre-Baba, was a nobleman and descendant of Genghis Khan . Töretam is near the Baikonur Cosmodrome , a Russian – formerly Soviet – spaceport , and near the city of Baikonur (formerly Leninsk, Baiqongyr in Kazakh), which was constructed to service the cosmodrome.
6-568: In the mid-1950s, the Soviet Union announced that space activities were being conducted from the Baikonur Cosmodrome, which was assumed to be near the mining village of Baikonur , in the Kazakh SSR , before there was a city of the same name. In reality, the launch facilities were located 400 kilometres (250 mi) to the southwest at Töretam near the city of Leninsk. At a press conference for
12-474: A . . . name for it, Tom? Deke Slayton said if they wanted to use the name the Soviets commonly used, they would have to say Baikonur. Although it is likely the Soviets originally called it Baikonur to hide its location, the Baikonur Cosmodrome quickly surpassed the original village of Baikonur's fame and importance. In 1995, the city that was founded to the south of Töretam to support the cosmodrome, named Leninsk by
18-462: Is a small mining town in central Kazakhstan near Jezkazgan . Coal mining began in 1914. In 1961, the name was appropriated for the Baikonur Cosmodrome about 320 kilometres southwest of the older mining town; some sources state this was done in order to keep the actual location of the cosmodrome secret. Leninsk, the town built to support the cosmodrome, was renamed Baikonur in 1995 after
24-580: The Apollo-Soyuz Test Project , Jules Bergman of ABC News said to astronaut Thomas P. Stafford , Baikonur, if you'll look on the coordinates, is 135 miles [217 km] away or something. Tyuratam may only be a railhead, but it is the Tyuratam Launch Complex. They call it Baikonur, I know. . . . I'm going to call it Tyuratam. ABC is going to call it Tyuratam. SAC calls it Tyuratam. Can we once and for all straighten that out and arrive at
30-587: The Soviets, was officially renamed to Baikonur (Baiqongyr in Kazakh), after the cosmodrome. The CIA tried to locate this launch site by systematically tracking over the major rail networks of the Soviet Union in Central Asia with U-2 spy planes. The site was discovered and photographed in 1957. Francis Gary Powers was scheduled to fly over it on his ill-fated mission in 1960. A Russian source has speculated incorrectly that he may have avoided Töretam after detecting
36-805: The guidance radar of the defending SA-2 missile (SAM) battery. At that time U-2 pilots had no real-time SAM radar warning. In fact, Powers was off track due to navigational inaccuracy caused by a delayed take-off, which rendered his pre-computed astronavigation fixes inaccurate, and cloud cover, which hampered visual track correction. It also prevented him from photographing the site. He was later shot down over Sverdlovsk . Mike Gruntman (2019), "From Tyuratam Missile Range to Baikonur Cosmodrome", Acta Astronautica , 155 , Elsevier Ltd: 350–366, Bibcode : 2019AcAau.155..350G , doi : 10.1016/j.actaastro.2018.12.021 45°39′00″N 63°18′50″E / 45.65000°N 63.31389°E / 45.65000; 63.31389 Baikonur (Ulytau Region) Baikonur
#99900