Misplaced Pages

#569430

28-502: (Redirected from Type Four ) Type 4 or Type Four may refer to: Military [ edit ] Type 4 Chi-To , a Japanese tank Type 4 Ke-Nu , a Japanese tank Type 4 Ka-Tsu , a Japanese amphibious landing craft Type 4 Ho-Ro , a Japanese self-propelled gun Type 4 Ha-To , a Japanese self-propelled gun Type 4 75 mm AA gun , a Japanese anti-aircraft gun Rota Gun , anti-tank rocket launchers Type 4 20 cm rocket launcher ,

56-426: A 1-gram (15- grain ) projectile was accelerated to velocities exceeding 9,000 m/s (30,000 ft/s) at Sandia National Laboratories in 1994. The gun operated in two stages. First, burning gunpowder was used to drive a piston to pressurize hydrogen to 10,000  atm (1.0 GPa). The pressurized gas was then released to a secondary piston, which traveled forward into a shock-absorbing "pillow", transferring

84-420: A 27% mean loss in momentum. Energy, in most cases, is what is lethal to the target, not momentum. In conventional guns, muzzle velocity is determined by the quantity of the propellant , its quality (in terms of chemical burn speed and expansion), the mass of the projectile, and the length of the barrel. A slower-burning propellant needs a longer barrel to finish its burn before leaving, but conversely can use

112-434: A Japanese mortar rocket Type 4 15 cm howitzer , a Japanese howitzer Type 4 rifle , a Japanese experimental rifle Transportation [ edit ] British Railways Type 4 Diesel locomotives Type Four platform , a front-wheel-drive car platform Volkswagen Type 4 , a four-door sedan Peugeot Type 4 Other uses [ edit ] Type 4 encryption , an encryption algorithm Type IV collagen ,

140-484: A bullet fired from such a gun on the surface of the body would leave its gravitational field; however, no arms are known with muzzle velocities that can overcome Earth's gravity (and atmosphere) or those of the other planets or the Moon. While traditional cartridges cannot generally achieve a Lunar escape speed (approximately 2,300 m/s [7,500 ft/s]) or higher due to modern limitations of action and propellant ,

168-430: A class of collagen Type-4 hypersensitivity, a class of Hypersensitivity reactions that involves T-cells IEC Type IV , one of the four "type" classifications of audio cassette formulation See also [ edit ] 4 (disambiguation) Category 4 (disambiguation) Class 4 (disambiguation) Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with

196-480: A heavier projectile. This is a mathematical tradeoff. A faster-burning propellant may accelerate a lighter projectile to higher speeds if the same amount of propellant is used. Within a gun, the gaseous pressure created as a result of the combustion process is a limiting factor on projectile velocity. Consequently, propellant quality and quantity, projectile mass, and barrel length must all be balanced to achieve safety and to optimize performance. Longer barrels give

224-401: A substantial distance and even hit a target before a nearby observer hears the "bang" of the shot. Projectile speed through air depends on a number of factors such as barometric pressure , humidity , air temperature and wind speed . Some high-velocity small arms have muzzle velocities higher than the escape speeds of some Solar System bodies such as Pluto and Ceres , meaning that

252-586: The Ka-To hull was based on the Type 4 Chi-To, which needed to be extended in length to accommodate the main gun. An extra road wheel was added to each side of the chassis. However, according to another source, the incomplete Ka-To hull was based on the Type 5 Chi-Ri medium tank chassis. Muzzle velocity Muzzle velocity is the speed of a projectile ( bullet , pellet , slug , ball / shots or shell ) with respect to

280-513: The Type 4 Chi-To as the counter to the M4 Sherman, but there were problems and delays in the program. As a result, a stopgap tank was required. The Type 3 Chi-Nu medium tank was developed to cope with the M4 Sherman . Finally, the first prototype Type 4 Chi-To was delivered in 1944. Similar in its general layout, but significantly larger than the Type 97, it was the most advanced Japanese tank to reach

308-413: The bullet before it leaves the gun. Provided there's enough rifling in the barrel to adequately stabilize a particular round, there is no appreciable increase in precision with increasing barrel length. Longer barrels make it easier to aim if using iron sights, because of the longer sight radius, and with the right propellant load they can increase muzzle velocity, which gives a flatter trajectory and reduces

SECTION 10

#1732852347570

336-408: The energy from the piston to the projectile on the other side of the pillow. This discovery might indicate that future projectile velocities exceeding 1,500 m/s (4,900 ft/s) have to have a charging, gas-operated action that transfers the energy, rather than a system that uses primer, gunpowder, and a fraction of the released gas. A .22 LR cartridge is approximately three times the mass of

364-447: The expanding gas ceases to propel the bullet forth. When a bullet is fired from a handgun with a 2-inch (51 mm) barrel, the bullet only has a 2-inch (51 mm) "runway" to be spun before it leaves the barrel. Likewise, it has only a 2-inch (51 mm) space in which to accelerate before it must fly without any additional force behind it. In some instances, the powder may not have even been fully burned in guns with short barrels. So,

392-402: The force of the gas pressure behind it, and from that point, the velocity of the bullet would decrease. Rifled barrels have spiral twists carved inside them that spin the bullet so that it remains stable in flight, in the same way an American football thrown in a spiral will fly in a straight, stable manner. This mechanism is known as rifling . Longer barrels provide more opportunity to rotate

420-487: The limitations noted above. With these railguns, a constant acceleration is provided along the entire length of the device by means of the electromagnetic pulse. This greatly increases the muzzle velocity. Another significant advantage of railguns is not requiring explosive propellant. The result of this is that a ship will not need to transport propellant and that a land-station will not have to maintain an inventory of it either. Explosive propellant, stored in large quantities,

448-517: The most common American measurements for bullets. Several factors, including the type of firearm, the cartridge, and the barrel length, determine the bullet's muzzle velocity. For projectiles in unpowered flight , its velocity is highest at leaving the muzzle and drops off steadily because of air resistance . Projectiles traveling less than the speed of sound (about 340 m/s (1,100 ft/s) in dry air at sea level ) are subsonic , while those traveling faster are supersonic and thus can travel

476-687: The muzzle at the moment it leaves the end of a gun 's barrel (i.e. the muzzle ). Firearm muzzle velocities range from approximately 120 m/s (390 ft/s) to 370 m/s (1,200 ft/s) in black powder muskets , to more than 1,200 m/s (3,900 ft/s) in modern rifles with high-velocity cartridges such as the .220 Swift and .204 Ruger , all the way to 1,700 m/s (5,600 ft/s) for tank guns firing kinetic energy penetrator ammunition. To simulate orbital debris impacts on spacecraft, NASA launches projectiles through light-gas guns at speeds up to 8,500 m/s (28,000 ft/s). FPS (feet per second) and MPH (miles per hour) are

504-474: The muzzle velocity of a 2-inch (51 mm) barrel is less than that of a 4-inch (100 mm) barrel, which is less than that of a 6-inch (150 mm) barrel. Large naval guns will have high length-to-diameter ratios, ranging between 38:1 to 50:1. This length ratio maximizes the projectile velocity. There is much interest in modernizing naval weaponry by using electrically powered railguns , which shoot projectiles using an electromagnetic pulse. These overcome

532-410: The need to adjust for range. A bullet, while moving through its barrel, is being pushed forward by the gas expanding behind it. This gas was created following the trigger being pulled, causing the firing pin to strike the primer , which in turn ignited the solid propellant packed inside the bullet cartridge , making it combust while situated in the chamber . Once it leaves the barrel, the force of

560-510: The plan was to produce a total of 6 Type 4 Chi-To tanks in the first three months of 1945. Two Type 4 Chi-To tanks are known to have been completed in 1945 and neither saw combat. At the end of World War II , two completed Type 4 Chi-To tanks were dumped into Lake Hamana in Shizuoka Prefecture to avoid capture by Allied occupation forces. One was recovered by the US Army, but the other

588-602: The production stage. Intended Type 4 Chi-To output was 25 tanks per month; with 20 to be made at Mitsubishi Heavy Industries and 5 to be produced at Kobe Seiko-sho . Late war shortage-induced delays caused by the severing of supply lines with conquered territories and U.S. strategic bombing of the Japanese mainland resulted in a total of six chassis being built. According to "The National Institute for Defense Studies, Ministry of Defense, Military Administration of Munitions Mobilization, Production Chart of January to April of 1945",

SECTION 20

#1732852347570

616-447: The projectile in question. This may be another indication that future arms developments will take more interest in smaller caliber rounds, especially due to modern limitations such as metal usage, cost, and cartridge design. In a side-by-side comparison with the .50 BMG (43 g), the 15 gr (1 g) titanium round of any caliber released almost 2.8 times the energy of the .50 BMG (1 g at 10 000 m/s = 50 000 joules), with only

644-407: The propellant force more time to work on propelling the bullet. For this reason longer barrels generally provide higher velocities, everything else being equal. As the bullet moves down the bore, however, the propellant's gas pressure behind it diminishes. Given a long enough barrel, there would eventually be a point at which friction between the bullet and the barrel, and air resistance, would equal

672-462: The title Type 4 . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Type_4&oldid=1175730812 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Type 4 Chi-To The Type 4 Chi-To

700-410: Was a thirty-ton medium tank of all-welded construction and had maximum armor thickness of 75 mm (3.0 in) on the frontal plates. The turret was an enlarged variant of the one used on the Type 3 Chi-Nu medium tank and it carried a crew of five. The tank was 6.42 m (21.1 ft) long, 2.87 m (9 ft 5 in) high, and 2.87 m (9 ft 5 in) wide. The main armament

728-469: Was a turret-mounted long-barreled (4.23 m) Type 5 75 mm tank gun capable of being elevated between -6.5 to +20 degrees. An 850 metres per second (2,800 ft/s) muzzle velocity gave it an armor penetration of 75 mm (3.0 in) at 1,000 m (3,300 ft). The tank had a Type 97 heavy tank machine gun mounted in the hull and a ball mount on the side of the turret for a second machine gun. The Type 4's 400 hp (300 kW) diesel engine

756-509: Was left in the lake. In 2013, there were efforts to locate the remaining tank, but it was not found. Another 105mm SP gun planned was the Ka-To 105 mm SP AT gun . The Ka-To's development was ordered in 1943. The engine placement was moved forward, while the gun placement was in the rear section of the hull. The open top superstructure was based on the Type 5 Na-To . Two main guns for the Ka-To were completed in 1945. According to several sources,

784-417: Was significantly more powerful than the 180 kW (240 hp) engine of the Type 3 Chi-Nu , giving it a top speed of 45 km/h (28 mph) on tracks supported by seven road wheels on each side. The tank had a range of 250 km (160 mi). Development of the Type 4 Chi-To began in 1943 as an intended successor to the Type 97- Kai Shinhoto Chi-Ha . The Army Technical Bureau had been working on

#569430