77-668: Tulla Upper (or Tullagh Upper ) is a barony in County Clare , Ireland . This ancient geographical division of land is in turn divided into seven civil parishes . Baronies were created after the Norman invasion of Ireland as divisions of counties and were used the administration of justice and the raising of revenue. While baronies continue to be officially defined units, they have been administratively obsolete since 1898. However, they continue to be used in land registration and in specification, such as in planning permissions. In many cases,
154-620: A County in its own right , styled as 'the County of the town of Drogheda'. Drogheda continued as a County Borough until the setting up of County Councils, through the enactment of the Local Government (Ireland) Act 1898 , which saw all of Drogheda, including a large area south of the River Boyne , become part of an extended County Louth. Until the late 16th century, 1596, Louth was considered part of Ulster, before becoming part of Leinster after
231-483: A municipal corporation which had parallel authority with the grand jury; however, each county corporate except Carrickfergus included rural "liberties" outside the municipal boundary. The Municipal Corporations (Ireland) Act 1840 abolished the corporations of Carrickfergus and Galway, while the Counties and Boroughs (Ireland) Act 1840, passed simultaneously, transferred the liberties of the other six counties corporate to
308-401: A Dr Conlan, who came from Dundalk, and an agent provocateur called Sam Turner, from Newry. Several leaders were hanged. The Burning of Wildgoose Lodge took place on the night of 29–30 October 1816, for which 18 men were executed. The priest and scientist Nicholas Callan (1799–1864), inventor of the first induction coil, was from Darver. Louth, colloquially known as "The Wee County", is
385-459: A barony corresponds to an earlier Gaelic túath which had submitted to the Crown. Tulla Upper lies in the north-east of County Clare. It is bounded to the north-west, north and north-east by the county of Galway . Lough Derg separates it from the county of Tipperary . Within the county of Clare, it is bounded by the baronies of Tulla Lower (to the south and south-west) and by Bunratty Upper (to
462-615: A barony together with the town, while the liberties on the west bank of the River Bann were attached to the separate half-barony of Coleraine . The lands of the Lordship of Newry , originating with the Cistercians of Newry Abbey and passing to the Earl of Kilmorey , were similarly regularised into a barony of County Down and a civil parish of County Armagh . There were eight counties corporate:
539-736: A conference held at Faughart between the Chiefs of Ulster ( Hugh O'Neill, Earl of Tyrone and Hugh Roe O'Donnell ), on the Irish side, and the Ulster-born Miler Magrath , Anglican Archbishop of Cashel, and Thomas Butler, 10th Earl of Ormond on that of the English. The lands of Ballymascanlan , part of the former estates of Mellifont Abbey , were transferred from Armagh to Louth c. 1630 . The 16th and 17th centuries featured many skirmishes and battles involving Irish and English forces, as Louth
616-586: A feud between the Anglo-Irish families of Louth. One of the Statutes of Kilkenny in 1465 (5 Ed. IV , cap. 3) stated "That every Irishman that dwell betwixt or amongst Englishmen in the County of Dublin, Myeth , Vriell [i.e. Oriel], and Kildare ... shall take to him an English surname of one town, as Sutton, Chester, Trym , Skryne , Corke, Kinsale; or colour, as white, blacke, browne; or arte or science, as smith or carpenter; or office, as cooke, butler ...". This
693-587: A focus for local patriotism. Some public houses and older provincial hotels bear the name of the barony in which they are located; likewise some clubs of the Gaelic Athletic Association , for example Carbury (County Kildare), Castlerahan , and Kilmurry Ibrickane . Four of the six regional divisions of Cork GAA are named after baronies corresponding to major parts of their respective areas: Carbery , Duhallow , Imokilly , and Muskerry . The final catalogue of baronies numbered 331. A figure of 273
770-653: A large one, or were created without regard for the earlier boundaries. In the Norman period most Gaelic chiefs were killed, expelled, or subordinated by the new Norman lord; in the Tudor period, many Gaelic and Hibernicized lords retained their land by pledging allegiance to the Crown under surrender and regrant . Sir John Perrot 's commissioners reported 184 "cantreds, otherwise called hundreds or baronies" in 1589; William Petty reported 252 baronies in 1672. Baronies were sometimes subdivided, and occasionally combined. The parts of
847-484: A local jury picked by the county grand jury from among the barony's highest rate-payers, according to a complicated formula. The baronial presentment sessions were a convoluted process, lacking public confidence and marred by allegations of corruption and favouritism. Special emergency sessions were held during the Famine of the 1840s for the make-work schemes. Several parallel local administrative divisions were formed in
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#1733115812745924-562: A significant increase from 2.5% in the 2016 census. In contrast to the other counties in the Mid-East Region , which are characterised by widespread migration from Dublin , Louth has one of the highest proportions of native residents in Ireland. Around two-thirds (64.5%) of Louth's residents were born within the county, making it the 7th most indigenous county in the State. People from elsewhere in
1001-400: A specific royal charter granting them borough status similar to English law . These were originally independent of the baronies, which were rural divisions of the "county at large". By the time of Beaufort's 1792 Memoir of Ireland , this was true of fewer towns. Beaufort distinguishes between baronies and "peculiar districts"; the latter encompassing counties corporate and liberties in
1078-416: A subdivided barony were called half-baronies , but had the same legal standing. Some subdivisions came about when new counties were formed, and the new boundary split a pre-existing barony. In three cases, there are adjacent half-baronies in neighbouring counties with the same name: Rathdown ( Dublin — Wicklow ), Fore ( Meath — Westmeath ), and Ballymoe ( Galway — Roscommon ). Subdivision happened especially in
1155-487: Is Louth County Council, which has its offices in Dundalk, and provides a number of services including planning, roads maintenance, fire brigade, council housing, water supply, waste collection, recycling and landfill, higher education grants and funding for arts and culture. As of the 2019 local election , Louth has been divided into five local electoral areas , whose councillors sit in three municipal districts: Ardee (which
1232-546: Is a historical subdivision of a county , analogous to the hundreds into which the counties of England were divided. Baronies were created during the Tudor reconquest of Ireland , replacing the earlier cantreds formed after the original Norman invasion . Some early baronies were later subdivided into half baronies with the same standing as full baronies. Baronies were mainly cadastral rather than administrative units. They acquired modest local taxation and spending functions in
1309-399: Is also a municipal district), Drogheda Rural and Drogheda Rural (which form the borough district of Drogheda ), and Dundalk— Carlingford and Dundalk South (which form the municipal district of Dundalk ). The following people have received the freedom of County Louth. For elections to Dáil Éireann, Louth is represented by the five-seat Dáil constituency of Louth which takes all in
1386-461: Is also quoted, by combining those divided into half-baronies, as by east–west, north–south, or upper/middle/lower divisions. Every point in Ireland is in precisely one of the listed divisions. However, the municipal area of the four cities with barony status in 1898 has extended since then into the surrounding baronies. Prior to 1898, the baronies around Dublin City were shrunk according as they ceded land to
1463-839: Is located within the archdiocese of Armagh in the Roman Catholic Church, and the Archbishop of Armagh has been recognised by the Vatican as the " Primate of All Ireland " since 1353. This was replicated in the Church of Ireland following the Reformation , and the Protestant Diocese of Armagh covers the same territorial extent as the Catholic diocese. Further, the Archbishop of Armagh also has
1540-431: Is rare, but most of the county will typically experience snowfall on a few days per year. Precipitation is evenly distributed year-round, with only about 30 mm (1.2 in) of rainfall separating the wettest months (October and November) from the driest months (March and April). There are a number of synoptic weather stations which solely record rainfall located throughout the county. The driest areas are located along
1617-510: Is steeped in myth, legend and history, and is a setting in the Táin Bó Cúailnge epic. Later it saw the influence of the Vikings , as seen in the name of Carlingford Lough . They also established a longphort at Annagassan in the ninth century. At this time Louth consisted of three sub-kingdoms, each subject to separate over-kingdoms: Conaille ( Ulaidh ) ; Fir Rois ( Airgialla ) ; and,
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#17331158127451694-470: The 2022 census , a 7.9% increase since the 2016 census . The population density of the county is 169.1 people per square kilometre, more than double the national average, which makes Louth the second most densely populated county in the Republic of Ireland, and the fourth most densely populated county on the island of Ireland. As of 2022, Louth was also the second most urbanised county in the State, with 69.7% of
1771-451: The Eastern and Midland Region of Ireland , within the province of Leinster . Louth is bordered by the counties of Meath to the south, Monaghan to the west, Armagh to the north and Down to the north-east, across Carlingford Lough . It is the smallest county in Ireland by land area and the 17th most populous , with just over 139,100 residents as of 2022 . The county is named after
1848-580: The Fir Arda Ciannachta ( Midhe ) . The whole area became part of the O'Carroll Kingdom of Airgíalla (Oriel) early in the 12th century under Donnchad Ua Cerbaill . At the same time, the area was removed from the diocese of Armagh and the episcopal see of the Diocese of Airgíalla or Clogher was transferred to Louth c. 1130–1190 . A number of historic sites are in the county, including religious sites at Monasterboice , Mellifont Abbey and
1925-563: The Irish House of Commons , the election was held in the county town , with a separate polling booth for electors resident in each barony or half-baroiny. The single-seat divisions into which the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885 split most Irish county constituencies were defined largely or exclusively in terms of the baronies which they comprised; however, in some cases a barony was split parish by parish between two divisions. The 1891 census
2002-689: The Irish Sea . Dundalk is the county town and is located approximately 80 km (50 mi) from Belfast and 85 km (53 mi) from Dublin . Louth is also the northernmost county in Leinster, and the only county in the province to share a border with Northern Ireland . Louth has a temperate oceanic climate ( Köppen climate classification Cfb ), with cool humid summers and mild winters, strongly influenced by Atlantic ocean currents . Coastal areas generally experience milder winters and cooler, windier summers than inland areas. Daytime highs are generally in
2079-536: The St Mary Magdalene Dominican Friary . The Normans occupied the Louth area in the 1180s, forming the County of Oriel (Uriel or Vriell) out of the O'Carroll kingdom. At this time the western boundary of occupation was unfixed and Monaghan was still considered part of Oriel. However, over time, Louth became differentiated as 'English' Oriel, to distinguish it from the remainder ('Irish' Oriel), outside
2156-521: The "County of the City" of each of Cork , Dublin , Limerick , Kilkenny , and Waterford , and the "County of the Town" of each of Carrickfergus , Drogheda and Galway . These were excluded from the enclosing "county-at-large" and exercised at a single level the functions which elsewhere were split between county and barony level. Thus, they had "baronial presentment sessions" although they were not strictly speaking baronies. Each such city or town also had
2233-446: The 18–23 °C (64–73 °F) range throughout the county in July, with overnight lows in the 10–14 °C (50–57 °F) range. January and February are the coldest months, with average daily minimum temperatures typically falling below 2 °C (36 °F). Met Éireann records climate data for the county from their station at Boharnamoe, ca. 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) from Ardee , in
2310-399: The 19th century before being superseded by the Local Government (Ireland) Act 1898 . Subsequent adjustments of county boundaries mean that some baronies now straddle two counties. The final catalogue of baronies numbered 331, with an average area of 255 km (98 sq mi; 63,000 acres); therefore, each county was divided, on average, into 10 or 11 baronies. The island of Ireland
2387-730: The 19th century, when qualifiers "Upper"/"Lower"(/"Middle"), "North"/"South", or "East/"West" were used for the half-baronies. The main basis for this subdivision was the Grand Jury (Ireland) Act, 1836 , which empowered a county's grand jury to divide baronies of at least 45,000 acres (18,000 ha) and unite baronies totalling at most 40,000 acres (16,000 ha). An 1837 act relaxed these restrictions for County Fermanagh , where many baronies were split by Lough Erne . The baronies of Iveagh, Muskerry, and Connello were each subdivided twice: Upper and Lower Iveagh each have Upper and Lower Halves; East and West Muskerry each have East and West Divisions;
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2464-412: The 2022 census, the population of County Louth was 85.9% white. Those who identified as White Irish constituted 76.7% of the county's population, and Irish Travellers comprised a further 0.7%. Caucasians who did not identify as ethnically Irish accounted for 8.5% of the population. The second largest ethnic group in Louth in 2022 was black, accounting for 3.3% of the population. Of this group, virtually
2541-684: The 2022 census. According to the Central Statistics Office (CSO), the Catholic Church is by far the largest religious institution in County Louth, with 100,077 members. Orthodox Christianity was the second largest religious denomination, with 2,598 adherents. This was followed by Islam in third, with 2,281 adherents, and Anglican denominations including the Church of Ireland , England and Episcopalian in fourth, with 2,195. The county
2618-535: The English colony as its influence retreated to the Pale in the fourteenth century, and when the Tudors and Stuarts revived and extended county government, the baronies which they delimited often bore little relation to the earlier cantreds. Most cantreds corresponded to the túath ('country') or trícha cét ('thirty hundred [men]') of a Gaelic chief. However, sometimes baronies combined small territories, or split
2695-492: The Republic of Ireland accounted for just 13.9% of Louth's population in 2022, compared with 49.2% in neighbouring Meath to the south. A total of 30,145 people (21.7%) were born outside of the country, up from 24,509 people (19.2%) in 2016. The largest foreign national groups by citizenship in Louth are: British (1.69%), Polish (1.50 percent), Lithuanian (1.40 percent), Nigerian (0.97 percent), Latvian (0.89 percent) and Romanian (0.57 percent). The Cooley Peninsula
2772-640: The adjacent baronies. Those of Kinsale, Callen, and Kilmallock are now counted as baronies. A 1791 act dealt with the two in County Londonderry; it made the North West Liberties of Londonderry , together with the city, into a barony, while the liberties on the east bank of the River Foyle were attached to the half barony of Tirkeeran . Similarly, the North East Liberties of Coleraine formed
2849-399: The adjoining county-at-large. The transferred area was sometimes assigned to one or more existing county baronies, but sometimes made a barony in its own right. The reduced-size counties corporate continued till the Local Government (Ireland) Act 1898 , at which point each of those of Kilkenny and the three towns was merged with a neighbouring county to form a new administrative county , while
2926-442: The baronial presentment sessions were abolished. While baronies continue to be officially defined units, they are no longer used for many administrative purposes. Their official status is illustrated by Placenames Orders made since 2003, where official Irish names of baronies are listed under "Administrative units". Baronies continue to be used in land registration , and specification such as in planning permissions . For example,
3003-491: The barony of Leitrim in County Galway . That year they were transferred to Tulla Upper and County Clare. The barony contains the parishes of Clonrush, Feakle , Kilnoe , Moynoe , Tomgraney and Tulla and Inishcaltra. The main villages are Scarriff , Tulla , Tomgraney , Feakle and Baurroe . Citations Sources Barony (Ireland) In Ireland , a barony ( Irish : barúntacht , plural barúntachtaí )
3080-638: The battle was fought 3 km (1.9 miles) west from Drogheda. Drogheda held for James under Lord Iveagh but surrendered to William the day after the battle of the Boyne. In 1798, the leaders of the United Irishmen included Bartholomew Teeling, John Byrne, and Patrick Byrne, all from Castletown; Anthony Marmion from Louth Town and Dundalk, Anthony McCann from Corderry; Nicholas and Thomas Markey from Barmeath, and Arthur McKeown, John Warren, and James McAllister from Cambricville. They were betrayed by informers, notably
3157-410: The border with Northern Ireland have experienced a slight decline since 2011. In 2016, Louth surpassed its pre-famine ( 1841 Census ) population, becoming one of only five counties in the State to do so. As of the 2022 census, 5.9 per cent of the county's population was reported as younger than 5 years old, 28.1 per cent were between 5 and 25, 51.8 per cent were between 25 and 65, and 14.2 per cent of
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3234-458: The coast, with average annual rainfall at Clogherhead being 735 mm (28.9 in), making it one of the driest locations on the island of Ireland. The wettest areas of the county are located around the Cooley Mountains , with the stations at Omeath (1,118 mm (44.0 in)) and Glenmore (1,203 mm (47.4 in)) recording the most rainfall in the county. The coastal areas of
3311-487: The coastal land units will be extended accordingly. For example, a 1994 statutory instrument extended the boundary of the Barony of Arklow , along with the boundaries of the county ( Wicklow ), the district electoral division (Arklow Rural), the civil parish ( Arklow ), and the townlands (Rock Big, Rock Little, and Money Big). The Local Government (Ireland) Act also caused a number of county boundaries to be modified, with
3388-614: The control of the Norman colony, which had passed into the hands of the McMahon lordship of Airgíalla . In the early 14th century Edward Bruce made claim to the High Kingship of Ireland and led an expeditionary force to Ireland. The Scottish army was repulsed from Drogheda but laid waste to much of the Anglo-Norman colony of Ireland including Ardee and Dundalk. Edward was crowned on the hill of Maledon near Dundalk on 2 May 1316. His army
3465-454: The county are particularly vulnerable to flooding and storm surges during the Winter months, and significant flood defences have been constructed along Dundalk Bay. Louth County Council's Climate Change Adaptation Strategy identified coastal and riverine flooding as the primary environmental risks to the county. According to the Central Statistics Office , 139,703 people lived in County Louth as of
3542-447: The county between 2016 and 2022 were Hinduism (107%), Orthodox Christianity (80%) and Pantheism (78%), while the most rapidly declining religions were Lutheran (−23%), Evangelicalism (−19%), Buddhism (−13%) and Apostolic or Pentecostal (−11%). Although Catholicism only recorded a 4.3% decrease, the share of County Louth's residents who identified as Catholic fell sharply from 81.8% in 2016 to 72.1% in 2022. The local authority
3619-478: The county of Louth, and in County Meath , the electoral divisions of Julianstown and part of St. Mary's. The Report on Dáil and European Parliament Constituencies 2007 outlined: by extending the constituency southwards from, and in the environs of, Drogheda and taking in electoral divisions which have extensive linkages with the town. This will allow the inclusion of the town of Drogheda and hinterland areas in
3696-427: The county's population living within urban areas. Under Central Statistics Office (CSO) classification, an "urban area" is a town with a population greater than 1,500. As a result, much of the county outside of the larger towns is relatively sparsely populated, with most small areas (SAs) having a population density of between 20 and 50 people per km2. The county has two dominant population centres, Dundalk , located in
3773-682: The dialect were made by German linguist Wilhelm Doegen for the Royal Irish Academy in 1928. An Irish language college, Coláiste Bhríde , was originally established in Omeath in 1912, but later moved to Ranafast , County Donegal . In 2012, Coláiste Bhríde celebrated its 100th anniversary in Omeath, and locals were taught phrases in Gaeilge Oriel . Uniquely, the Cooley Peninsula had a sizable population of Presbyterian Gaeilgeoirí in
3850-484: The entire population lived in the two largest towns, with 56.5% of Louth's black residents living in Dundalk and 36.2% living in Drogheda. Those of Asian and Mixed Race backgrounds accounted for 2.7% (3,808 people) and 1.7% (2,333 people) of the population respectively, with the majority of these groups residing in either Drogheda or Dundalk. Around 9,000 people or 6.4% of the population did not state their ethnicity in 2022,
3927-711: The environs of some of the older or larger towns and cities. The liberties listed by Beaufort separately from baronies are those of Kinsale , Mallow and Youghal in County Cork ; Callan in County Kilkenny ; Kilmallock in County Limerick ; Derry and Coleraine in County Londonderry ; and Wexford in County Wexford . Of these, those of Wexford, Mallow, and Youghal are no longer counted as separate from
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#17331158127454004-451: The expanding city; but there is now land which is both within the current city boundaries and within one of the pre-1898 county baronies. Notably, the Barony of Dublin, created in 1842, is almost entirely within the city, although still separate from the Barony of Dublin City. County Louth County Louth ( / l aʊ ð / LOWDH ; Irish : Contae Lú ) is a coastal county in
4081-513: The fifty years between the census of 1966 and that of 2016. Its rate of growth (7.9%) since the 2016 census ranks 13th of 26 counties. The sizeable population growth in the county is influenced by its location along the Dublin–Belfast corridor ; with the completion of the M1 motorway in particular driving the growth of Drogheda as a commuter town of Dublin . However, the northern areas of the county along
4158-402: The form for registration of a freehold property includes a schedule "To contain description of the property, giving area, townland, barony and county, or, if in a city or urban district, the street or road and city or urban district". Barony boundaries have remained essentially unchanged since 1898. An exception occurs when land is reclaimed from the sea , whereupon the maritime boundary of
4235-458: The late 18th and 19th centuries, owing to its proximity to Ulster . In 1808, Reverend William Neilson published "An introduction to the Irish language" to distribute to Presbyterian ministers in the area, as many in their congregations could not speak English. Despite its historic Gaeltacht , Louth has the lowest percentage of Irish speakers of any county in the State. Just 31.8% of the population stated that they could speak any level of Irish in
4312-698: The midlands and Munster. Likewise the "precincts" into which the plantation of Ulster was organised were mostly coterminous with baronies, though some were split or combined. In certain counties after the Cromwellian reconquest , Adventurers got lands in half the baronies, with soldiers in the other half. The Irish who had forfeited their lands in those regions were resettled in Connacht and Clare , with each county of origin assigned to particular destination baronies. William Petty 's Down Survey of 1655–6 collected statistics and produced maps at barony level to assist
4389-410: The names of administrative baronies for which there is no corresponding hereditary or prescriptive barony . In counties Louth and Meath , the administrative subdivisions were called "baronies" from the beginning, originally as portions given by Hugh de Lacy, Lord of Meath to his vassals . Further south the name "cantred" was used till the fifteenth century. The cantreds declined with the rest of
4466-490: The nineteenth century, which were not based on the barony. The Poor Law Unions were established in 1838, each centred on an eponymous town; most new or altered responsibilities were given to them in subsequent decades. These Unions which were divided into district electoral divisions (DEDs) for funding purposes. Petty sessions courts for civil cases and quarter sessions for criminal cases used still another set of land divisions. For each two-seat county constituency in
4543-402: The north of the county, and Drogheda , located in the south on the border with County Meath . These two towns combined comprise approximately 58.9% of the county's total population, and are the 6th- and 7th- largest urban areas in Ireland respectively. Overall, Drogheda is the larger of the two. Louth has experienced a rapid rate of population growth since the 1960s, nearly doubling in size in
4620-430: The other four counties of cities each became a county borough . Both before and after 1898, where a statute presupposed that a county was divided into baronies, judges sometimes construed it by assuming that each county corporate constituted a single barony. The various Plantations of Ireland were organised largely by barony. Different categories of English and Scottish settlers were planted in particular baronies in
4697-409: The population was older than 65. Of this latter group, 4,591 people (3.3 per cent) were over the age of 80. The population was evenly split between females (50.68 per cent) and males (49.32 per cent). In 2021, there were 1,677 births within the county, and the average age of a first time mother was 30.5. The most populous towns in Louth as of the 2022 census were (population in parentheses): As of
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#17331158127454774-594: The reorganisation. Acts of 1787 and 1792 allowed the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland to appoint a constable for each barony, and the county grand jury to appoint up to 16 sub-constables. These powers were seldom used and the constables had few powers; they were usually older men nicknamed "old Barnys", with the archetypal "old Barny McKeown". They were superseded by the Royal Irish Constabulary . The cess to pay for roads, bridges, and other public works
4851-622: The result that a number of baronies now cross county boundaries. This can cause confusion to genealogy researchers, who may be unable to find an area referred to as being in a particular county in 19th century sources in the modern county. Most markedly, the entire territory of the small barony of Kilculliheen was moved from County Waterford to County Kilkenny . Likewise in 1976, when suburbs of Drogheda were transferred from County Meath to County Louth, barony boundaries were not adjusted. The marginal relevance of baronies means many people have no idea which barony they live in. However, some remain
4928-409: The smallest of Ireland's 32 counties by area. It is the 17th most populous county, making it the fourth most densely populated county on the island of Ireland. It is the smallest of Leinster's 12 counties in size and the 6th-largest by population. Louth is bordered by four counties – Meath to the south, Monaghan to the west, Armagh to the north, and Down to the northeast. It bounded to the east by
5005-431: The southwest of the county. The county's record high temperature is 30.9 °C (87.6 °F), set on 12 July 1983. The coldest temperature ever recorded in Louth was on 1 January 1979, when the temperature at Ardee fell to −15.2 °C (4.6 °F). Due to the moderating influence of the Irish sea, the temperature at Ardee has only surpassed 30 °C (86 °F) once since records began in 1968. Prolonged or heavy snow
5082-469: The title of Primate of All Ireland within the Church of Ireland. As was the case in much of Ireland, there was a significant increase in the number of people stating that they were either non-religious or atheist in the 2022 Census. This demographic has increased by 202% in a little over a decade (2011 to 2022), from 5,485 to 16,556. People with no religion now account for 11.9% of the county's population, up from 8% in 2016. The fastest growing religions in
5159-416: The village of Louth . Louth County Council is the local authority for the county. County Louth is named after the village of Louth , which in turn is named after Lugh , a god of the ancient Irish. Historically, the placename has had various spellings; Lugmad , Lughmhaigh , and Lughmhadh (see Historic Names List , for full listing). Lú is the modern simplified spelling . The county
5236-451: The west). The barony covers 96,730 acres (39,150 ha) of which 2,911 acres (1,178 ha) are water. The land is mostly moorish upland, with peaks rising to 1,312 feet (400 m) in the north. It includes the Scarriff bay of Lough Derg , and loughs O’Grady, Bridget, Anilloon, Kilgory, Culausheeda, Ea, and Graney. Until 1898 the parishes of Clonrush and most of Inishcaltra were in
5313-407: The western divisions split from Upper and Lower Connello were named Shanid and Glenquin respectively. When County Tipperary was split into North and South Ridings in 1838, the barony of Kilnamanagh was split into Upper and Lower half-baronies. At the Reformation the parishes for civil purposes were the ecclesiastical parishes of the established Church of Ireland . Originally each parish
5390-537: Was "shired" into counties in two distinct periods: the east and south during the Anglo-Norman period (from the 1169 invasion to the early fourteenth century) and the rest in the Tudor conquest of the sixteenth century. "Barony" was used in three overlapping but distinct senses in the early period: Over the centuries, these senses diverged, and many administrative baronies were not associated with feudal or noble titles. Spurious "barony" titles have been sold by using
5467-453: Was an attempt to compel Irish families in the Pale , including Louth, to adopt English surnames. In 1189, a royal charter was granted to Dundalk after a Norman nobleman named Bertram de Verdun erected a manor house at Castletown Mount. Bertram's granddaughter Roesia de Verdun later built Castle Roche in 1236. In 1412, a royal charter was granted to Drogheda which unified the towns of Drogheda-in- Meath and Drogheda-in- Uriel (Louth) as
5544-574: Was finally defeated and Edward was killed in the Battle of Faughart near Dundalk, by a chiefly local force led by John de Bermingham . He was created 1st Earl of Louth and granted estates at Ardee on 12 May 1319 as a reward for his services to the Crown in defeating the Scots. De Bermingham was subsequently killed in the Braganstown massacre on 13 June 1329 along with some 200 members of his family and household, in
5621-563: Was on the main route to ' the Moiry Pass ' and the Ulster areas often in rebellion and as yet uncolonised. Oliver Cromwell attacked Drogheda in 1649 slaughtering the Royalist garrison and hundreds of the town's citizens. Towards the end of the same century, the armies of the warring Kings, James II and William (III) of Orange , faced off in south Louth during the build-up to the Battle of the Boyne ;
5698-464: Was set per barony. "Presentment sessions ", where petitioners applied for funding for such works, were originally held as part of the county assizes , though the costs were paid from the barony cess if the work was of local benefit only. The county grand jury was supposed to have included jurors from each barony, though this did not always happen. From 1819, significantly modified in 1836, baronial presentment sessions were held for these purposes, with
5775-402: Was the last Gaeltacht outpost in Leinster. Speakers of Irish existed around Omeath and into southern Armagh up until the middle of the 20th century. The area had its own local dialect, songs, poetry and traditional customs. The dialect, known as Gaeilge Oriel , is now extinct, as the last native speaker, Anne O'Hanlon, died in 1960 at the age of 89. However, extensive recordings of
5852-464: Was the last for which returns were aggregated by barony as well as by Union and DED; the 1901 census used only the latter classification, though it and the 1911 census included the barony in the detailed returns. The 1898 Act replaced the county assizes with an elected county council ; at a lower level, the county was divided into urban and rural districts , each with an elected council. These councils had power to levy rates and build public works, and
5929-538: Was usually within a single barony, but less so over time. A townland might be an exclave of a parish, and potentially of its barony; under the Valuation of Lands (Ireland) Act 1836 , detached parts of baronies were annexed to an adjacent barony, but not so for parishes. The rationalisation of small ecclesiastical parishes into larger benefices sometimes entailed merging the corresponding civil parishes, which might thus cross barony (and county) boundaries. Many towns had
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