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24-870: Tulcea ( Romanian pronunciation: [ˈtult͡ʃe̯a] ; also known by alternative names ) is a city in Northern Dobruja , Romania. It is the administrative center of Tulcea County , and had a population of 65,624 as of 2021. One village, Tudor Vladimirescu, is administered by the city. It is one of six Romanian county seats lying on the Danube river . The city is known in Bulgarian, Russian and Ukrainian as Тулча, romanized : Tulcha ; in Greek as Αιγισσός, romanized : Aigissós ; in Hungarian as Tulcsa ; and in Turkish as Tulça . Tulcea

48-537: A music competition created by teachers at the Tulcea Arts High School and held annually since 1992. Named in honor of the conductor George Georgescu (1887–1964), an important figure in the development of Romanian classical music who was born in the Tulcea county, the contest was at first open only to Romanian music school and high school students but began admitting international students in 1995. Organizers include

72-578: Is represented by an obelisk with a statue of an eagle on one side and the statue of a soldier on the other. The monument was erected to commemorate the War of Independence that made Dobruja part of Romania. Construction began on October 17, 1879, in the presence of Prince Carol I of Romania . The main high school is the Spiru Haret Dobrujan College . Tulcea is twinned with: Notes Bibliography Northern Dobruja Around 600 BC,

96-449: The 2011 census Tulcea had a population of 73,707 with a majority of Romanians (83.37%) with minorities of Lipovans (2.36%), Roma (1.29%), Turks (1.11%), Ukrainians (0.51%), Greeks (0.28%), Bulgarians (0.02%), others (0.53%) and unknown (10.53%). Most of the indigenous Bulgarians left the city after the Treaty of Craiova . Tulcea is the site of the "George Georgescu Contest",

120-757: The Soviet Union and the United States . It included a population exchange which removed the Bulgarian minority from Northern Dobruja, which was evacuated to the southern part. At the same time, the Romanians (including Aromanians and Megleno-Romanians ) from Southern Dobruja were brought north of the border. There also is a Csángó Hungarian village in Northern Dobruja, in the Constanța County, known as Oituz . The territory of Northern Dobruja now forms

144-465: The counties of Constanța and Tulcea , with a total area of 15,570 km and a current population of slightly under 900,000. The Danube Delta consists of numerous lakes. The most important ones are: Ethnic composition The table below shows Romanian statistics throughout the years: Northern Dobruja is represented by two dolphins in the coat of arms of Romania . Starting with 2015, Romania observes Dobruja Day on November 14 , marking

168-670: The prefecture , courthouse, prosecutor's office and, between 1950 and 1970 under the Communist regime , the raion and later county councils. It underwent a full restoration in 1893-1895, a partial one in 1941 following the 1940 Vrancea earthquake , and yet another one from 2009 to 2012. The art museum opened in 1982. Its seven collections include: modern and contemporary painting; modern and contemporary sculpture; 18th-, 19th- and 20th-century icons; modern and contemporary sketches; engraving plates; 18th- and 19th-century oriental art; and 18th-, 19th- and 20th-century decorative art. The building

192-530: The 1878 incorporation of Northern Dobruja into the Kingdom of Romania after the Treaty of Berlin . Tulcea Art Museum The Tulcea Art Museum ( Romanian : Muzeul de Artă din Tulcea ) is an art museum located at 2 Grigore Antipa Street, Tulcea , Romania . The building that houses the museum was erected between 1863 and 1865, under the Ottoman Empire , and was originally an administrative center,

216-673: The Greeks colonized the Black Sea shore and founded numerous fortresses: Tomis (today's Constanța), Callatis, Histria, Argamum, Heracleea, Aegysus. The Greeks engaged in trade with the Dacians who lived on the main land. Dobruja became a Roman province after the conquest of the Dacian Tribes. One of the best preserved remnants of this period is the Capidava citadel. Between the 7th and 14th century, Dobruja

240-668: The Romanian Ministry of Education and Youth, the Education Board of Tulcea County, the Tulcea County Council, the Tulcea Mayoralty, and surviving members of Georgescu's family. The Monument of Independence represents one of the main attractions of the city, because of its placement and of the panoramic view that it offers. It is located on the same hill as the ruins of Aegyssus and the history museum. The monument itself

264-538: The beginning of the 5th century after several reconstruction phases, in the third of which a large palaestra was added on the north side. In the second half of the 3rd century AD, the cohors II Flavia Brittonum (from Britain) was garrisoned here, and in the next century the vexillatio Aegyssensis of Legio I Iovia . During the 4th-5th centuries, the city still preserved its military statute (headquarters of cuneus equitum armigerorum, praefectus ripae legionis primae ariae cohortium quinque pedaturae inferioris ). It

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288-400: The daily maximum temperature is also below 0 °C (32 °F). Snow cover, on average, is observed for 27.6 days per year. At the 2021 census Tulcea had a population of 65,624 with a majority of Romanians (74.83%) with minorities of Lipovans (1.9%), Roma (1.57%), Turks (0.67%), Ukrainians (0.42%), Greeks (0.27%), Bulgarians (0.03%), others (0.38%) and unknown (19.93%). At

312-552: The following four centuries. The town was first documented under its modern name in 1506 in the Ottoman customs records, described as an "important centre for the transit trade". Around 1848, it was still a small shipyard city, being awarded city status in 1860, when it became a province capital. It became a sanjak centre in Silistre Eyaleti in 1860 and Tuna Vilayeti in 1864. In 1853, The Times of London noted that "Toultcha"

336-558: The palace of the Tulcea sanjak 's pasha , headquarters of the mutasarrıfate and its nine kaza administrators. In 1860, Tulcea had become the capital of a sanjak including Northern Dobruja (minus the Danube Delta ) and part of Southern Dobruja ; the previous capital was at Babadag . It was during this period that the European Commission of the Danube was established and foreign consulates began to appear in Tulcea. The palace

360-623: The period. After the Getic raids from 12–15 AD the Romans conquered the town and soon after built a new city. After Trajan's Dacian Wars at the beginning of the 2nd century AD, the city was included in the Moesian Limes defensive frontier system as a military fort and port for a detachment of the Classis Flavia Moesica . The baths were built at the end of the 1st century AD and used until

384-518: The region and handing over part of their gains to the Ottoman authorities, they would end up indirectly financing the construction of buildings that still stand in Tulcea today: the modern Tulcea Art Museum and the Azizyie Mosque . The Dobrujan Circassians were expelled from the region after the end of the war. In 1878, after the end of the war, Tulcea was awarded to Romania, together with the rest of Northern Dobruja (see Congress of Berlin ). Tulcea

408-538: The treaties of San Stefano and Berlin , Romania received Northern Dobruja while the newly restored Principality of Bulgaria received the smaller southern part of the region. After the Second Balkan War in 1913, Romania also annexed the Bulgarian Southern Dobruja, which it ruled until the signing of the 1940 Treaty of Craiova . The treaty was approved by Britain , Vichy France , Germany , Italy ,

432-605: Was "the last fortified place held by the Turks on the Danube, and which has a garrison of 1,200 men." During the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878 , Northern Dobruja and specially Tulcea would be the sites of massacres and conflicts between Muslim Circassians and Christian Bulgarians, Russians, and Ukrainians. The Circassians of Dobruja had settled there in 1864 after the Circassian genocide , and through their raids to other peoples of

456-619: Was destroyed during the Hun 's invasions in the 5th century and rebuilt under Justinian I along with the monumental reconstruction of the Danubian limes. The town was abandoned by the first half of the 7th century after the Avars -Slavs' attacks and the downfall of Danubian limes. The town is mentioned in Notitia Episcopatuum and De Thematibus on the list of the bishoprics of Dobrudja. Inhabitation

480-516: Was founded in the 7th century BC under the name of Aegyssus , mentioned by Procopius . Ovid recorded a local tradition that ascribed its name to a mythical founder, Aegisos the Caspian. Aegyssus was built on a high hill, a strategic location for guarding the Danube particularly under the Romans. The amphorae discovered from 1st century BC to 1st century AD suggest the town was an important trading centre of

504-771: Was occupied by the Central Powers between 1916–1918 during World War I , and became part of their condominium following the Treaty of Bucharest in May 1918 (until November 1918). During that time, the statue of Mircea the Elder was taken down by Bulgarian troops, since it was during his reign that Dobruja was incorporated into Wallachia . Tulcea's climate is transitional between continental and temperate ( Köppen : Dfa/Cfa ), with cold winters and hot summers. Daily minimum temperatures drop below 0 °C (32 °F) for roughly 79.5 days per year from October to April, with 17.2 days where

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528-540: Was part of the First Bulgarian Empire and the Second Bulgarian Empire . For a long period in the 14–15th century, Dobruja became part of Wallachia . The territory fell under Ottoman rule from the mid-15th century until 1878, when it was awarded to Romania for its role in the 1877-78 Russo-Turkish War , and as compensation for the transfer of a region partly overlapping Southern Bessarabia . Under

552-442: Was partially built, together with the Azizyie Mosque , with funds given by Dobrujan Circassian raiders to the Ottoman authorities. This group had settled in Northern Dobruja in 1864 following the Circassian genocide and was expelled after the Ottoman defeat in the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878 . Following this war and Romania's absorption of Northern Dobruja, the building retained its administrative function until 1970, hosting

576-506: Was restored in the second half of the 10th century, as the Byzantines built a fort on the spot after reconquering the region. The fort was soon destroyed in 1064 by an attack of the Uzes , however some inhabitation continued. A settlement, larger than the one in the 11th century, is archaeologically attested beginning with the 14th century. The Ottoman rule was imposed around 1420, and would last for

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