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26-534: (Redirected from Trypho ) Tryphon , Triphon , or Trypho may refer to: People [ edit ] People of church [ edit ] Diodotus Tryphon (fl. 144–138 BC), Seleucid ruler Salvius Tryphon (fl. c. 100 BC), rebel slave Tryphon (grammarian) (c. 60 BC – 10 BC), Greek grammarian Tarfon (c. 100), Jewish rabbi Trypho (fl. 2nd century), Jewish philosopher in Dialogue with Trypho , possibly same as

52-562: A 1668 play by the Irish writer Roger Boyle Tryphon (wasp) , a genus in the family Ichneumonidae Professor Calculus (French: Professeur Tryphon Tournesol ), a fictional character in The Adventures of Tintin See also [ edit ] All pages with titles containing Tryphon All pages with titles containing Trypho Trifon , Russian variant of the name Topics referred to by

78-521: A man called Hierax were in command of the city of Antioch . They surrendered Antioch to Ptolemy and declared him king of the Seleucid Empire. Ptolemy, unwilling to rule both the Egyptian and Seleucid realms directly, declined the title in favour of Demetrius II. As Demetrius II secured himself on the throne, he began to eliminate former associates of Alexander Balas. Diodotus (Trypho) is introduced in

104-535: A negative attribute, implying softness, but could also be a positive virtue, advertising the ruler's wealth and ability to reward his subjects. The epithet Autokrator is unique; it is not attested for any other Greek ruler from this period. Edwyn Bevan argued that this epithet was intended to recall the Macedonian kings Philip II and Alexander the Great , who had held the title of Strategos Autokrator as elected leaders of

130-529: A new system, counting from his own accession as king. In order to secure Roman recognition of his kingship, Tryphon sent a golden statue of the goddess Nike to Rome. The Roman Senate chose to accept this Nike as a gift from Antiochus VI and did not extend recognition to Tryphon. There is no evidence that any of the neighbouring kings recognised Tryphon's kingship either. Once he was king, Tryphon expanded his control to at least Ptolemais-Akke and Dor . Demetrius, meanwhile, had journeyed east in 139/8 to fight

156-506: A year of declaring themselves kings. By contrast, Tryphon held power for over seven years from his rebellion in 144 BC until his death in 138 BC. Diodotus was originally from Casiana  [ el ] , a dependent town of the city of Apamea . He served as a general for Alexander Balas , during the civil war which the latter fought with Demetrius II Nicator . In 145 BC, when Alexander's father-in-law Ptolemy VI of Egypt switched his support to Demetrius II and invaded Syria, Diodotus and

182-498: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Diodotus Tryphon Diodotus Tryphon is unique in the history of the Seleucid empire, as the only rebel from outside the dynasty to gain control of the whole kingdom. Other rebels had claimed the throne, such as Molon and Timarchus , but they never succeeded in bringing the whole realm under their control and both were defeated within

208-543: The First Book of Maccabees as "a certain Trypho [who] had formerly been one of Alexander’s supporters", who sees and seizes an opportunity when "he saw that all the troops were grumbling against Demetrius [II]". He probably considered himself to be in danger, and he fled to an Arab ruler called Zabdiel or Imalkue, who had been entrusted with the care of Alexander Balas's young son. Diodotus, with Arab support, declared Alexander's son

234-510: The Greek forces against Persia. In Bevan's view this reference indicated Tryphon's election as king by the 'free Greco-Macedonian states of Syria'. Boris Chrubasik argues that Tryphon took the epithet in imitation of the Parthian rulers and to emphasise his independence from his predecessors (the term Autokrator literally means 'ruling (by) himself'). The martial overtones of it perhaps served to counter

260-473: The Jews under Jonathan Apphus in order to have them join with him against Demetrius, giving him honours and appointing his brother Simon Thassi as general. Jonathan accepted these overtures. Josephus justifies this by claiming that Demetrius had persecuted the Jews and that the memory of Alexander Balas encouraged them to support his son Antiochus VI. The situation did not last, however. The Jewish sources claim that

286-576: The Parthians, who had seized control of Mesopotamia the previous year. He was defeated and captured by them July or August of 138 BC, leaving Tryphon as uncontested ruler of the remaining Seleucid territories. Almost immediately, however, Demetrius' brother, Antiochus VII Sidetes took up the conflict against Tryphon. He declared himself King Antiochus Euergetes, left his home in Rhodes , and landed in Phoenicia in

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312-507: The Syrian and Phoenician coastal cities and Cilicia . Mesopotamia continued to recognise Demetrius as well and an invasion of the region by Diodotus in mid-144 seems to have been a failure. Territories further east, such as Susa and Elymais were conquered by the Parthians , who eventually took control of Mesopotamia as well in mid-141 BC. At the same time Diodotus made diplomatic overtures to

338-476: The Tigris, and made himself master of the city of Seleucia on the Tigris together with the whole of Babylonia and Mesopotamia . The formidable character of the insurrection now at last prompted Antiochus to march in person against the rebels. After wintering at Nisibis , he crossed the Tigris in 220 BC, and advanced southwards against Molon, who marched from Babylon to meet him. The right wing of Antiochus' army

364-462: The army, according to Athenaeus . In late 142 or early 141 BC, Antiochus VI Dionysus died, supposedly during a medical operation; most ancient sources accuse Diodotus of having had the young king murdered. Diodotus convinced the army to elect him king. As king, Diodotus used the name Tryphon Autocrator. 'Tryphon' referred to the Hellenistic royal virtue of tryphe (luxury). Tryphe was sometimes

390-483: The boldness of the Jonathan's attacks on Demetrius' supporters led Diodotus to fear his power and begin to plot against him. In 142 BC, Diodotus dispatched troops who lured Jonathan to Ptolemais with a small guard and captured him. Although Simon Thassi paid the money that Diodotus had demanded as a ransom for his brother, Diodotus had him executed anyway and attempted to attack Jerusalem . Heavy snowfall forced him to abandon

416-461: The face of staunch resistance. He married the wife of Demetrius, Cleopatra Thea , further legitimizing his position. Numismatic evidence shows that many coastal cities remained loyal to Tryphon, but that Sidon and Tyre immediately attached themselves to Antiochus' cause. Antiochus also successfully won over Simon Thassi by confirming and augmenting the grants made by his brother. Antiochus defeated Tryphon in battle and took control of Antioch by

442-404: The implications of softness that sometimes were associated with tryphe . There is no sign that Tryphon considered himself to be part of the Seleucid dynasty. On the contrary, he emphasised the break with his Seleucid predecessors through his unusual title, as well as the iconography of his coinage. His coins depicts him in a mature guise, with a rather fat face and long flowing hair - emphasising

468-507: The king were unable to oppose their progress, and Molon found himself at the head of a large army, and master of the whole country to the east of the Tigris . He was, however, foiled in his attempts to pass that river by Zeuxis . However, Xenoetas , the general of Antiochus, who was now sent against him with a large force, having ventured to cross it in his turn, was surprised by Molon, and his whole army cut to pieces. The rebel satrap now crossed

494-497: The luxuriousness implied by the name Trypon. The reverse side of his coins depict an elaborately decorated Boeotian helmet . This might have been meant to extend his connection to the army, and/or to further emphasise the idea of martial luxury. The break with the Seleucids was also indicated by the abandonment of the Seleucid dating system, in which years were counted continuously from the rise to power of Seleucus I . Tryphon instituted

520-494: The middle of 138 BC. He moved south to the fortress-city of Dor, where he was besieged. From there he escaped by sea to Orthosia and made his way to his home-region of Apamea, where he was besieged again. He died in late 138 or early 137 BC. Some sources say he was captured and executed, others that he committed suicide. Molon Molon ( / ˈ m oʊ l ə n / or / ˈ m oʊ ˌ l ɒ n / ) or Molo ( / ˈ m oʊ l oʊ / ; Ancient Greek : Mόλων ; died 220 BC)

546-497: The new king, as Antiochus VI Dionysus. The new king was less than five years old and Diodotus held all actual power as his regent. Diodotus and Antiochus were initially ignored by Demetrius who had to consolidate his power and was also faced with financial troubles. Utilising the discontent against the ruling regime Diodotus gathered a large army at his headquarters in Chalcis ad Belum . Eventually, Demetrius marched against them but he

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572-578: The rabbi Trypho (theologian) (fl. AD 240), Bible scholar Tryphon (Turkestanov) (1861–1934), hierarch of the Russian Orthodox Church Saint Tryphon (disambiguation) , several saints Other people [ edit ] Tryphon Kin-Kiey Mulumba (born 1949), Congolese politician Tryphon Samaras , Greek hairdresser and television personality Trifonas Nikolaidis  [ he ] (born 1944), Cypriot-Israeli singer Other [ edit ] Tryphon (play) ,

598-514: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Tryphon . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tryphon&oldid=1255252804 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Disambiguation pages with given-name-holder lists Hidden categories: Articles containing French-language text Short description

624-465: The siege and return to Syria. Simon quickly became a close ally of Demetrius II, who granted extensive freedoms to him - later seen as the moment when the Hasmonean Jewish state achieved full independence. In the same year an army of Tryphon's routed a pro-Demetrius force under Sarpedon between Ptolemais and Tyre, but as they were marching along the coast in pursuit, a great tidal wave wiped out

650-505: Was a general and satrap of the Seleucid king Antiochus the Great (223–187 BC). He held the satrapy of Media at the accession of that monarch (223 BC); in addition to which, Antiochus conferred upon him and his brother Alexander the government of all the upper provinces of his empire. But their hatred of Hermeias , the chief minister of Antiochus, soon led them both to revolt in 222 BC. The two generals at first sent against them by

676-476: Was defeated in battle, after which Diodotus gained control of Apamea and Antioch. Numismatic evidence indicates that Apamea was taken in early 144 and Antioch in late 144 or early 143. Diodotus, in the name of the boy-king Antiochus VI, controlled most of Inland Syria, including Antioch, Apamea, Larisa and Chalcis. Demetrius on the other hand based himself in Seleucia Pieria and retained control of many of

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