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37-488: Tripler Hospital was established in 1907, housed in several wooden structures within Fort Shafter on the island of Oʻahu . In 1920 it was named after a legendary American Civil War surgeon, Brevet Brigadier General Charles Stuart Tripler (1806–1866), who made significant contributions to the development of military medicine. Tripler Army Medical Center was commissioned by Lt. General Robert C. Richardson Jr. , who

74-518: A 450-bed capacity which then expanded to 1,000 beds through the addition of barracks-type buildings. Plans for the new Tripler Army Medical Center on Moanalua Ridge were drawn in 1942 and construction was completed in 1948. The General Bronze Corporation , known for New York City's Mies van der Rohe -designed Seagram Building , the Atlas and Prometheus bronze sculptures in Rockefeller Center ,

111-501: A century. Construction began in 1905 on the ahupua'a of Kahauiki, former Hawaiian crown lands that were ceded to the United States government after annexation. When the post opened in 1907, it was named for Major General William Rufus Shafter (1835–1906), who led the United States expedition to Cuba in 1898. Palm Circle was laid out as a cantonment for an infantry battalion. The barracks and officers' quarters were arranged around

148-501: A green leaf sheath [the crownshaft] and pinnate leaves" growing in central Florida. While no type collection is known, there are no other native palms that would fit Bartram's description. In 1946 Francis Harper pointed out that Bartram's name was valid and proposed a new combination, Roystonea elata . Liberty Hyde Bailey 's use of the name in his 1949 revision of the genus, established its usage. Harper's new combination immediately supplanted Cook's R. floridana , but there

185-563: A landscape palm. It appears to naturalise with ease, and extensive naturalised populations are present in Panama , Costa Rica , and Guyana. In the United States it grows mostly in central and southern Florida, Hawaii , Puerto Rico , and in South Texas in the Rio Grande Valley and southern California . The leaves of Roystonea regia are used as roosting sites by Eumops floridanus ,

222-580: A larval host plant for the butterflies Pyrrhocalles antiqua orientis and Asbolis capucinus in Cuba, and Brassolis astyra and B. sophorae in Brazil. It is susceptible to bud rot caused by the oomycete Phytophthora palmivora and by the fungus Thielaviopsis paradoxa . The species is considered an invasive species in secondary forest in Panama. Roystonea regia has been planted throughout

259-726: A maximum stem diameter of 61 cm (24 in).) The trunk is stout, very smooth and grey-white in colour with a characteristic bulge below a distinctive green crownshaft. Trees have about 15 leaves which can be up to 4 m (13 ft) long. The flowers are white with pinkish anthers. The fruit are spheroid to ellipsoid in shape, 8.9–15 millimetres (0.35–0.59 in) long and 7–10.9 mm (0.28–0.43 in) wide. They are green when immature, turning red and eventually purplish-black as they mature. Root nodules containing Rhizobium bacteria have been found on R. regia trees in India. The presence of rhizobia -containing root nodules

296-415: A new species, R. floridana , which is now considered a synonym of R. regia . In 1906 Charles Henry Wright described two new species based on collections from Georgetown , British Guiana (now Guyana ) which he placed in the genus Euterpe — E. jenmanii and E. ventricosa . Both species are now considered synonyms of R. regia . The name R. regia var. hondurensis

333-429: A parade field ringed by royal palms . The first unit stationed at the new post was the 2d Battalion, 20th Infantry Regiment . Fort Shafter gradually spread out from Palm Circle. Tripler General Hospital once stood where the highway intersection is today (the hospital moved to its present location in 1948). In 1914, a regimental-sized cantonment area was constructed (near Richardson Theater). The Hawaiian Ordnance Depot

370-404: A potentially useful source for the use in lightweight composite materials. An extract from R. regia fruit known as D-004 reduces benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) in rodents. D-004, is a mixture of fatty acids , is being studied as a potential alternative to finasteride for the treatment of BPH. Roystonea regia plays an important role in popular religion in Cuba. In Santería it

407-556: A roosting site and food source for a variety of animals. Roystonea regia is the national tree of Cuba, and has a religious role both in Santería and Christianity, where it is used in Palm Sunday observances. Roystonea regia is a large palm which reaches a height of 20–30 metres (66–98 ft) tall, (with heights up to 34.5 m (113 ft) reported) and a stem diameter of about 47 centimetres (19 in). (K. F. Connor reports

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444-437: A single species. Widely planted as an ornamental, R. regia is also used for thatch, construction timber, and in some forms of traditional medicine , although there is currently no valid scientific evidence to support the efficacy or use of any palm species for medicinal purposes. The fruit is eaten by birds and bats (which disperse the seeds) and fed to livestock. Its flowers are visited by birds and bats, and it serves as

481-498: A variety of superficially similar species which were not, in fact, closely related. To address this problem, American botanist Orator F. Cook created the genus Roystonea , which he named in honour of American general Roy Stone , and renamed Kunth's species Roystonea regia . Cook considered Floridian populations to be distinct from both the Cuba R. regia and the Puerto Rican R. borinquena , and he placed them in

518-513: A wider distribution in the past. Roystonea regia is most abundant in Cuba, where is occurs on hillsides and valleys. In southern Florida, Roystonea regia occurs in strand swamps and hardwood hammocks . Royal Palm State Park in the Everglades was established due to the high concentration of the species. Roystonea is cultivated in tropical and subtropical climates in the United States, Australia , Brazil , and parts of southern Asia as

555-556: Is adjacent ligular —during germination, as the cotyledon expands it only pushes a portion of the embryo out of the seed. As a result, the seedling develops adjacent to the seed. The embryo forms a ligule , and the plumule protrudes from this. Seedlings in cultivation are reported to begin producing a stem two years after germination, at the point where they produce their thirteenth leaf. Growth rates of seedlings averaged 4.2 cm (1.7 in) per year in Florida. Roystonea regia

592-599: Is a census-designated place located in the City and County of Honolulu , Hawai‘i . It is the headquarters of the United States Army Pacific , which commands most Army forces in the Asia-Pacific region with the exception of Korea. Geographically, Fort Shafter extends up the interfluve (ridgeline) between Kalihi and Moanalua valleys, as well as onto the coastal plain (as Shafter Flats ) at Māpunapuna . A portion of

629-769: Is found in Central America, Cuba, the Cayman Islands , Hispaniola (the Dominican Republic and Haiti ), the Lesser Antilles , The Bahamas , southern Florida, and Mexico (in Veracruz , Campeche , Quintana Roo , and Yucatán ). William Bartram described the species from Lake Dexter , along the St. Johns River in the area of modern Lake and Volusia Counties in central Florida , an area north of its modern range, suggesting

666-431: Is usually associated with nitrogen fixation in legumes ; this was the first record of root nodules in a monocotyledonous tree. Further evidence of nitrogen fixation was provided by the presence of nitrogenase (an enzyme used in nitrogen fixation) and leghaemoglobin , a compound which allows nitrogenase to function by reducing the oxygen concentration in the root nodule. In addition to evidence of nitrogen fixation,

703-405: Is widely cultivated, it is called vakka . In Cambodia, where it is planted as decorative along avenues and in public parks, it is known as sla barang' ("Western palm"). Roystonea regia produces unisexual flowers that are pollinated by animals. European honey bees and bats are reported pollinators. Seeds are dispersed by birds and bats that feed upon the fruit. Seed germination

740-522: The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers , Pacific Ocean Division (relocated from Fort Armstrong, (Hawaii) ). In 1979, the Army established U.S. Army Western Command, which was renamed U.S. Army, Pacific in 1990. In 1983, the Army conveyed to the State of Hawaii 750 acres (3.0 km ) of undeveloped land on the northern end of post. Today Fort Shafter remains the focal point for command, control, and support of Army forces in

777-655: The royal palm , Cuban royal palm , or Florida royal palm , is a species of palm native to Mexico , the Caribbean , Florida , and parts of Central America . A large and attractive palm, it has been planted throughout the tropics and subtropics as an ornamental tree. Although it is sometimes called R. elata , the conserved name R. regia is now the correct name for the species. The royal palm reaches heights from 15–24 m (50–80 ft) tall. Populations in Cuba and Florida were long seen as separate species, but are now considered

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814-799: The Asia-Pacific region; it includes an underground command center beneath Palm Circle. Hawaii Department of Education operates public schools. As of 2016 zoned schools are Shafter Elementary School, Moanalua Middle School, and Moanalua High School . Royal palm Oreodoxa regia Kunth Oenocarpus regius (Kunth) Spreng. Palma elata W.Bartram Roystonea floridana O.F.Cook Euterpe jenmanii C.H.Wright Euterpe ventricosa C.H.Wright Roystonea jenmanii (C.H.Wright) Burret Roystonea elata (W.Bartram) F.Harper Roystonea ventricosa (C.H.Wright) L.H.Bailey Roystonea regia var. hondurensis P.H.Allen Roystonea regia , commonly known as

851-415: The Florida bonneted bat, and is used as a retreat for Cuban tree frogs ( Osteopilus septentriolalis ), a non-native species in Florida. In Panama (where R. regia is introduced), its trunks are used as nesting sites by yellow-crowned parrots ( Amazona ochrocephala panamensis ). The flowers of R. regia are visited by pollen -collecting bees and are considered a good source of nectar . Its pollen

888-599: The area is also known as the Palm Circle Historic District ; it is listed on the National Register of Historic Places and has been further designated as a U.S. National Historic Landmark . It is also known as Palm Circle or 100 Area . Fort Shafter is the oldest military base on Oahu and celebrated its 100th birthday on 22 June 2007. Fort Shafter has been home to the senior Army headquarters in Hawaii for

925-861: The bronze doors for the United States Supreme Court and Commerce buildings, the aluminum windows for the United Nations Secretariat , Chase Manhattan Bank , fabricated the aluminum windows for the Tripler Army Base Hospital In 1959, the original hospital was demolished to make way for expansion of Moanalua Road (now Interstate H-201). The installation has housing within the premises. Hawaii Department of Education operates public schools for dependent children of service members. As of 2016, zoned schools are Moanalua Elementary School, Moanalua Middle School, and Moanalua High School . Fort Shafter Fort Shafter

962-400: The genus Oenocarpus and renamed it O. regius . The genus Oreodoxa was proposed by German botanist Carl Ludwig Willdenow in 1807 and applied by him to two species, O. acuminata (now known as Prestoea acuminata ) and O.  praemorsa (now Wettinia praemorsa ). Although these species were transferred to other genera, the genus Oreodoxa continued to be applied to

999-487: The nodules were also found to be producing indole acetic acid , an important plant hormone . Roystonea is placed in the subfamily Arecoideae and the tribe Roystoneae. The placement Roystonea within the Arecoideae is uncertain; a phylogeny based on plastid DNA failed to resolve the position of the genus within the Arecoideae. As of 2008, there appear to be no molecular phylogenetic studies of Roystonea and

1036-465: The relationship between R. regia and the rest of the genus is uncertain. The species was first described by American naturalist William Bartram in 1791 as Palma elata based on trees growing in central Florida . In 1816 German botanist Carl Sigismund Kunth described the species Oreodoxa regia based on collections made by Alexander von Humboldt and Aimé Bonpland in Cuba. In 1825 German botanist Curt Polycarp Joachim Sprengel moved it to

1073-479: The species had been propagated around the world under that name. Roystonea elata , on the other hand, had only been used since 1949, and was used much less widely. On that basis, Zona proposed that the name Roystonea regia should be conserved. In cultivation, Roystonea regia is called the Cuban royal palm or simply the royal palm. In Cuba, the tree is called the palma real or palma criolla . In India, where it

1110-492: The time since the Second World War , Fort Shafter has remained the senior Army headquarters for the Asia-Pacific region. In 1947, the headquarters was renamed U.S. Army, Pacific. The post continued to adapt to meet the Army's evolving requirements. In the early 1960s it was split in two by the new Moanalua Freeway . In 1974, when the headquarters was eliminated, Fort Shafter became home to U.S. Army Support Command, Hawaii, and

1147-513: The tropics and subtropics as an ornamental. The seed is used as a source of oil and for livestock feed. Leaves are used for thatching and the wood for construction. The roots are used as a diuretic , and for that reason they are added to tifey , a Haitian drink, by Cubans of Haitian origin. They are also used as a treatment for diabetes . Fibres extracted from the leaf sheath of R. regia have been found to be comparable with sisal and banana fibres, but lower in density, making it

Tripler Army Medical Center - Misplaced Pages Continue

1184-538: Was Military Governor of the Territory of Hawaiʻi during World War II. General Richardson hired the New York City based architectural firm of York & Sawyer to design the medical complex. The local landscape architect Robert O. Thompson designed the landscape to be "one of the great beauty spots of Hawaii", although his plans were never fully realized. At the outbreak of World War II , Tripler Army Medical Center had

1221-463: Was also found in the stomachs of Phyllonycteris poeyi , the Cuban flower bat (a pollen-feeder) and Monophyllus redmani , Leach's single leaf bat (a nectar-feeder). Artibeus jamaicensis , the Jamaican fruit bat , and Myiozetetes similis , the social flycatcher , feed on the fruit. Roystonea regia is the host plant for the royal palm bug, Xylastodoris luteolus , in Florida. It also serves as

1258-505: Was applied by Paul H. Allen to Central American populations of the species. However, Scott Zona determined that they did not differ enough from Cuban populations to be considered a separate variety . Based on the rules of botanical nomenclature , the oldest properly published name for a species has priority over newer names. Bartram applied the Linnaean binomial Palma elata to a "large, solitary palm with an ashen white trunk topped by

1295-507: Was built in 1917 as a separate post (near today's post exchange). In 1921, the Hawaiian Department moved to Fort Shafter from downtown Honolulu. Finally, a new area was constructed in 1940 for Signal Corps elements. War came to Fort Shafter on 7 December 1941, where the Hawaiian Department commander, Lieutenant General Walter C. Short , occupied Quarters 5. One soldier, Corporal Arthur A. Favreau, 64th Coast Artillery (Anti-Aircraft) ,

1332-468: Was disagreement as to whether Cuban and Floridian populations represented a single species or two species. Zona's revision of the genus concluded that they both belonged to the same species. According to the rules of botanical nomenclature, the correct name of the species should have been Roystonea elata . Zona pointed out, however, that the name R. regia (or Oreodoxa regia ) has a history of use in horticulture that dated from at least 1838, and that

1369-584: Was killed on post by an errant Navy shell. Fort Shafter became a busy headquarters and the barracks on Palm Circle were converted to offices. The major headquarters was named successively U.S. Army Forces, Central Pacific Area (1943–44); U.S. Army Forces, Pacific Ocean Areas (1944–45); and U.S. Army Forces, Middle Pacific (1945–47). In 1944, the Army Corps of Engineers erected the "Pineapple Pentagon" (buildings T-100, T-101, and T-102) in just 49 days. Two large fishponds were filled in to form Shafter Flats. For most of

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