The Grand Trianon ( French pronunciation: [ɡʁɑ̃ tʁijanɔ̃] ) is a French Baroque style château situated in the northwestern part of the Domain of Versailles in Versailles , France. It was built at the request of Louis XIV as a retreat for himself and his maîtresse-en-titre of the time, the Marquise de Montespan , and as a place where he and invited guests could take light meals ( collations ) away from the strict etiquette of the royal court. The Grand Trianon is set within its own park, which includes the Petit Trianon (a smaller château built in the 1760s, during the reign of Louis XV ).
25-602: Triannon may refer to Grand Trianon , in France Petit Trianon , in France The Triannon , an alien race in the Star Trek: Enterprise episode " Chosen Realm " Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Triannon . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change
50-560: Is an official residence of the President of France , used for receiving foreign dignitaries. 48°48′53″N 2°06′17″E / 48.81472°N 2.10472°E / 48.81472; 2.10472 Boiserie Panelling (or paneling in the United States) is a millwork wall covering constructed from rigid or semi-rigid components. These are traditionally interlocking wood , but could be plastic or other materials. Panelling
75-676: The Duchess of Bourbon, Madame la Duchesse , lived at the Trianon and later built the Palais Bourbon in Paris , the design of which copied the Trianon. In 1708, the prototypes for the commodes Mazarine , then called bureaux , were delivered to the Trianon by André-Charles Boulle . The first Duke of Antin , Louis Antoine de Pardaillan de Gondrin , director of the Bâtiments du Roi , wrote to Louis XIV: "I
100-672: The galerie des Cotelle , a gallery with paintings by Jean l'Aîné Cotelle representing the bosquets of Versailles and Trianon. During the French Revolution of 1789, the Grand Trianon was left to neglect. At the time of the First French Empire , Napoleon made it one of his residences, and he furnished it in the Empire Style . Napoleon lived at Trianon with his second wife, Marie Louise of Austria . The next royals to live at
125-475: The hamlet of Trianon, on the outskirts of Versailles . In 1670, he commissioned the architect Louis Le Vau to design a porcelain pavilion ( Trianon de porcelaine ) to be built there. The façade was made of white and blue Delft -style porcelain ( ceramic ) tiles from the French manufactures of Rouen , Lisieux , Nevers and Saint-Cloud . Construction began in 1670 and was finished two years later. Since it
150-519: The Grand Trianon to his wife Marie Leszczyńska . Later, it was during a stay at Trianon that Louis XV fell ill before being transported to the Palace of Versailles, where he died on 10 May 1774. No more than his predecessor had, Louis XVI brought no structural modifications to the Grand Trianon. His wife, Queen Marie Antoinette , who preferred the Petit Trianon , gave a few theatrical representations in
175-581: The Grand Trianon were the King and Queen of the French – Louis Philippe I and his Italian wife Maria Amalia of the Two Sicilies . He was a descendant of the Regent Philippe d'Orléans, and she was a niece of Marie Antoinette. In October 1837, Marie d'Orléans (daughter of Louis Philippe I) married Alexander of Württemberg at the Grand Trianon. Louis Philippe made sanitary alterations to the Grand Trianon, moving
200-505: The Palace of Versailles. Louis reputedly ordered the architects to "Paint everything white. No gilt or color for the walls of Trianon." This was a departure from the variegated marbles, rich colors, and gilding which defined the interiors at Versailles. Instead of the heavy ornamentation on display in the palace, the walls of the Trianon were covered in delicately carved wood boiseries , with plaster friezes, pilasters, and capitals of noticeably more refined, delicate appearance. The Trianon
225-523: The construction of a larger wing for the Trianon, which was begun in 1708 by Hardouin-Mansart; this wing, called Trianon-sous-Bois , housed the Orléans family, including Louis XIV's legitimised daughter Françoise-Marie de Bourbon . The king's youngest grandson, Charles de France , and his wife Marie Louise Élisabeth d'Orléans also resided there. The Orléans family, who had apartments at the Palace of Versailles, were later replaced by Françoise-Marie's sister;
250-406: The kitchens and offices to the basement and adding plumbing. Despite these changes "the general character of the palace was unchanged, and even the original arrangement of the rooms was preserved," according to Pierre de Nolhac . In 1873, Marshal François Achille Bazaine was imprisoned for treason at the Grand Trianon and his trial took place in the peristyle. In 1920, the Grand Trianon hosted
275-405: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Triannon&oldid=933218494 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Grand Trianon Between 1663 and 1665, Louis XIV purchased
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#1732852637088300-414: The main reception rooms. The Palace of Versailles contains many fine examples of white painted boiseries with gilded mouldings installed in the reigns of Louis XV and Louis XVI . The panels were not confined to just the walls of a room but were used to decorate doors, frames, cupboards, and shelves also. It was standard for mirrors to be installed and framed by the carved boiseries , especially above
325-455: The mantelpiece of a fireplace. Paintings were also installed within boiseries , above doorways or set into central panels. Wood wall panelling has seen a resurgence in popularity in recent years due to its aesthetic appeal, versatility, and sustainability. Traditionally used to insulate and decorate interiors, modern wood panelling includes wainscoting, beadboard, shiplap, board and batten, and both raised and flat panels. This renewed interest
350-581: The negotiations and signing of the Treaty of Trianon , which left Hungary with less than one-third of its pre- World War I land size. To Hungarians, the word "Trianon" remains to this day the symbol of one of their worst national disasters. In 1963, Charles de Gaulle ordered a renovation of the building. A popular site today for tourists visiting Versailles, it is also one of the French Republic 's presidential residences used to host foreign officials. It
375-494: The original design, meant to harmonize with the roof of the Trianon de porcelaine , was vetoed by the king, who felt it looked too "heavy" on the structure. The long interior gallery which forks west from the main wing was built on the spot of a favorite outdoor promenade that Louis XIV enjoyed at the old Trianon de porcelaine . The interior design scheme departed significantly from what Louis XIV and his architects had established at
400-406: The original intention of keeping the core of the Trianon de porcelaine intact vetoed in favor of an open-air peristyle with a screen of red marble columns facing onto the garden. At least three other structures were built at the center of the new building and then torn down before the peristyle was settled on, during the frantic building activity of the summer of 1687. The sloping Mansard roof of
425-465: The plural boiseries ) is the French term used to define ornate and intricately carved wood panelling. Boiseries became popular in the latter part of the 17th century in French interior design , becoming a de rigueur feature of fashionable French interiors throughout the 18th century. Such panels were most often painted in two shades of a chosen color or in contrasting colors, with gilding reserved for
450-408: The same name, used for that purpose; and although that has long been superseded by the introduction of fir timber, the term has been continued notwithstanding the change of material. Today the term wainscot refers commonly to the different treatment of the lower part of the wall (roughly a meter, 3–4 feet); see also dado . Boiserie ( French pronunciation: [bwazʁi] ; often used in
475-465: The walls with boards A 'wainscot' was therefore a board of riven (and later quarter-sawn ) oak, and wainscoting was the panelling made from it. During the 18th century, oak wainscot was almost entirely superseded for panelling in Europe by softwoods (mainly Scots pine and Norway spruce ), but the name stuck: The term wainscoting, as applied to the lining of walls, originated in a species of foreign oak of
500-617: Was at the Trianon inspecting the second writing desk by Boulle; it is as beautiful as the other and suits the room perfectly." In 1717, Peter the Great of Russia, who was studying the palace and gardens of Versailles, resided at the Trianon; the Peterhof Palace was inspired by Versailles. Louis XV did not bring any changes to the Grand Trianon. In 1740 and 1743, his father-in-law, Stanisław Leszczyński , former king of Poland, stayed there during his visits to Versailles. In 1741, Louis XV gifted
525-957: Was developed in antiquity to make rooms in stone buildings more comfortable both by insulating the room from the stone and reflecting radiant heat from wood fires, making heat more evenly distributed in the room. In more modern buildings , such panelling is often installed for decorative purposes . Panelling, such as wainscoting and boiserie in particular, may be extremely ornate and is particularly associated with 17th and 18th century interior design , Victorian architecture in Britain , and its international contemporaries. The term wainscot ( UK : / ˈ w eɪ n s k ə t / WAYN -skət or US : / ˈ w eɪ n s k ɒ t / WAYN -skot ) originally applied to high quality riven oak boards. Wainscot oak came from large, slow-grown forest trees, and produced boards that were knot-free, low in tannin , light in weight, and easy to work with. It
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#1732852637088550-641: Was home to Louis XIV's extended family, housing his son and heir Louis, Grand Dauphin from 1703 to 1711. The domain was also a favourite retreat of the Duchess of Burgundy , the wife of his grandson Louis de France , the parents of Louis XV . In the later years of Louis XIV's reign, the Trianon was the residence of the King's sister-in-law Elizabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate , Dowager Duchess of Orléans and known at court as Madame . Her son, Philippe d'Orléans , future son-in-law of Louis XIV and Regent of France, lived there with his mother. Louis XIV even ordered
575-471: Was made of porcelain, the building suffered from deterioration. Louis XIV ordered its demolition in 1686 and replaced it with a larger building. By 1686, the fragile porcelain tiles of the Trianon de porcelaine had deteriorated to such a point that Louis XIV ordered the demolition of the pavilion and its replacement with one made of stronger material. Commission of the work was entrusted to the architect Jules Hardouin-Mansart . Hardouin-Mansart's new structure
600-561: Was preferred to home-grown oak, especially in the Netherlands and British Isles, because it was a far superior product and dimensionally stable. The Oxford English Dictionary states that it derives from the Middle Low German wagenschot as well as wageschot or 'wall-board'. Johnson's Dictionary defined it thus: Wainscot [ wageschot , Dutch], the inner wooden covering of a wall. To wainscot [ waegenschotten , Dutch], to line
625-557: Was twice the size of the porcelain pavilion, and the material used was red marble from Languedoc . Begun in June 1687, the new construction (as we see it today) was finished in January 1688. It was inaugurated by Louis XIV and his secret wife, the Marquise de Maintenon , during the summer of 1688. Hardouin-Mansart's early plans for the building were substantially altered during construction, with
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