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40-541: Trench Town (also Trenchtown ) is a neighbourhood located in the parish of St. Andrew , part of which is in Kingston , the capital and largest city of Jamaica . Today Trench Town is the location of the Trench Town Culture Yard Museum, a National Heritage Site presenting the unique history and contribution of Trench Town to Jamaica. Trench Town is the birthplace of rocksteady and reggae music, as well as

80-410: A PNP stronghold. The road connecting the two, Seventh Street, became the frontline in an all-out war, which saw the entire two blocks of Government Yards between Fifth Street and Seventh Streets being destroyed. The greatest challenge of the community and Jamaica today is poverty. Traditional community organizations such as Boys Town [YMCA] and Joy Town [YWCA] continue to contribute to the welfare of

120-615: A campus of Kingston College , in Rollington Town, are some of those schools. Saint Andrew provides the vibrancy that creates a city environment, nightlife, many restaurants, outdoor facilities, and tourist attractions, making the city of Kingston what it is today. The St. Andrew Juvenile Remand Centre of the Department of Correctional Services, Jamaica is located in Stony Hill , St. Andrew Parish. The primary roads through Kingston to

160-442: A central courtyard with communal cooking and bathroom facilities. The residences became the famous Government Yards of Trench Town. Knog construction refers to a labor-intensive traditional method of construction where a timber-frame structure is in-filled with brick or rubble then covered with a wire mesh and plastered . The architecture used was that of a rural Caribbean vernacular with hip roofs and wide verandas . Trench Town

200-544: A central space that is semi-private. They may contain a mixture of uses, with commercial or retail functions on the ground floor. Perimeter blocks are a key component of many European cities and are an urban form that allows very high urban densities to be achieved without high-rise buildings. In North American English and Australian English , the word "block" is used as an informal unit of distance. For example, someone giving directions might say, "It's three blocks from here", meaning either literally three blocks distant (in

240-451: A city with a grid system, the block is the smallest group of buildings that is surrounded by streets . City blocks are the space for buildings within the street pattern of a city, and form the basic unit of a city's urban fabric. City blocks may be subdivided into any number of smaller land lots usually in private ownership, though in some cases, it may be other forms of tenure. City blocks are usually built-up to varying degrees and thus form

280-517: A regeneration project in Rose Town through his Foundation for Building Community. Trench Town is known in popular culture due to numerous ska , rocksteady , and reggae musicians who grew up there, most notably Bob Marley , who spent much of his youth in the Government Yard on First Street. His songs "Trenchtown", "Natty Dread", "Trenchtown Rock" and " No Woman, No Cry " make reference to it. It

320-513: A series of cells or Superblocks, each containing a network of narrower streets.” Superblocks can also be retroactively superimposed on pre-existing grid plan by changing the traffic rules and streetscape of internal streets within the superblock, as in the case of Barcelona 's superilles ( Catalan for superblocks). Each superilla has nine city blocks, with speed limits on the internal roads slowed to 10–20 km/h (6.2–12.4 mph), through traffic disallowed, and through travel possible only on

360-503: Is Delroy Williams. St Andrew has one major river, that being the Hope River at 19.6 Kilometres Cross Roads, New Kingston, Half-Way-Tree, Matilda's Corner, and Constant Spring are important commercial centres in St. Andrew, but may be regarded as suburbs of Kingston. Coronation Market bordering both Saint Andrew and Kingston, is one of the largest, if not the largest outdoor market in this part of

400-602: Is about 264 by 900 feet (80 m × 274 m). In Chicago , a typical city block is 330 by 660 feet (100 m × 200 m), meaning that 16 east-west blocks or 8 north-south blocks measure one mile, which has been adopted by other US cities. In much of the United States and Canada, the addresses follow a block and lot number system , in which each block of a street is allotted 100 building numbers. The blocks in central Melbourne, Australia , are also 330 by 660 feet (100 m × 200 m), formed by splitting

440-529: Is also the home of two of Jamaica's top Premier League football club teams, Arnett Gardens and Boys' Town . During the colonial period, Trenchtown was part of the Greenwich Park estate of Daniel Power Trench (1813-1884), son of a wealthy plantation owner and slave-holder. Christopher Whyms-Stone asserts the settlement's name derives from Daniel Trench (rather than, for instance, taking its name from gulleys and trenches observable in its landscape). During

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480-464: Is an important informal unit of length equal to the distance between two streets of a street grid. In most cities of the New World that were planned rather than developing gradually over a long period of time, streets are typically laid out on a grid plan of square or rectangular city blocks. Using the perimeter block development principle, city blocks are developed so that buildings are located along

520-496: Is another hometown to many musicians, including Keith Hudson , King Tubby 's, U Roy , Sir Jammy's, Black Uhuru , Dennis "Senitor" Allen, Early B . Super Cat , Shabba , and Beenie Man . It is also the home of Olympic gold medalist, Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce . The residence built in 1881 by George Stiebel, Jamaica's first black millionaire, is known as Devon House . Steibel gained his wealth in Venezuela and returned to Jamaica. He

560-498: Is in Saint Andrew. Mavado , Sean Paul , Buju Banton , Elephant Man , The Mighty Diamonds , Monty Alexander , Beres Hammond , Lady Saw , Sugar Minott , Bounty Killer , Mr. Vegas , Richie Spice are some of the parish's current musician residents. The area of Trenchtown became famous for such residents as The Wailers ( Bunny Wailer , Peter Tosh and Bob Marley ), and Toots Hibbert , who created reggae music. Waterhouse

600-459: Is mainly known for the vast number of musicians it produced, the community has also produced some of Jamaica's top professional, business and political leaders as well as famous sports and religious personalities. This small area contributed widely to global awareness of the impoverished and politically-corrupt conditions in Jamaica. Like the rest of Jamaica, Trench Town became unstable and dangerous in

640-580: The 1930s, Trench Pen, in southern St. Andrew (neighboring western Kingston), was a growing squatter settlement for the rural to urban migrants. Trench Pen was developed into Trench Town when the colonial government 's Central Housing Authority (CHA) initiated a model township project, which included owner-occupied housing, rental social housing , schools, a theatre (The Ambassador), a park (Vin Lawrence Park), YMCA and YWCA , health clinic and fire station . Approximately 200 acres (81 hectares) of Trench Pen

680-587: The West Indies is located on the estate and uses some of the historic buildings. Part of the navigable aqueduct is still intact. Vale Royal , the residence of the Prime Minister, and King's House, the Governor General's residence, are significant historic buildings. The area of Norbrook was once the plantation of George William Gordon . The Bob Marley Museum is located in a mansion on Hope Road that

720-614: The West Indies . The Edna Manley School for the Visual Arts is also located in Saint Andrew, not far from the National Stadium. The parish of Saint Andrew also has some of the top high schools on the island. Campion College , Jamaica College , Calabar High School , Ardenne High School , Immaculate Conception High School , St Andrew High School for Girls , Holy Childhood High School , Meadowbrook High School , St. George's College , St Hugh's High School , Excelsior High School , and

760-646: The area of Bull Bay , a mile and a half of the coast . At the south of Papine, several miles northeast of Kingston is the University of the West Indies , occupying 2.6 km (1.0 sq mi) of the Liguanea Plain at the foot of Long Mountain. The University of Technology , Jamaica, formerly the College of Arts, Science and Technology, is located nearby. So too is the United Theological College of

800-427: The country can be found on Knutsford Boulevard, also known as The Strip. The area of New Kingston is seen as the financial capital of the island, with its large headquarters for banks and investment companies. The commercial areas, with their many malls, plazas and stores, provide employment for many in the urban area of the parish. Gypsum is found in large quantities, in eastern St. Andrew, the largest deposits being in

840-641: The early 1970s when politics became violent. The two major Jamaican political parties (the People's National Party and the Jamaica Labour Party ) had emerged in Kingston and violently enforced codes that ensured only their party's supporters had access to jobs and services. The lower part of Trench Town below Seventh Street was sympathetic to the JLP, which in the 1970s put it at war with its northern neighbor Arnette Gardens,

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880-458: The example of Philadelphia , New York City adopted the Commissioners' Plan of 1811 for a more extensive grid plan . Some variations of the interpretation of city blocks include superblocks, subblocks, and perimeter blocks. A superblock , or super-block , is an area of urban land that is bounded by arterial roads and the size of multiple typically sized city blocks. Within the superblock,

920-441: The highest of any of the parishes in Jamaica. George William Gordon (d. 1865), one of Jamaica's seven National Heroes , was born in this parish. It contains many attractions, historical sites, famous residents, and the country's financial capital. The parish has a rich musical tradition, with numerous well-known musicians and developing popular types of Jamaican music. The Studio One studio founded by Clement "Coxsone" Dodd

960-563: The home of reggae and Rastafari ambassador Bob Marley . The neighborhood gets its name from its previous designation as Trench Pen, 400 acres (162 hectares) of land once used for livestock by Daniel Power Trench, an Irish immigrant of the 18th century (descendants of the Earls of Clancarty ). The Trench family abandoned the land in the late 19th century. Trench Town is home to the communities of Wilton Gardens [Rema], Federal Gardens, Arnett Gardens [Jungle], Havana, Buckers and others. Trench Town today

1000-416: The island provides a venue for farmers throughout Jamaica. West St. Andrew, however, is a populous residential area . Total population of the parish was 573,369 in 2011. Much of the parish is devoted to agriculture . Its principal products include coffee , mangoes , cocoa , peas , beans , sugarcane , cattle , dairy goods, cigar and cigarette , vegetables and ground provisions . To encourage

1040-457: The local road network, if any, is designed to serve only local needs. Superblocks can also contain an orthogonal internal road network, including those based on a grid plan or quasi-grid plan. That typology is prevalent in Japan and China, for example. Chen defines the supergrid and superblock urban morphology in that context as follows: “The Supergrid is a large-scale net of wide roads that defines

1080-434: The movement of industrial plants from the business areas of Kingston, and to facilitate the establishment of new industries with local and overseas capital, the government has established an industrial estate in St. Andrew, bordering on Western Kingston. This industrial estate is over 1.2 km (300 acres ) in size. Tourism plays a major part in the economy of the parish. The major hotels in this southeastern part of

1120-533: The perimeter of the block, with entrances facing the street, and semi-private courtyards in the rear of the buildings. This historic arrangement reflects organic development of structures and land usage, adapted to urban planning. Since the spacing of streets in grid plans varies so widely among cities, or even within cities, it is difficult to generalize about the size of a city block. Oblong blocks range considerably in width and length. The standard block in Manhattan

1160-434: The perimeter roads. In a geoprocessing perspective there are two complementary ways of modeling city blocks: A block without sidewalks is always within a block with sidewalks . The geometric subtraction of a block without sidewalks from block with sidewalks , contains the sidewalk, the alley, and any other non-lot sub-structure. A perimeter block is a type of city block which is built up on all sides surrounding

1200-502: The physical containers or "streetwalls" of public space. Most cities are composed of a greater or lesser variety of sizes and shapes of urban block. For example, many pre-industrial cores of cities in Europe, Asia, and the Middle East tend to have irregularly shaped street patterns and urban blocks, while cities based on grids have much more regular arrangements. By extension, the word "block"

1240-588: The residents. New organizations such as AIR (Agency for Inner-city Renewal), the Trenchtown Reading Centre [FACE Jamaica], and the Trench Town Development Association, were formed to increase positive social attitudes, increase literacy and encourage government spending and development in the area. Crime in the neighbourhood has declined; the murder rate in western Kingston has dropped since the mid-1990s. King Charles III has funded

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1280-504: The rest of the island all pass through St Andrew including the A1 to Lucea , A3 to Saint Ann's Bay , A4 to Annotto Bay and B1 to Buff Bay via Newcastle . The Transport Center, located in Half-Way-Tree, Saint Andrew is a depot for public buses servicing many parts of the tri-parish area (Saint Andrew, Kingston and Saint Catherine)and the outlying areas. The main railway line from Kingston to

1320-533: The rest of the island ran through western St Andrew en route to Spanish Town. It is now closed. Jamaica's 2 primary airports are Sangster International Airport located in Montego Bay, St James and Norman Manley International Airport located on the Palisadoes Peninsula in Kingston, St. Andrew. Plumb Point Lighthouse is located at Great Plumb Point on the Palisadoes Peninsula . City block In

1360-552: The square blocks in an original grid with a narrow street down the middle. Many Old World cities have grown by accretion over time rather than being planned, making rectangular city blocks uncommon in the innermost development among most European cities , for example. An exception is represented by those cities that were founded as Roman military settlements, and that often preserve the original grid layout around two main orthogonal axes (such as Turin, Italy ) and cities heavily damaged during World War II (like Frankfurt ). Following

1400-548: The west by St. Catherine , north by St. Mary , northeast by Portland along the Blue Mountain range, and east by St. Thomas . In 1923, the parishes of St Andrew and Kingston were administratively merged to form the Kingston and St Andrew Corporation (KSAC), with a single elected council and a mayor. Parts of the geographic area of Saint Andrew is often referred to as the "Corporate Area, town, Kingston Metropolitan area, uptown Kingston, Kingston 2-20". The current mayor of KSAC

1440-447: Was a planned community with a hierarchical grid of streets and central sewage and garbage disposal systems. In the 1950s and 1960s, bread and milk were delivered door to door. Each month the CHA would inspect the residences to ensure compliance and that tenants paid their twelve shillings per month on time. Trench then became famous for the talent which emerged from the project. Trench Town

1480-469: Was also home to Rastafari elder Mortimo "Kumi" Planno , and the following artists and groups: Saint Andrew Parish, Jamaica Saint Andrew ( Jamaican Patois : Sint Anju ) is a parish , situated in the southeast of Jamaica in the county of Surrey . It lies north, west and east of Kingston , and stretches into the Blue Mountains . As of the 2011 census, it had a population of 573,369,

1520-582: Was appointed as the Custos , a high civic post, of Saint Andrew. His residence has been restored and is operated as a house museum; it is open to the public for tours and special events. Concessions include a Devon House ice cream shop. The grounds of the Hope Estate, built in the 17th century, now support Hope Gardens (Royal Botanical Gardens), one of the oldest in the Western Hemisphere. The University of

1560-450: Was once owned by businessman Chris Blackwell . It is now open for guided tours. St. Andrew was one of the first parishes to be established by law in 1867. Before being established, it was known as Liguanea. St Andrew is located at 18°01′N 76°54′W  /  18.017°N 76.900°W  / 18.017; -76.900 and covers an area of 455 km (176 sq mi). The parish lies just north of Kingston , bounded in

1600-430: Was used to create Trench Town, and the remaining land became known as Rose Town, a residential community . Many who came from rural Jamaica to find work settled in the western side of Kingston, as there were available "idle" lands, and the area was also a desirable location since it close to downtown and the market district. The new residences consisted of one- and two- storey 'knog' buildings, built in clusters or around

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