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38-399: The TransAmerica Bicycle Trail began as the route for Bikecentennial , a mass bicycle tour across the country to celebrate the U.S. Bicentennial in 1976. The route was developed and mapped in the years preceding the event by volunteers and staff members of the organization Bikecentennial, which changed its name to Adventure Cycling Association in 1993. Over 4,100 cyclists rode at least part of

76-469: A per capita income of US$ 25,719, the second highest in Argentina, behind Buenos Aires . Manufacturing, despite the province's remoteness, contributes about 20% to output owing partly to generous certain tax incentives to local industry, a policy Buenos Aires has pursued to encourage immigration to less populated areas. A number of sizable factories have opened on Tierra del Fuego Island to take advantage of

114-475: A segment of Antarctica that overlaps with the British and Chilean claims on that continent. Argentina has no effective control in these territories outside its own Antarctic bases . Tierra del Fuego was first settled by indigenous peoples around 12,000 years ago. Discovered by Ferdinand Magellan 's expedition in 1520, he named the area Land of Smokes (later changed to Land of Fire ), likely referring to

152-521: A distance of about 4,250 miles (6,840 km). The route was chosen to take cyclists through small towns on mostly rural, low-traffic roads. About 4,100 riders participated in the event, representing all 50 states and many foreign countries. Several route options were available to the participants, ranging from an 82-day, 4,250-mile cross-country trip to a more modest 12-day trip through the Rocky Mountains. Roughly 1,750 cyclists were signed up to ride

190-658: A leader, trained by Bikecentennial staff, who would handle the group's money and delegate chores like buying food, cooking, and cleaning up the campsite. Bikecentennial received support from the Wally Byam Foundation , Huffy bikes , Shimano , the Bicycle Institute of America, and the American Revolution Bicentennial Administration. The success of the 1976 event led Adventure Cycling to map several additional bicycle routes across

228-762: A more active interest in Tierra del Fuego. In 1881, the meridian 68°36'38 W was defined as the boundary between the Chilean and the Argentine portions of the island. In 1884 the Government of Tierra del Fuego was created, and a subprefecture was established at Ushuaia. The southern part of the Beagle Channel was an issue of conflict between both states, which competed for control of three small islands, Picton, Lennox and Nueva . Finally in 1977, these were awarded to Chile by decision of

266-625: A number of short rivers (the Grande , Moneta , Ona , Lasifashaj , etc.), and as a result of the low temperature there are many small glaciers that flow to the sea. Due to its latitude, the island has a cold oceanic climate . The influences from the surrounding ocean and the predominant winds from the west result in the climate being uniform throughout the province. Mean annual temperatures are low, with winter temperatures averaging close to 0 °C (32 °F) and summer temperatures averaging around 10 °C (50 °F). The strong westerly winds from

304-533: Is abundant throughout the island. Much of this island can be classified as within the Magellanic subpolar forests ecoregion. According to the 2022 Argentine national census, the Province of Tierra del Fuego has 190,641 inhabitants. Per Argentine census data, the province's population has grown substantially in recent decades, with an average annual growth rate of 3.3% between 2010 and 2022. The provincial government

342-450: Is carried out by the Tierra del Fuego Provincial Police . The province is divided into five departments (Spanish: departamentos ), only the first three of which are under the effective control of Argentina: Tierra del Fuego has since the 1970s benefited from government subsidies to local industry and from its natural wealth. Its estimated 2006 output of US$ 2.6 billion gave the province

380-522: Is divided into three branches: the executive, headed by a popularly elected governor, who appoints the cabinet; the legislative ; and the judiciary , headed by the Supreme Court. The Constitution of Tierra del Fuego Province, Argentina forms the formal law of the province. In Argentina, the most important law enforcement organization is the Argentine Federal Police but the additional work

418-618: Is higher than five other provinces, due to various waves of immigration. Gold fever started in Tierra del Fuego around 1883. Many Croatians from the Dalmatian coast arrived in search of gold. In addition, the gold rush inspired new technologies and innovations, such as the telegraph . Although by 1910 the gold had run out, most of the pioneers stayed. The inauspicious-looking northern plains proved ideal sheep-farming country, and vast ranches were developed. Croatian, Scottish , Basque , Italian , Galician and Chilean immigrants arrived to work on

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456-488: Is the leading source of the province's modest agricultural income (5% of output). It provides wool, mutton and hides throughout the province and the wider Argentine market, whose taste for these products has been growing strongly. As in Patagonia to the north, petroleum and natural gas extraction are important to Tierra del Fuego's economy, generating over 20% of total output. Exploration efforts continue. The government of

494-470: The Pacific Ocean decrease the perception of the temperature ( wind chill ). In the extreme south in the Beagle Channel which is surrounded by hills rising above 100 m (330 ft), winds can exceed 100 km/h (62 mph). The island averages around 700 mm (28 in) of precipitation per year which is fairly evenly distributed throughout the year with a slight maximum in autumn. Snowfall

532-540: The Province of Tierra del Fuego, Antarctica and South Atlantic Islands ( Spanish : Provincia de Tierra del Fuego, Antártida e Islas del Atlántico Sur ), is the southernmost, smallest (without disputed territories ), and least populous Argentine province . The provincial capital city is Ushuaia , from a native word meaning "bay towards the end". The territory of the current province had been inhabited by indigenous people for more than 12,000 years, since they migrated south of

570-606: The Western Hemisphere . Bikecentennial's route, called the TransAmerica Bicycle Trail, was developed by Lys Burden with the help of Bikecentennial staff and volunteers. The route was chosen to satisfy several requirements, such as a road surface suitable for bicycles, minimal traffic, varied terrain, historic and interesting landmarks, and access to basic services like campgrounds and grocery stores. The Bikecentennial TransAmerica Trail should not be confused with

608-462: The estancias , with the hope of eventually buying their own land and stock. The Amerindians suffered high fatalities from diseases (including measles and smallpox ) and the outright warfare waged by ranchers and bounty hunters; by 1916 their population on the island had dropped to only 900. In addition, in the late 19th century, ranchers and settlers committed genocide against the Selk'nam. News of

646-671: The "National Territory of Tierra del Fuego, the Antarctic and the South Atlantic Islands" was declared a province, with its first governor appointed two years later. There are low mountains and sandy beaches at the north of the island, ascending to the south. The north is somewhat similar to the steppe of Santa Cruz Province . In the middle of the island, the end of the Andes mountain system becomes flattened, and its highest peak, Mount Cornú, rises only 1,490 m (4,890 ft). There are

684-467: The Falkland Islands has issued exploration licenses within its waters. This competition has caused anger in Argentina. The activity has also intruded into some of the area's lucrative crab and shrimp fishing industry. Tourism is gaining importance on Tierra del Fuego island. The region offers mountains, glaciers, forests, fast rivers, waterfalls, ski centres (the most important is Cerro Castor ), and

722-649: The Rocky Mountains are generally long but not terribly steep. The descents from these passes are, of course, a blast. Most of Kansas is beautifully flat. Missouri through the Ozarks and eastern Kentucky through the Appalachians offers short, steep climbs. You might even have to walk up some hills. The Virginia portion of the route, surprisingly, has more total elevation gain than any other state. The route takes riders on mostly rural, two-lane highways to avoid traffic and big cities. The TransAmerica Bicycle Trail takes riders through

760-725: The United States and Canada. The Adventure Cycling Route Network now consists of over 52,000 miles and is the largest bicycle route network in North America. Since 2014, the annual Trans Am Bike Race has used basically the same route as that used for the Bikecentennial. Tierra del Fuego Province, Argentina 54°21′43″S 67°38′17″W  /  54.362°S 67.638°W  / -54.362; -67.638 Tierra del Fuego ( Spanish for " Land of Fire "; Spanish pronunciation: [ˈtjera ðel ˈfweɣo] ), officially

798-561: The area. Tierra del Fuego is the most recent Argentine territory to gain provincial status, which occurred in 1990. The effective extent of the province is the eastern part of the island of Tierra del Fuego , Isla de los Estados and adjacent islands. The province nominally includes Argentina's claims to the Falkland Islands and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (which are British Overseas Territories ) and to

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836-781: The atrocities and genocide reached the Federal Congress in Buenos Aires . It sent aid and tried to help the Salesian mission, the only institution working in the island to protect the indigenous peoples. With the creation of the Gobernación Marítima de Tierra del Fuego in 1943, construction of naval bases began in Ushuaia and Río Grande . An airport and other infrastructure were also built. These projects attracted immigrants from other countries as well as other parts of Argentina. In 1990

874-405: The entire length of the trail. Most of the participants rode in prearranged groups of 10 to 12 with a group leader, while about a quarter rode solo. The riders were essentially self-contained; they carried camping gear, food, and other necessities in panniers on their bicycles. Bikecentennial had been a 501(c)(3) nonprofit since 1974, and after the 1976 event the organization lived on to serve

912-433: The experience of a lifetime and for the most part they did, learning about America and about themselves in a profound way. Since 2014, the annual Trans Am Bike Race is held on the route. The route can generally be ridden between May and September and requires about two and a half months, depending on the rider’s average daily mileage. The current route length is 4,228 miles (6804.3 km). The TransAmerica Bicycle Trail

950-503: The following states: Bikecentennial Bikecentennial '76 was an event consisting of a series of bicycle tours on the TransAmerica Bicycle Trail across the United States in the summer of 1976 in commemoration of the bicentennial of America's Declaration of Independence . The route crossed ten states, 22 national forests, two national parks, and 112 counties between Astoria, Oregon , and Yorktown, Virginia ,

988-554: The island and other parts of Patagonia via HMS  Beagle . This included the Falkland Islands , claimed by the British since 1690, though controlled by Argentina since its establishment of a penal colony at Puerto Luis in 1828. In 1833 the British re-established their rule on the Falklands via the deployment of naval task force. The Argentinian representative of the islands, José María Pinedo , and Argentinian forces subsequently left

1026-449: The islands. Luis Piedrabuena installed a base in San Juan de Salvamento on Isla de los Estados . The British South American Mission Society Patagonia Mission , under its superintendent Waite Stirling , founded Ushuaia as an Anglican mission in southern Tierra del Fuego in 1869. Shortly after, Salesian missionaries founded Río Grande . In the 1880s the Argentine government took

1064-548: The mainland. It was first encountered by a European in 1520 when spotted by Ferdinand Magellan . Even after Argentina achieved independence, this territory remained under indigenous control until the nation's campaign known as the Conquest of the Desert in the 1870s, after which Argentina organised this section in 1885 as a territory. European immigration followed due to a gold rush and rapid expansion of sheep farming on large ranches in

1102-473: The mediating British Crown , revised by Pope John Paul II and ratified by treaty in 1985. When the crews of sailing-ships told of the notoriously dangerous voyage round the tip of South America, Tierra del Fuego became a byword in Europe for an inhospitable land, where life would be impossibly harsh for settlers. But, it is not the most sparsely populated province of Argentina . Its population density of 4.75/ km

1140-609: The name Bikecentennial a few months later as Hemistour progressed through Mexico . Siple had founded an annual bicycle tour called the Tour of the Scioto River Valley (TOSRV) in Ohio with his father in 1962. During a break from Hemistour, Dan Burden became severely ill and had to drop out. He and his wife, Lys, focused on building the Bikecentennial event while the Siples continued their tour of

1178-457: The needs of traveling cyclists, developing more routes and making maps. Bikecentennial changed its name in 1993 to Adventure Cycling Association . A 1976 bicycle tour across the United States was conceived by Greg Siple in 1973 while he, his wife June, and Dan and Lys Burden were riding an 18,000-mile bicycle tour, called Hemistour , from Anchorage, Alaska , to Tierra del Fuego, Argentina , to promote bicycling and hosteling . June Siple coined

TransAmerica Bicycle Trail - Misplaced Pages Continue

1216-418: The route during Bikecentennial, with 2,000 riding the entirety of the TransAmerica Bicycle Trail. Most of the riders were in their 20s and had no experience with long-distance cycling. They traveled in groups of 10 to 12 with leaders trained by Bikecentennial. There were few helmets to be seen and the bikes were often discount-store quality. But the equipment scarcely mattered. This group of people set out to have

1254-723: The sea, all within short distances. The most visited destinations in Argentine Tierra del Fuego include Ushuaia , the Tierra del Fuego National Park and the Tren del Fin del Mundo , Fagnano Lake , the Museum of the End of the World , the Beagle Channel , the Les Eclaireurs lighthouse, the old jail, and South Staten Island . The Antarctic Peninsula is a tourist destination. Tourists can see wildlife at

1292-807: The similarly named Trans America Trail (TAT), a mostly off-pavement, 5273-mile (8486-km) motorcycle route between the Outer Banks of North Carolina and Port Orford, Oregon , that has become popular with mountain bike riders. The route crosses the Continental Divide nine times in Colorado, Wyoming, and Montana. The TransAmerica Bicycle Trail was inaugurated on May 14, 1976. The TransAm groups, those riding coast to coast, set off from trailheads at either Astoria, OR, or Yorktown, VA, while other groups riding shorter tours set off from trailheads inland. The prearranged groups consisted of about 10 to 12 riders including

1330-431: The smoke emitted by fires produced by the local Fuegian peoples for heating. When the first Europeans arrived, they encountered a population of about 10,000 indigenous people belonging to four tribes: Yámana , Alakaluf (now known by their autonym of Kawésqar), Selk'nam (Ona) and Manek'enk (Haush). European attempts at settling the island began in 1555 by Juan de Alderete and later Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa . Neither

1368-493: The tax benefits legislated in 1972, mainly home appliance and electronics manufacturers. Recently, in the city of Río Grande , many international and Argentine companies, most notably the Korean company Samsung and the Argentine company Teltron , have set up factories that produce high-definition televisions ( HDTV ), CD-ROM -related articles, and low-cost GSM cell phones, built mainly from Argentine components. Sheep ranching

1406-672: Was originally mapped with the intention of riding eastbound, but many riders choose to ride westbound. The route goes through several national parks such as Yellowstone and Grand Teton ; small cities like Missoula, MT , and Carbondale, IL ; and historical sites, especially at the route’s end in Yorktown , VA, in the Historic Triangle . Some stretches of the western portion of the route follow large river valleys and can be generally flat, but expect some climbing almost every day between Astoria, Oregon, and Pueblo, Colorado. The passes throughout

1444-486: Was successful, however, due to the region's harsh weather and constant attacks by British pirates , who took Sarmiento de Gamboa prisoner. Between the 16th and 19th centuries Spanish , Dutch , British and French explorers visited Tierra del Fuego and the nearby seas. Gabriel de Castilla passed through before exploring the Antarctic islands . In the early 1830s, Commander Robert FitzRoy , and Charles Darwin explored

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