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87-518: [REDACTED] Jakarta-Bogor-Ciawi Toll Road [REDACTED] Jakarta Inner Ring Road [REDACTED] Jakarta Outer Ring Road 2 [REDACTED] Jakarta–Serpong Toll Road [REDACTED] Depok–Antasari Toll Road [REDACTED] Purwakarta-Bandung-Cileunyi Toll Road [REDACTED] Cileunyi-Sumedang-Dawuan Toll Road [REDACTED] Semarang–Demak Toll Road [REDACTED] Krian-Legundi-Bunder-Manyar Toll Road [REDACTED] Surabaya–Gresik Toll Road The Trans-Java Toll Road

174-530: A generator of urban economic growth. After the departure of Herman Willem Daendels , Napoleonic governor of Java, the Dutch reorganized Java into Residencies , and Semarang became the seat of the new Semarang Residency in 1817. An important influence on urban growth was the Great Mail Road project in the 1847, which connected all the cities in the northern coast of Central and East Java and positioned Semarang as

261-435: A majority of the council to support its development. Changing tack, Tillema then worked to improve the existing kampongs in the city's malarial districts by improving drainage and providing more sanitary public toilets and public housing. A decade later, the town approved Thomas Karsten 's revised plan for the area, using it to build larger villas for the Dutch and wealthy Chinese and Javanese rather than allowing its use by

348-636: A new road on the Porong-Gempol section to replace the one washed out by the Lapindo floods . After years of construction, this toll road network was finally completed and unveiled by President Joko Widodo on 20 December 2018, with the unveiling taking place on two locations, in Mojokerto and the Kalikuto Bridge, Batang (which became the icon for the new highway). Officially connecting Merak and Surabaya . While

435-418: A new tollroad gate (Cibatu Gate) at km 34.700 with a 1.5 kilometer access road to their industrial complexes. The tollroad gate was officially opened on April 5, 2014. There are also Jakarta–Cikampek Toll Road II Elevated from interchange Cikunir to West Karawang (Sta 9+500 till Sta 47+500) without any exit in between, because this toll road is planned for long trip drivers. PT Jasamarga Jalanlayang Cikampek has

522-432: A pious Muslim area called Kauman , a Chinese quarter, and a Dutch fortress. The fortress has a pentagonal form with only one gate in the south and five monitoring towers to protect the Dutch settlement from rebellion actions, segregating the spaces between Dutch settlement and other areas. In fact, the city of Semarang was only referred to the Dutch quarter while the other ethnic settlement were considered as villages outside

609-508: A population of 1,555,984 at the 2010 census and 1,653,524 at the 2020 census, making it Indonesia's ninth most populous city after Jakarta , Surabaya , Bekasi , Bandung , Medan , Depok , Tangerang and Palembang ; the official population estimate as at mid-2023 was 1,694,740, comprising 838,440 males and 856,310 females. The built-up urban area had 3,183,516 inhabitants at the 2010 census spread over two cities and 26 districts. The Semarang metropolitan area (a.k.a. Kedungsepur ) has

696-700: A population of over 6 million in 2020 ( see Greater Semarang section ). The population of the city is predominantly Javanese with significant Chinese presence. [REDACTED] Demak Sultanate (1547–1554) [REDACTED] Kingdom of Pajang (1568–1587) [REDACTED]   Mataram Sultanate (1587–1705) [REDACTED]   Dutch East India Company (1705–1799) [REDACTED]   Dutch East Indies (1800–1942) [REDACTED]   Empire of Japan (1942–1945) [REDACTED]   Dutch East Indies (1945–1949) [REDACTED] United States of Indonesia (1949–1950) [REDACTED]   Indonesia (1950–present) The history of Semarang goes back to

783-464: A series of northern Java mountain ranges that stretch from Banten to East Java. The hilly area in the city of Semarang is known as the upper city (Semarang Dhuwur). This hilly region is also the upstream area of the big rivers that flow in the city of Semarang. The upper city area is also near Mount Ungaran . Semarang features a tropical monsoon climate ( Köppen : Am ). The city features distinctly wetter and drier months, with June through August being

870-428: A subsidiary of PT Waskita Karya Tbk (IDX:WSKT), bought all shares of the toll road. Construction on Sections I and II of the toll road began on July 23, 2014. On June 16, 2016, Section I & II of Pejagan-Pemalang Toll Road has been formally opened/operated. On November 9, 2018, Section III & IV of Pejagan-Pemalang Toll Road has been formally opened/operated. The toll road consists of 4 sections: Construction of

957-827: A vital financial contribution to Indonesia due to the growing trade and industry and services. As a consequence, people's purchasing power increased, capital inflows, consumer confidence, and doing business indexes were relatively conducive to the development of several CBDs such as Simpang Lima City Center (SLCC) , Pemuda Central Business District (PCBD) , and Gajahmada Golden Triangle (GGT) . Major Indonesian and international financial and banking sectors alikes such as Bank Mandiri , BCA , BNI , BRI , Panin Bank , HSBC , Bank Permata , Standard Chartered , RaboBank , Citibank, DBS , UOB, OCBC NISP , KEB Hana Bank , CIMB Niaga , and Maybank have regional offices in Semarang. The western part of

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1044-521: A weight of 5 tonnes and above are not allowed to use the Cawang -Semanggi-Pluit segments from 05:00am to 10:00pm. Jakarta Outer Ring Road 2 Toll Road from Cengkareng to (access to) Tanjung Priok is 110.4 kilometers length, but until end of 2019 only 11,135 kilometers (Kunciran – Serpong) has been operated. The Jakarta–Cikampek Toll Road is operated by Jasa Marga. The west part of the toll road, near Jakarta, consists of 4 lanes in one direction and 3 lanes in

1131-475: Is Islam with a significant Christian minority. Religion in Semarang 2023 Semarang has a large Chinese community. As in other regions of Java, especially in Central Java, they have mingled closely with the local population and use Javanese in communication for hundreds of years. About 3.5% of the city's population is ethnic Chinese, many residing in a Chinatown in the vicinity of Gang Pinggir. The Chinatown

1218-409: Is 11.3 kilometres (7.0 mi), was officially opened for commercial operation on November 12, 2011. Section II ( Ungaran –Bawen), is 11.95 kilometres (7.43 mi) and was opened on April 4, 2014. Section III (Bawen- Salatiga ) with 17.6 kilometres (10.9 mi), was opened on September 15, 2017, temporary for small vehicles only, and formally opened on September 25, 2017. Section IV Salatiga-Boyolali

1305-450: Is 2.35 kilometres (1.46 mi); and section 4 from Ciledug to Ulujami is 2.07 kilometres (1.29 mi). The concession for JORR-W2 is held by PT Marga Lingkar Jaya (MLJ) which is a joint-venture company. PT Marga Lingkar Jakarta owns 50% of PT MLJ and Jakarta Marga Jaya owns 35%. Sections 1, 2, and 3 of the JORR-W2, from Kebun Jeruk to Ciledug, were opened on December 27, 2013, while Section 4

1392-543: Is 24.50 kilometers and Section V Boyolali-Solo is 7.74 kilometers. Land acquisition of both sections are 98.8 percent when section III was formally operated. Solo–Kertosono Toll Road (Soker) connects to Semarang-Solo Toll Road at its west end, and to Kertosono–Mojokerto Toll Road at its east end. Soker Toll Road, with a total length of 176.7 kilometres (109.8 mi), is actually composed of two toll roads, Solo–Mantingan–Ngawi (Solman) Toll Road and Ngawi–Kertosono (Manker) Toll Road. The length of Solo–Mantingan–Ngawi Toll Road

1479-473: Is 90.1 kilometres (56.0 mi), while the length of Ngawi–Kertosono is 86.6 kilometres (53.8 mi). Soker Toll Road is divided into 4 sections, Solman I and Solman II in Central Java, and Manker I and Manker II in East Java Province. In July 2012, the land acquisition of the each section was about at 65%. Although the land acquisition is unfinished, construction of section 1 has begun. The sections of

1566-511: Is a tolled expressway network that runs from Port of Merak in Cilegon , the main link between the island of Sumatra and Java , to Banyuwangi , the eastern end of the island in Indonesia and the main link between the island of Java and Bali. It mainly runs through the northern coast of the island, except for the section between Semarang and Surabaya, where it runs through the centre and south of

1653-468: Is a city that has a unique topographic condition in the form of a narrow lowland area and hilly areas extending from the west side to the east side of Semarang City. The city is located about 558 km (347 miles) east of Jakarta and 312 km (194 miles) west of Surabaya. Lowland areas in Semarang City are very narrow. The lowland area in western Semarang only has a width of 4 km (2.5 miles) from

1740-494: Is called "Kampong Pecinan Semawis" and expresses many aspects of traditional Chinese culture including foods, rituals, and houses of worship. Ethnic Groups in Semarang As the capital city of Central Java, and fifth largest city of Indonesia, the economy of Semarang is quite large. Semarang has transformed and changed dynamically towards a better direction. In a period of less than 10 years, Semarang Metropolitan continues to build

1827-532: Is connected to Solo by Semarang–Solo Toll Road . Semarang's largest bus terminals are Mangkang and Terboyo. The primary means of public transportation is by minibus, called " bis ". Ojek ( motorcycle taxis ), Angkot ( share-taxi ) micro-buses, taxi-cabs plays vital role in public transportation of the city. Go-Jek and Grab have online taxi and Ojek services. Semarang is served by bus rapid transit called Trans Semarang , which operates in six routes. Perum DAMRI also serves in six designated routes in

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1914-540: Is constructing Semarang River at Banjir Kanal Barat (Garang River) near Karangayu Bridge. In the middle of July 2011, gardens in river banks and some traditional boats are available to use. The project will be finished in 2013 with river gardens, trotoars, garden lighting, water activities, art sites, sport sites and balconies and stairs for sightseeing. In August 2011, a 421 m (1,380 ft) tunnel dodger at Kreo river has been finished and Jatibarang Dam construction can begin, with completion targeted for July 2013. The dam

2001-623: Is formally opened. Section 4, which is only 0.9 kilometres (0.56 mi) will be opened together with Ngawi-Kertosono Toll Road. The length of the Mojokerto-Surabaya Toll Road is 36.27 kilometres (22.54 mi), and is also known as Sumo (Surabaya–Mojokerto) Toll Road. It connects with the Surabaya–Gempol Toll Road and the Waru-Juanda Toll Road. All sections of the toll road is already operated: The length of

2088-419: Is known as the lower town (Semarang Ngisor), as well as the center of the city's economic activity. Under these conditions, the lower city area is often hit by annual flooding and its peak during the rainy season. In a number of regions, especially North Semarang, floods are sometimes also caused by overflowing sea tides (tidal floods). The hilly area in Semarang stretches on the south side. These hills are part of

2175-430: Is located on the northern coast of Java. The city of Semarang is one of the most important cities located on the north coast of Java and is the main hub connecting Jakarta and Surabaya , and cities in the southern interior of Java Surakarta and Yogyakarta . Semarang City has a height ranging from 2 m (6.6 ft) below sea level up to 340 m (1,120 ft) above sea level with a slope of 0%–45%. Semarang City

2262-728: Is mainly due to the main Pantura road getting increasingly congested, especially during the Eid and Christmas seasons. Several sections of the toll road were completed in December 2018, fully connecting the sections between Port of Merak and Surabaya . Meanwhile, the section connecting Surabaya and Probolinggo was completed a year later. As of 2023, The section between Probolinggo and Banyuwangi had its ground breaking with targeted completion date of 2025. There are also many other complementary toll networks connecting this toll road. Trans-Java toll road

2349-421: Is operated by PT Nusantara Infrastructure Tbk (IDX:META) while the rest is operated by PT Jasa Marga. The W2 section (JORR-W2), between Kebon Jeruk and Ulujami, is almost 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) long and has 4 sections: section 1 from Kebun Jeruk ( Kembangan ) to South Meruya is 1.95 kilometres (1.21 mi); section 2 from South Meruya to Joglo is 1.5 kilometres (0.93 mi); section 3 from Joglo to Ciledug

2436-517: Is part of Asian Highway 2 , which extends from Denpasar , Indonesia to Khosravi , Iran . During the Dutch colonial era , the colonial government ordered Governor-General Herman Willem Daendels to build a road connecting the two major ports of Anyer , part of modern-day Banten and Panarukan in modern-day Situbondo . Following the Indonesian independence. The road becomes the main route connecting

2523-468: Is planned to release 230 m /s (8,100 cu ft/s) of flood water and will generate 1.5 MW of electricity, provide a drinking water resource and a boost to tourism. The largest ethnic group in Semarang is the Javanese , followed by minorities of Chinese, Arabs , Indian , and others (including local ethnicities such as Sundanese , Batak , Madura , Malay , Balinese etc.). The dominant religion

2610-532: Is the capital and largest city of Central Java province in Indonesia . It was a major port during the Dutch colonial era , and is still an important regional center and port today. The city has been named as the cleanest tourist destination in Southeast Asia by the ASEAN Clean Tourist City Standard (ACTCS) for 2020–2022. It has an area of 373.78 km (144.32 sq mi) and had

2697-571: Is the fastest link between Jakarta and cities in eastern West Java, Central Java, and East Java. The Tangerang-Merak section is next to be completed, also spanning 72 km, this section was opened in 1992, fully connecting the Port of Merak with Jakarta, although links further east and south is not yet available through toll roads. Following the completion of the Tangerang-Merak section, construction along this network stagnated. In 1995, Soeharto proposed

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2784-549: Is the first toll road in Indonesia. Construction of the highway began in 1973, and it was officially opened on 9 March 1978. The Jagorawi Toll Road links the capital city of Jakarta to the West Javanese cities of Bogor and Ciawi . It has a length of around 59 kilometres (37 mi) going north and southbound and is operated by Jasa Marga , a state-owned enterprise . The toll road has achieved break-even point , making it

2871-468: Is the former longest toll road in Indonesia, at 116 kilometres (72 mi). It runs through Cikopo, Kalijati , Subang, Cikedung, Kertajati, Sumberjaya and Palimanan. Total investment in the toll road reached Rp 12.8 trillion (US$ 1 billion) and the main investor is PT Lintas Marga Sedaya, a subsidiary of PT Surya Semesta Internusa Tbk (IDX:SSIA). Construction started on December 8, 2011, after eight national and international banks committed to provide funds for

2958-596: The British and Dutch military completely. Semarang city administration is headed by mayor, with a legislative assembly. Both mayor and the 50 members of legislative assembly are elected by direct vote. The government of Semarang City had implemented the smart city concept since 2013. Juridically, Semarang City is a municipality (second level area) consisting of 16 districts ( kecamatan ), which are again divided into 177 urban villages ( kelurahan ). The districts are tabulated below with their areas and their populations at

3045-612: The Dutch East India Company (VOC) as a part of a debt payment. In 1682, the Semarang state was founded by the Dutch colonial power. On 5 October 1705 after years of occupations, Semarang officially became a VOC city when Susuhunan Pakubuwono I made a deal to give extensive trade rights to the VOC in exchange of wiping out Mataram 's debt. The VOC, and later, the Dutch East Indies government, established tobacco plantations in

3132-491: The Kertosono–Mojokerto Toll Road is 40.5 kilometres (25.2 mi), divided into 4 sections: The concession is held by PT Marga Harjaya Infrastructure (MHI), whose majority owner (95%) is Astratel Nusantara (a subsidiary of Astra International). Maria Harjaya Infrastructure is funding the entire project without bank loans. The toll road was free for a month of trial operation, and on November 20, 2014, Section 1

3219-511: The Palimanan-Kanci section (bypassing Cirebon ). Following Reformasi , constructions of toll roads continue to stagnate, remarkably, no toll road in this corridor is completed during the first few years of Reformasi. During the presidency of Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono formed Badan Pengurus Jalan Tol (lit. Highway Operator Board). Following the formation of this board, highway construction, especially in this corridor continued, starting with

3306-526: The Pemalang-Batang Toll Road has reached 97% in June 2017. The concession was given to PT Pemalang Batang Toll Road for 39 kilometres (24 mi) for an investment of about Rp 4.0 trillion. On November 9, 2018, Section I of the toll road has been formally opened and operated. The length of Batang-Semarang Toll Road is 75 kilometres (47 mi) with a cost of Rp 7.21 trillion ($ 0.8 billion). Initially

3393-723: The Surabaya-Gempol Toll Road is 49 kilometres (30 mi), and the concession is owned by PT Jasa Marga. The road is open through Porong , but beyond that a 2-kilometer section of the old Porong Toll Road was damaged by the Lapindo Mudflow on May 29, 2006. To avoid this problem in the future, there is a plan for a new, 10 kilometres (6.2 mi), Porong-Gempol Toll Road. Jagorawi Toll Road 06°15′11″S 106°52′22″E  /  6.25306°S 106.87278°E  / -6.25306; 106.87278 The Jakarta–Bogor–Ciawi Toll Road (shortened to Jagorawi Toll Road )

3480-468: The Tangerang–Merak Toll Road is 72.45 kilometres (45.02 mi). Although this road has been operating since 1981, it continues to lose money because the traffic is lower than expected. From 2005 to 2009, Astratel Nusantara (a subsidiary of Astra International ) acquired the concession to build and manage this section of the toll road. In January 2012, a 1 metre (3.3 ft) flood submerged

3567-1238: The 2010 census and 2020 census, together with the official estimates as at mid 2023. The table also includes the number and names of the urban administrative villages in each district. ( Javanese : ꦩꦶꦗꦺꦤ꧀ , romanized:  Mijèn ) ( Javanese : ꦒꦸꦤꦸꦁ​ꦥꦛꦶ , romanized:  Gunungpathi ) ( Javanese : ꦧꦚꦸꦩꦤꦶꦏ꧀ , romanized:  Banyumanik ) ( Javanese : ꦒꦗꦃꦩꦸꦁ​ꦏꦸꦂ , romanized:  Gajah Mungkur ) ( Javanese : ꦱꦼꦩꦫꦁ​​ꦏꦶꦢꦸꦭ꧀ , romanized:  Sěmarang Kidul ( Javanese : ꦕꦤ꧀ꦝꦶꦱꦫꦶ , romanized:  Candhisari ) ( Javanese : ꦠꦼꦩ꧀ꦧꦭꦁ , romanized:  Tĕmbalang ) ( Javanese : ꦥꦼꦢꦸꦫꦸꦔꦤ꧀ , romanized:  Pědurungan ) ( Javanese : ꦒꦼꦤꦸꦏ꧀ , romanized:  Genuk ) ( Javanese : ꦒꦪꦩ꧀ꦱꦫꦶ , romanized:  Gayamsari ) ( Javanese : ꦱꦼꦩꦫꦁ​​ꦮꦺꦠꦤ꧀ , romanized:  Sěmarang Wétan ) ( Javanese : ꦱꦼꦩꦫꦁ​​ꦭꦺꦴꦂ , romanized:  Sěmarang Lor ) ( Javanese : ꦱꦼꦩꦫꦁ​​ꦩꦢꦾ , romanized:  Sěmarang Madyå ) ( Javanese : ꦱꦼꦩꦫꦁ​​ꦏꦸꦭꦺꦴꦤ꧀ , romanized:  Sěmarang Kulon ) ( Javanese : ꦠꦸꦒꦸ , romanized:  Tugu ) ( Javanese : ꦔꦭꦶꦪꦤ꧀ , romanized:  Ngaliyan ) Semarang

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3654-487: The 9th century, when it was known as Bergota. At the end of the 15th century, appointed by the demak sultanate an islamic scholar named Ki Ageng Pandan Arang  [ id ] founded a village and an Islamic school in this fishing village. On 2 May 1547, Sultan Hadiwijaya of Pajang declared Pandan Arang as the first bupati (mayor) of Semarang, thus creating Semarang administratively and politically. In 1678, Sunan Amangkurat II promised to give control of Semarang to

3741-553: The KM 8+200 mark. 7 people were killed in the accident and 8 people were severely injured due to the crash. It was revealed that Dul lost control of his car and hit the metal separator while traveling home from Bogor to Jakarta, crashing into two oncoming vehicles. For the first time in January 2014, Jagorawi Toll Road was flooded from Cipinang River at KM 4. The toll road was still operational in both directions, with vehicles driving slowly through

3828-467: The Labor Department suggested that the portion of the road between Jakarta and Bogor be changed to a toll road. Private investors, with government financing, established the semi-private corporation Jasa Marga to manage the highway on 1 March 1978. The road was officially inaugurated in a ceremony on March 9, 1978 hosted by President Suharto . In 2017, PT Jasa Marga issued securities backed by

3915-469: The Soker toll road are: On March 29, 2018, a 52 kilometers toll road of Klitik-Wilangan has been inaugurated as a part of 87.5 kilometers of Ngawi-Kertosono Toll Road. On July 15, 2018, a 35.2 kilometers toll road of Kartosuro-Sragen has been inaugurated as a part of 176.7 kilometers of Solo-Kertosono Toll Road. On November 28, 2018, a 51.0 kilometers toll road of Sragen-Ngawi has been inaugurated. The length of

4002-567: The West Java coast. Following the opening of the Cikampek-Palimanan section, Widodo instructed involved parties, particularly the Ministry of Public Works to accelerate the completion of the remaining sections in both Central Java and East Java. The remaining sections then simultaneously started construction in 2016, along with the finishing of partially completed sections and the construction of

4089-473: The acceleration of constructions of several toll roads, including several along this network. But this instruction is quickly hampered by the 1997 Asian financial crisis , leading to a Presidential Instruction calling off a large number of constructions along the country. During this era, only two sections of the toll road is completed, namely parts of the Jakarta Outer Ring Road completed in 1995 and

4176-518: The accidents were caused by driver errors such as sleep-deprived driving , speeding , and using the emergency lane at high speed. The length of the Palimanan–Kanci Toll Road is 26.3 kilometres (16.3 mi). It is operated by Jasa Marga. The Kanci–Pejagan Toll Road was formally opened on January 26, 2010, and was operated originally by PT Bakrie Toll Road, a subsidiary of PT Bakrieland Development Tbk (IDX:ELTY), but in December, 2012,

4263-406: The area was used for rice cultivation and the only small improvement was the development of a surrounding fortress. Although less developed, Semarang is a fairly well organized city, in which urban activities were concentrated along the river and the settlement is linked to a market where different ethnic groups met to trade. The existence of the market, in the later years, become a primary element and

4350-483: The cheapest toll road in Indonesia based on price per kilometer. In 1973, the Indonesian government began building the first highway linking the capital Jakarta with the city of Bogor. When the road was still in its construction phase, it was not officially a toll road. When the highway was nearly finished, the government began considering ways to execute the operation and maintenance of the highway autonomously, without burdening governmental financing. For that purpose,

4437-544: The city boundary. The city, known as de Europeesche Buurt, was built in classical European style with church located in the centre, wide boulevards, streets and villas. According to Purwanto (2005), the urban and architectural form of this settlement is very similar to the design principles applied in many Dutch cities. Due to the long and costly Java War, there was not much funding from the Dutch East Indies government, and this affected Semarang's development. Most land in

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4524-419: The city had doubled in size and expanded to the south by the 1920s, creating a nucleus of a metropolis where multi-ethnic groups lived and traded in the city. The villages in the suburbs such as Jomblang and Jatingaleh steadily became the satellite towns of Semarang, more populated with a bigger market area. Before the invasion of Japan in 1942, Semarang had already become the capital of Central Java province, as

4611-547: The city has many industrial parks and factories. Like other metropolitan cities within Indonesia, due to a developing economy and increasing income, Semarang has many shopping malls. Semarang is on the Indonesian National Route 1 road, which connects it to Merak and Ketapang ( Banyuwangi ). Indonesian National Route 14 toward Bawen starts here. Semarang has a toll road, the Semarang Toll Road . The city

4698-677: The city in the 1870s. Hospitals, churches, hotels, and mansions were built along the new main roads of Mataram Street, Bojongscheweg, and Pontjolscheweg. The Javanese quarters of town known as kampongs grew increasingly densely populated, reaching as many as 1000 inhabitants per hectare and degrading living conditions. Mortality remained high into the early 20th century, with newcomers, overcrowding, and poor hygiene triggering cholera and tuberculous outbreaks. Dysentery , typhoid , and malaria were also rife. The city doctor Willem T. de Vogel advocated strenuously for reducing overcrowding and improving living conditions by extending Semarang into

4785-562: The city. Semarang was connected to Surakarta (Solo) by a rail line in 1870. At present there are two large train stations in Semarang: Semarang Poncol and Semarang Tawang . Semarang is connected to Bandung , Jakarta , and Surabaya by inter-city train services. Kedungsepur commuter rail connects Semarang Poncol Station eastward to Ngrombo Station in Grobogan Regency . Semarang's Ahmad Yani International Airport

4872-463: The coastline, while in the eastern Semarang, the low-lying area has a width of 11 km (6.8 miles) from the coastline. This lowland area is a flood plain from the large rivers that flow in Semarang City, such as Kali Garang (West Flood Canal), Pengkol River, and Bringin River. This low-lying area stretches on the northern side of Semarang and covers almost 40% of the total area of Semarang. This lowland area

4959-560: The completion of several sections of the Jakarta Outer Ring Road and the 33 km Kanci-Pejagan section creating the first highway link between West Java and Central Java, several sections along the Surabaya-Mojokerto section was also completed during this period. The government of Joko Widodo initiated the process to accelerate the construction of the remaining uncompleted sections of this network, starting with finishing

5046-699: The concession and it has formally opened for small vehicles only on December 15, 2019, buses and trucks are not allowed to use it, so at the entrance gates there are portal for it. Concession of the 62 kilometers Jakarta–Cikampek II South Toll Road has been got by PT Jasamarga Japek Selatan. The toll road connects Jakarta Outer Ring Road Toll and Purbaleunyi Toll Road at Jatiasih Gate and Sadang Gate. The other gates are Bantar Gebang, Setu, Sukaragam, Taman Mekar, and Kutanegara. There are 3 Sections: In July 2019, 60 percent of land acquisitions have been done and initial constructions have been done also. The Cikampek–Palimanan Toll Road (Cikopo-Palimanan (Cipali) Toll Road)

5133-407: The concession was owned by PT Bakrie Toll Road, but in December, 2012, the shares were sold to MNC Group. In April 2016, Jasamarga Semarang Batang which owned by Jasamarga 60 percent and Waskita Karya 40 percent got the concession for 45 years through government tender due to there are no progress of the toll road when it has been held by previous owners. The toll road consists of five sections: All

5220-471: The construction of the Cikampek-Palimanan section, started during Yudhoyono's presidency. This 116 km is regarded as the most important and long-awaited section along this network, as it finally connects Jakarta and Cirebon and onwards to Central and East Java, significantly cutting travel time between the regions, as it allows travellers to bypass one of the busiest sections between the region along

5307-463: The corridor in the 1980s, following the construction of Indonesia's first toll road, the Jakarta-Bogor-Ciawi (Jagorawi) Toll Road. Soeharto also created a state-owned enterprise PT. Jasa Marga to regulate and operate toll roads in Indonesia. During this era, the highway is completed in sections. The first section to be fully completed is the section between Tangerang and Jakarta, this section

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5394-437: The driest months. However, the average monthly rainfall does not fall below 60 mm (2.4 in), hence the tropical rainforest categorization. Semarang on average sees approximately 2,800 mm (110 in) of rain annually. Average temperatures in the city are relatively consistent, hovering around 28 °C (82 °F). Diurnal temperature variation slightly increases in the dry season. Like Singapore River, Semarang

5481-433: The flood. Consequently, the toll road suffered from severe gridlock. Ciawi–Sukabumi Toll Road is a planned 54-km extension of Jagorawi Toll Road, subdivided into 4 sections: Concession is held by PT Trans Jabar Toll, a subsidiary of state-owned developer Waskita Karya . Land acquisition by January 2013 was at 40 percent, and Trans Jabar predicted that the construction would begin by the end of 2013. However, construction

5568-430: The island. It runs through five of the six provinces on the island of Java ( DI Yogyakarta being the sole exception), connecting the major cities of Jakarta , Cirebon , Semarang , Solo , and Surabaya . The toll road is the land transportation backbone of the island and is the most important toll road network of the country. The toll road has a total length of 1,167 kilometres (725 mi). The Trans-Jawa toll network

5655-489: The lands affected by the toll road were acquired in February 2017 and the toll road is predicted to be opened for the 2017 Eid Al-Fitr. The toll road is expected to be fully operational by 2018. The Semarang–Solo Toll Road is 72.64 kilometres (45.14 mi). It is operated by PT Trans Marga Jateng, a joint-venture company owned by PT Sarana Pembangunan Jawa Tengah (40%) and PT Jasa Marga (IDX:JSMR) Tbk (60%). Section E1, which

5742-440: The less malarial hill country to its south; his fellow councilman Hendrik Tillema had campaigned on a platform of combatting malaria and joined De Vogel's scheme, broadening it into a "village improvement" ( Dutch : kampongverbetering ) movement. Purchasing land in the heights with their own money, the two men and some friends passed it on to the city with an initial zoning plan by KPC de Bazel in 1907 but could never convince

5829-633: The local population. After Indonesian independence in 1945, Semarang became the capital of Central Java on 18 August 1945, headed by Mr. Moch.Ichsan. It also became the site of a battle (Five days battle, Pertempuran lima hari ) between the new Indonesian military and Japanese soldiers in October 1945. Shortly after that, what had been the Indonesia-conducted Ambarawa , Magelang , and Ungaran offensives reached Semarang city on 15 December 1945, causing an 87-day battle that swept away

5916-524: The lower city and transportation slow or expensive, few of the lower classes were interested in moving to the district but it set a pattern that was followed with three more successful housing plans between 1916 and 1919. The population grew by 55%, adding 45,000 Javanese, 8500 Chinese, and 7000 Europeans. Karsten's approach to town planning emphasized its aesthetic, practical, and social requirements articulated in economic terms rather than purely racial ones. Driven by economic growth and spatial city planning,

6003-487: The major cities of Jakarta , Semarang , and Surabaya , albeit with several deviations, instead of going through the old Preanger cities of Bogor , Cianjur , Bandung , Sumedang , before rejoining the coast in Cirebon , the new road instead follows the northern Java coast and is more commonly known as Pantura ( Jalur Pantai Utara , literally meaning North Coast Road) Over the years, this highway gets increasingly congested,

6090-579: The other direction. This toll road is considered to be one of the most profitable in Java; it collected an average of 2 billion rupiahs (Rp) per day in tolls. The Jakarta-Cikampek Toll Road is heavily congested as it connects Jakarta and several of its satellite cities like Bekasi and Karawang . It also connects to the main routes to Bandung and the North Coast Road . PT Lippo Cikarang Tbk (IDX:LPCK) and PT Kawasan Industri Jababeka Tbk (IDX:KIJA) constructed

6177-408: The poor. This area became known as Candi Baru ( Dutch : Nieuw Tjandi ) and forms the core of the present-day Candisari District. Although it remained highly stratified by class, Candi Baru had less ethnic segregation than the older area of town and incorporated public squares, athletic facilities, and places for public bathing and washing that could be used communally. With most work remaining in

6264-487: The project. The toll road was formally opened on June 13, 2015. It allows drivers to travel from Cikampek to Cirebon in 1.5 hours instead of 3.5 hours, and is projected to ease traffic on the North Coast Road by 50%. On the first week when the road opened, 15 accidents occurred and 3 people were killed. By July 8, 2015 (three weeks after the toll road was opened), there were 56 accidents with 12 people killed. Most of

6351-448: The region and built roads and railroads, making Semarang an important colonial trading centre. The historic presence of a large Indo (Eurasian) community in the area of Semarang is also reflected by the fact a creole mix language called Javindo existed there. Semarang was handed by the Sultan of Mataram to the Dutch East Indies in 1678. The city was pictured as a small settlement with

6438-452: The result of trade and industrial success and spatial planning. The Japanese military occupied the city, along with the rest of Java, in 1942, during the Pacific War of World War II . During that time, Semarang was headed by a military governor called a Shiko, and two vice governors known as Fuku Shiko. One of the vice governors was appointed from Japan , and the other was "chosen" from

6525-469: The section connecting Surabaya and Probolinggo was completed and unveiled the next year. As of 2023, the only uncompleted portions of the Trans-Java Toll Road is the section between Probolinggo and Banyuwangi . The 170 km section, which would connect both Java coast, is currently under construction at a slow pace due to several problems, mainly arising from land ownership. The length of

6612-460: The shares were sold to PT Media Nusantara Citra (MNC) Group. At end of 2015, Waskita Karya has 99.99 percent shares of the toll road. The Pejagan–Pemalang Toll Road is 57.5 kilometres (35.7 mi) and was built with an investment of about Rp 5.5 trillion. The concession for the road was held by PT Bakrie Toll Road, which is owned by Aburizal Bakrie , but in December, 2012, the shares were sold to MNC Group. On July 16, 2014, PT Waskita Toll Road,

6699-503: The shares, and PT Jasa Marga (IDX:JSMR), which controls the remaining 45%. In 2010, PT CMNP received 93% of the company revenue from this toll road. Jakarta Outer Ring Road (JORR) is connected with the Jakarta–Tangerang Toll Road at Kebon Jeruk and with Jakarta-Cikampek Toll Road at Cikunir . JORR is a 7-section toll road spanning 65 kilometres (40 mi). The W1 section (JORR-W1) between Penjaringan and Kebon Jeruk

6786-441: The toll revenues from Jagorawi. The Jagorawi Toll Road is four lanes wide (in each direction) from Taman Mini to Citeureup, and three lanes wide from Citeureup to Bogor. The toll road has a Pertamina gas station which is combined with restaurants, rest areas, and outlet stores. On 8 September 2013, the toll road has been a major point for an accident involving Ahmad Dhani and Maia Estianty's youngest son Dul, primarily on

6873-541: The toll road at kilometer 58–59, making the road inaccessible to trucks, so the road was rerouted. This caused a traffic jam of up to 35 kilometres (22 mi). Around 2,000 flood refugees occupied the shoulder of the toll road at that time. The length of the Jakarta–Tangerang Toll Road is 33 kilometres (21 mi), and it is operated by Jasa Marga. By January 2011, the number of vehicles using this highway reached more than 250,000 per day. To ease congestion,

6960-534: The toll road was expanded to 3 lanes in each direction. Jakarta Inner Ring Road is connected directly with the Jakarta–Cikampek Toll Road at Cawang /Halim. At Tomang , a non-toll road connects the Inner Ring Road with Jakarta–Tangerang Toll Road. The length of the Inner Ring Road is 50.6 kilometres (31.4 mi). It is operated by Citra Marga Nusaphala Persada ( IDX :CMNP), which controls 55% of

7047-551: The trade centre of agricultural production. The project was soon followed by the development of the Staatsspoorwegen Railway and the connecting roads into the inner city of Semarang at the end of the 19th century. Colombijn (2002) marked the development as the shift of urban functions, from the former river orientation to all services facing the roads. The Dutch East Indies ' mail and railway projects improved communication and transportation, bringing an economic boom to

7134-412: The volume of cars using it increases each year, especially during Eid or Christmas seasons. The congestion is also caused by the fact that the highway is open-access, meaning that everyone, including pedestrians could use this road, not just intercity traffic. Frequent roadworks along the routes also hampers traffic. In order to combat congestion, President Soeharto started commissioning toll roads along

7221-500: Was completed in 1984. Two years later, the section between Surabaya and Gempol (near Pasuruan . Semarang Outer Ring Road was the next section to be fully opened (after having sections of it partially opened starting from 1983), opened in 1988. The next major section to be fully operational is the Jakarta-Cikampek section, spanning 72 km, this highway would become one of the most important and most used highway in Indonesia, as it

7308-407: Was delayed due to problems with land acquisition. President Joko Widodo renewed the government's efforts to complete land acquisition in 2016. The Ciawi–Cigombong section was opened in December 2018. Construction on the second section, Cigombong–Cibadak, was 76.50% complete by February 2021; the projected completion date is August 2021. Semarang Semarang ( Javanese : ꦏꦸꦛꦯꦼꦩꦫꦁ )

7395-443: Was first conceived in whole in 1995, by President Soeharto as a means to connect both ends of the island to help with distribution and general traffic between the major cities that it runs through. But, the 1997 Asian financial crisis which affected the country, halted any developments. The project was later revived by President Joko Widodo , with the construction of the remaining sections starting between 2014 and 2016. This revival

7482-453: Was opened formally with a toll rate of Rp 10,000 for small vehicles. From the opening until the end of December 2014, only about 800 vehicles per day used Section 1, rather than the 11,000 vehicles per day that was predicted. MHI officials suggested that the toll road has not been used because it is too short and that the numbers will increase when the other sections open. Section 3 has been opened in December 2016, on September 10, 2017, Section 2

7569-575: Was opened on July 21, 2014. With the completion of the W2 section, 53.24 kilometers of toll road between Rorotan and Penjaringan were fully connected. The toll road can hold about 100,000 vehicles per day and is expected to ease about 30% of the congestion on the Jakarta Inner Ring Toll Road. The section between Koja and Tanjung Priok Port consists of 5 sub-sections and is predicted to be completed by mid-2015: To reduce traffic jams, trucks with

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