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53-486: Torrijos can mean: People [ edit ] General José María de Torrijos y Uriarte (1791–1831), 19th-century Spanish Liberal politician Omar Torrijos (1929–1981) was a Panamanian army officer, de facto leader of Panama from 1968 to 1981, and co-negotiator of the Torrijos–Carter Treaties Martín Torrijos (born 1963), was the president of

106-642: A counter-revolutionary uprising in the town of Bédoin in southeastern France. Suchet was then sent to the Army of Italy , where he would serve for most of the next seven years. He fought at the Battle of Loano in November 1795 during the army's first campaign . During the 1796 Italian campaign, he served with distinction at the battles of Lodi , Castiglione , and Bassano . He went to Paris on leave after being severely wounded on 11 October at Cerea , but soon returned to

159-514: A business career. He received a solid education and joined his father's business in 1787, working as an apprentice for two years. Upon Jean-Pierre's death in January 1789, Suchet and his brother Gabriel-Catherine took over the family enterprise, which they decided to expand under the name Maison Suchet frères . However, the French Revolution led Suchet to volunteer, in 1791, for the cavalry of

212-712: A month after the government and the Cortes had capitulated before the Duke of Angoulême in September Of 1823 after the fall of the fort Trocadero of Cadiz, which ended up giving the name to a celebrated square of Paris. Thus Torrijos in Cartagena, along with Espoz y Mina in Barcelona, were the last military that resisted. In the act of surrender to the French troops signed on November 3, 1823-it had been

265-400: A month since Ferdinand VII had restored absolutism-Torrijos got the officers who went into exile to collect their salaries in the emigration, according to their condition of Refugees, not political prisoners. "It surrendered with all the honors: the arms were seized, but no one was shot, neither were prisoners nor reprisals. In the few days, on November 7, 1823, Rafael del Riego was Executed on

318-579: A secret society known as La Comunería, whose purpose was to defend the Constitution, and which shortly before the end of Trienio was split between a "radical" sector linked to the newspaper " Zurriago " and that of the "constitutional comuneros", of which Torrijos was a part. When the royalist uprisings took place, Torrijos participated in the war against the royalist parties in Navarre and in Catalonia – where he

371-569: The Battle of Alcañiz , he defeated the army of Blake y Joyes at the Battle of María on 14 June 1809. On 22 April 1810, he defeated O'Donnell at the Siege of Lérida , then laid siege to Mequinenza in May. He captured Tortosa on 2 January 1811. For his successful Siege of Tarragona from May to June 1811, Suchet was made a Marshal of the Empire by Napoleon on 8 July 1811. He then launched an invasion of

424-507: The Château de Saint-Joseph-Montredon, now called Château de Saint-Just , near Marseille . His son, Louis-Napoléon (1813–1877), succeeded him as Duc d'Albufera. His memoirs ( Mémoires sur Ses Campagnes en Espagne ) were published in two volumes from 1829 to 1834. The chicken dish poularde à la d'Albuféra is named after him. Suchet married Honorine Anthoine de Saint-Joseph (Marseille, 26 February 1790   – Paris, 13 April 1884),

477-564: The Holy Alliance to restore the absolute power of the King Ferdinand VII, acted under the orders of general Ballesteros . But this, so that Torrijos did not bother him in his intended maneuver of not offering any resistance to the enemy, sent it destined for Cartagena to the control of the VIII military District. There he defended the plaza along with Francisco Valdés and Juan López Pinto until

530-778: The Hundred Days . During Napoleon's brief restoration, Suchet was given command of the Army of the Alps and led the defensive campaign on the southeastern front. He resisted the Allies' advance for nearly two months before withdrawing to his hometown of Lyon, where he signed an armistice on 12 July. Suchet was only restored to the Chamber of Peers on 5 March 1819. Unlike other marshals whom Napoleon harshly criticized in Saint Helena , Suchet never lost Napoleon's high esteem. He died on 3 January 1826 at

583-605: The National Guard at Lyon. He displayed abilities which secured rapid military promotions, and by 1792 he was a captain of the volunteers from Ardèche . After the Levée en masse of August 1793, Suchet was appointed commander of the 4th Ardèche Battalion. In this capacity he served in the Siege of Toulon , where he captured the British general Charles O'Hara . In May 1794, at the head of 250 soldiers of his battalion, he suppressed

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636-741: The Peace of Lunéville and the end of the War of the Second Coalition . He was appointed Inspector-General of the Infantry on 24 July 1801. Suchet greatly enhanced his reputation during the Napoleonic Wars . In 1804, during the War of the Third Coalition , he commanded the 4th division of Marshal Lannes 's IV Corps and distinguished himself at the battles of Ulm and Austerlitz . He served under Lannes in

689-523: The V Corps in 1806, during the War of the Fourth Coalition , and fought at the battles of Saalfeld , Jena , Pułtusk , and Ostrolenka . In the subsequent negotiations of the Treaties of Tilsit , Suchet worked with Russian generals Tolstoy and Wittgenstein on the settlement of the borders of the new Duchy of Warsaw . He was named a Count of the Empire on 24 June 1808. Two months later, Suchet

742-419: The captain general of Andalusia proposed to the government "to seize the revolutionary caudillo Torrijos by surprise or stratagem". The main protagonist of this would be the governor of Málaga, Vicente González Moreno , who from the previous month had initiated an active correspondence with Torrijos under the pseudonym of Viriato , posing as a liberal who assured him that the best place for the landing would be

795-420: The region of Valencia , defeated Blake y Joyes at the Battle of Saguntum on 15 October, and received the capitulation of Valencia on 9 January 1812. He was rewarded with the title of duc d'Albuféra (Duke of Albuféra ) on 24 January 1812. After the tide turned against France, Suchet managed to defend his territories in eastern Spain until the French defeat at Vitoria on 21 June 1813, after which he

848-661: The "Memoirs of General Miller," who had participated in the Peruvian war. Torrijos had personally met General Miller in 1812 during the campaigns of the Spanish War of Independence . In the prologue of the latter Torrijos emphasized that Miller had left his land to fight for the freedom "of South America", without even knowing the language, and that "it always served to the homeland that had adopted, doing as it should abstraction of people and matches. " A few months after going to live in London,

901-598: The Island of Leon. It was under the orders of the Duke of Wellington in the decisive Battle of Vitoria , that was going to lead to the end of the war. Three months earlier, in March 1813, he had married Luisa Carlota Sáenz de Viniegra, daughter of an honorary intendant of the army, with whom he had a daughter in 1815 who died shortly after birth. Torrijos ended the war with the rank of brigadier general at only twenty-three years of age. After

954-531: The Masonry by adopting the name "Aristogiton." The conspiracy in which he participated directly was led by Juan Van Halen, which was going to take place in the area under his command. He engaged in the attempt to enlist Lorraine who was in charge, with the help of his friend the Lieutenant Colonel Juan López Pinto , and contacted various clandestine liberal groups in his territory. But Torrijos

1007-633: The Plaza de la Cebada in Madrid, was the sad symbol of the defeat of the liberals at the hands of the Holy Alliance, and on November 18 Torrijos and his wife embarked for Marseilles, where they arrived on 1 December. Thus began an exile that would irreversibly change their lives." In France he stayed only five months because of the hostility shown by his government to the Spanish liberal exiles, who were heavily guarded by

1060-532: The Republic of Panama, from 2004 to 2009, and son of Omar Torrijos Places [ edit ] Torrijos, Spain , a municipality in the comarca of Torrijos Torrijos, a comarca of Spain in the province of Toledo Torrijos, Marinduque , a municipality of the Philippines in the province of Marinduque Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with

1113-468: The aid of the officers Luis Daoiz and Pedro Velarde who were out of ammunition in the artillery park of Madrid. They sent him to negotiate with the French general Gobert but in the middle of the mission, the popular anti-French revolt erupted in the capital and so he was arrested. He was only saved from being shot by the intervention of a field helper who knew Joaquin Murat. At that time he was seventeen and had

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1166-482: The army. In May 1797, Suchet was one of three lieutenant colonels of the 18th Infantry Demi-brigade, with little hope of advancement. He was sent to Venice to procure uniforms for the troops. Since the Venetians believed that they might in future be ruled by the French, Suchet and an aide were treated like royalty. For two months, they enjoyed living in a palace, having a personal gondola and holding reserved seats at

1219-530: The beginning of September via Paris and Marseilles. In Gibraltar they remained for a whole year until the end of November 1831, and from there Torrijos promoted several insurrectional conquests in February and March 1831, which were answered by a brutal repression of the absolutist government of Ferdinand VII, whose most famous victim was Mariana Pineda , executed in Granada the 26 of May of that year. In September 1831

1272-500: The chances of success of a pronouncement in Spain against the absolutism of Fernando VII. In May of 1830 Torrijos presented his plan for the insurrection consisting in the penetration "in circumference" in the Peninsula to attack the center, Madrid, from several points, which would begin the "break", that is to say, the entrance in Spain of the conspirators in London led by himself would be

1325-513: The coast of Málaga, where he would have secured the support of the garrisons and where all the liberals were willing to second him." Unfortunately Torrijos paid more attention to Viriato , and to some genuine liberals who also wrote him encouraging him, than to the Junta de Málaga that tried to dissuade him from landing on those shores if he did not have enough forces. On November 30, two boats with sixty men headed by Torrijos, who were sufficient for

1378-478: The cry of" Long live the freedom! " On the morning of December 2, they saw the city of Málaga, after almost forty hours of travel. Arriving at the coast they were surprised by the ship Neptune , which opened fire on the liberals. With no more shelter than the land itself, Torrijos and his men hurried to the beach of El Charcón. Then the group of Torrijos began its way towards the Sierra de Mijas. When they were near

1431-602: The first light of day December 4, 1831, Realist Volunteers fired their weapons to indicate that the liberals had been located and were surrounded. Then the attack began. The Liberals, for their part, opened fire from within. Torrijos finally decided to surrender and hope that in Málaga the course of events had changed. The group was taken prisoner and marched to the Convent of San Andrés (Málaga) | Convento de los Carmelitas Descalzos de San Andrés, where they spent their last hours. At 11:30 in

1484-643: The flags captured from the enemy to the Directory . Although designated to take part in the expedition to Egypt , Brune kept Suchet’s services and appointed him his chief of staff in the Army of Italy, a role that he retained under General Barthélemy Joubert , Brune's successor as commander in Italy and Suchet's friend. He was appointed chief of staff of the Army of the Danube on 21 February 1799, but soon rejoined Joubert in Italy and

1537-771: The flesh , or in the handles of the silverware or in the hem of the tablecloths and napkins. " For his part Van Halen escaped in 1818 from the prisons of the Holy Office . He left the prison thanks to the triumph of the Rafael del Riego uprising that on February 29, 1820, led to the proclamation of the Constitution of 1812 in Murcia. King Fernando VII, after being forced to accept the Constitutional Monarchy, tried to attract Torrijos to his side and offered to transfer him to Madrid with

1590-627: The invasion of France from this direction but contributed to the success of Bonaparte's crossing of the Alps , leading to a decisive victory at the Battle of Marengo on 14 June. Following the signing of the Convention of Alessandria on 15 June, Suchet was entrusted with the administration of Genoa and Lucca . He took a prominent part in the subsequent of the Italian campaign up to the Armistice of Treviso , and thereafter served as governor of Padua until

1643-527: The liberal opposition to the Monarchy of Louis XVIII , with which it maintained an active correspondence of the one that created a long friendship. On April 24, 1824, Torrijos and his wife embarked for England and during the first two years lived in a modest house of Blackheath until at the end of 1826 they moved to London. During that time he lived on the help of his former boss the Duke of Wellington, then British Prime Minister, which held until July 1829 when he

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1696-581: The morning on Sunday 11 December, Torrijos and his 48 companions were executed. A monument honors the memory of the companions who were shot with General Torrijos. They were shot without trial in two groups on the San Andrés beach of Málaga . "In the first one was Torrijos, who was not allowed to send for the execution squad, as he had requested." Louis-Gabriel Suchet Louis-Gabriel Suchet, duc d' Albuféra ( French pronunciation: [lwi ɡabʁijɛl syʃɛ] ; 2 March 1770 – 3 January 1826),

1749-449: The most radical Spanish liberal exiles created on 1 February 1827 a "Board of the uprising in Spain" that was presided over by Torrijos, thus becoming the top leader of this liberal sector " Exalted "who had distanced himself from the more moderate positions of Francisco Espoz and Mina, who until then had been the leader of liberals exiled in England and who at the time was quite skeptical about

1802-554: The opera. On 28 October 1797, 150 officers of André Masséna 's division hosted a large dinner. The colonel of the 32nd Line, Dominique Martin Dupuy brought Suchet to Napoleon Bonaparte 's table and said, "Well general, when will you make our friend Suchet a colonel?" Bonaparte tried to brush him off with the reply, "Soon: we will see about it." Thereupon Dupuy took off one of his epaulettes and placed it on Suchet's shoulder, saying, "By my almightiness, I make thee colonel." This clownish action

1855-511: The police and who were not allowed to reside in the border departments with Spain. At that time Torrijos claimed for him and for his subordinates the salary stipulated in the agreement of surrender of Cartagena which the government refused to pay (they only collected after the revolution of 1830, triumphed in France) – and entered in Contact with the general Lafayette , deputy and one of the main leaders of

1908-591: The position of colonel of the regiment that bore his name, but Torrijos flatly refused. Which was worth the marginalization of any responsibility on the part of the "moderate" liberal governments. He supported the patriotic societies defended by the liberals "exaltados" and was inducted in June 1820 into the famous Fontana de Oro and in the Lovers of the Constitutional Order . Torrijos and other "exalted" Liberals created

1961-571: The project since the landing did not have a military character, only intended to tread Spanish land and "pronounce", which would constitute the "break" that would trigger the Liberal uprising throughout Spain. They had printed a Manifesto to the Nation, in addition to several proclamations. "As symbolic elements, uniforms, tricolor flags (red and yellow, with two blue-blue stripes) and emblems with arms of Spain. Their mottos:" Patria, Libertad e Independencia ", and

2014-451: The rank of captain. He later joined the defence of Valencia, Murcia and those of Catalonia, being "one of the few military cadres of the old army who put themselves at the head of the national resistance in the name of the liberal principles of freedom and independence. He detached himself from the French and collaborationist camp chosen by many illustrated and clearly confronted with absolutism. " In 1810, at nineteen years old, he reached

2067-472: The rank of lieutenant colonel. He was taken prisoner by the French, after being wounded, but escaped and returned to fight in the war, "consecrating like a military of great boldness and value". He was appreciated by the two sides – the French general Suchet offered him the chance to defect, and the British Doyle asked of the Cortes of Cadiz that he be given a distinguished command in the reorganised forces in

2120-566: The return of Ferdinand VII and the restoration of the Absolute Monarchy in 1814, Torrijos was appointed military governor of Murcia, Cartagena and Alicante, receiving in 1816 the Great Cross of San Fernando for his military merits. But Torrijos soon became involved in the liberal conspiratorial plot that was intended to end at last the absolute power of the king and reinstate the Constitution of Cadiz . In order to do so he apparently joined

2173-516: The signal for the uprising. On July 16, 1830, the Board of London was dissolved. Appointed on an interim basis until the nation was "freely assembled" an Executive Commission of the uprising was created led by Torrijos himself, as the chief military officer, and by Manuel Flores Calderón , former president of the Cortes del Trienio Liberal as a civil authority. Torrijos and his followers arrived in Gibraltar at

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2226-485: The title Torrijos . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Torrijos&oldid=900940657 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Jos%C3%A9 Mar%C3%ADa de Torrijos y Uriarte Torrijos

2279-637: The town of Mijas they saw formations arranged to cut off their passage and to capture them and the men Torrijos orders in that border the town. After several days of walking, they descended along the north slope of the Sierra de Mijas and enter the Guadalhorce valley towards Alhaurín de la Torre, located twenty kilometers from Málaga. They took refuge in Torrealquería of the Count of Mollina in Alhaurín de la Torre. With

2332-579: Was a French Marshal of the Empire and one of the most successful commanders of the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars . He is regarded as one of the greatest generals of the Napoleonic Wars. Suchet was born on 2 March 1770 in Lyon , the son of Jean-Pierre Suchet and Anne-Marie Jacquier. His mother died four years later. His father was a silk merchant , and Suchet originally intended to follow

2385-690: Was born March 20, 1791, in Madrid to a family of Andalusian bureaucrats in the service of the Monarchy. He was the third of four children born to Cristóbal de Torrijos and Chacón, of Seville, and Maria Petronila Uriarte and Borja, in El Puerto de Santa María . His paternal grandfather, Bernardo de Torrijos, was from Málaga, and belonged to the Royal Council and was prosecutor of the Royal Chancery of Granada. His father

2438-405: Was discovered and detained on December 26, 1817, first imprisoned in the Santa Barbara Castle Alicante and then in the prison of the Inquisition of Murcia . There he spent the next two years, although he did not give up conspiratorial activity thanks to his wife who visited him in jail and sent him the clandestine papers, as she narrated herself, " either putting the papers inside the bones of

2491-429: Was forced to evacuate Valencia. He withdrew to Catalonia then to the Pyrenees before finally re-entering France, and afterwards took part in the defense of southwestern France until Napoleon's abdication in April 1814. Suchet accepted the Bourbon Restoration and was made a peer of France on 4 June 1814 by King Louis XVIII . This was forfeited (effective 24 July 1815) by his support of Napoleon's return during

2544-417: Was knight of the Order of Carlos III and valet of the King Carlos IV . Thanks to the position he held, Jose Maria served ten years as the King's page. He immediately decided on a military career and, at the age of thirteen, he entered the Academy of Engineers where he specialized in engineering. Torrijos participation in the War of Independence began the same day that the war began, May 2, 1808. He came to

2597-426: Was promoted to general of division . After Joubert's death at the Battle of Novi , Suchet continued to serve as chief of staff to his successors Moreau and Championnet . In 1800, Suchet was named second-in-command to General André Masséna . His dexterous resistance to the superior forces of the Austrians with the left wing of Masséna's army, when the right and centre were besieged in Genoa , not only prevented

2650-406: Was stationed to Silesia as commander-in-chief of the V Corps. Suchet was deployed to Spain in November 1808. After serving in the Siege of Zaragoza , in April 1809 he was appointed commander of the Army of Aragon and governor of that region. Within two years, he brought the area into complete submission by wise and skillful administration no less than by his valor. Beaten by the Spanish at

2703-420: Was successful; Bonaparte immediately directed Louis-Alexandre Berthier to write out Suchet's nomination for advancement. Suchet received the command of the 18th half-brigade ( demi-brigade ) on 26 October 1797. In March 1798, he served under General Guillaume Brune in the invasion of Switzerland . At the end of the campaign, he was promoted to brigade general and was given the honor of presenting

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2756-436: Was the lieutenant of General Francisco Espoz y Mina -, which earned him the promotion to Field Marshall by order of the "exalted" government of Evaristo San Miguel . Shortly thereafter, on February 28, 1823, he was appointed Minister of War but failed to take office when the king revoked the "exalted" government of which Torrijos was a part. When in May 1823 the invasion of the Hundred Thousand Sons of Saint Louis sent by

2809-413: Was withdrawn because of the increase in his conspiratorial activity. As this grant was not very large he had to devote work to translation. Thus he translated from French into Castilian the Napoleon's Memories , preceded by an introduction – in which he showed his admiration for Bonaparte as a forger of a "national" army, among other reasons – and supplemented by numerous notes, and from English into Spanish

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