Misplaced Pages

#637362

51-432: Torricelli may refer to: People with the surname [ edit ] Evangelista Torricelli (1608–1647), Italian physicist and mathematician Robert Torricelli (born 1951), United States politician Moreno Torricelli (born 1970), Italian football player Giuseppe Antonio Torricelli (1662–1719), Italian sculptor Science [ edit ] Torricelli's law ,

102-788: A 0 − L {\displaystyle a_{0}-L} , where L is the limit of the sequence, and in this way gives a proof of the formula for the sum of a geometric series. Torricelli developed further the method of indivisibles of Cavalieri . Many 17th century mathematicians learned of the method through Torricelli whose writing was more accessible than Cavalieri's. Several Italian Navy submarines were named after Evangelista Torricelli: His original manuscripts are preserved at Florence, Italy. The following have appeared in print: 1 Faenza Faenza ( UK : / f ɑː ˈ ɛ n t s ə / , US : / f ɑː ˈ ɛ n z ə / ; Italian: [faˈɛntsa] ; Romagnol : Fènza or Fẽza ; Latin : Faventia )

153-424: A 0 , a 1 , a 2 , … {\displaystyle a_{0},a_{1},a_{2},\ldots } and showed the corresponding telescoping series ( a 0 − a 1 ) + ( a 1 − a 2 ) + ⋯ {\displaystyle (a_{0}-a_{1})+(a_{1}-a_{2})+\cdots } necessarily converges to

204-530: A Brin -class submarine Italian submarine  Evangelista Torricelli  (S 512) , the former USS Lizardfish Other [ edit ] Torricelli (crater) , a lunar crater in the Sinus Asperitatis Torricelli Act , another part of the United States' long running embargo against Cuba Torricelli languages , a language family of Papua New Guinea Torricelli Mountains ,

255-434: A 50-meter bell tower, and much more so at the peak of a 1460-meter mountain. As we know now, the column's height fluctuates with atmospheric pressure at the same location, a fact which plays a key role in weather forecasting. Baseline changes in the column's height at different elevations, in turn, underlie the principle of the altimeter. Thus, this work laid the foundations for the modern concept of atmospheric pressure ,

306-513: A centuries-old history of political and commercial relations with nearby Tuscany (especially with Florence). As a testament to the popularity of the city's majolica through the ages, on 18 August 2006, Quebec Premier Jean Charest announced that Canadian archaeologists had discovered the precise location of Canada's lost first colony of Charlesbourg-Royal , and that a fragment of a decorative Istoriato plate manufactured in Faenza between 1540 and 1550

357-496: A common paraboloid. This envelope became known as the parabola di sicurezza ( parabola of safety )." Torricelli gave the first scientific description of the cause of wind : ... winds are produced by differences of air temperature, and hence density, between two regions of the earth. Torricelli is also famous for the discovery of the Torricelli's trumpet (also - perhaps more often - known as Gabriel's Horn ) whose surface area

408-433: A height of 10 metres. After Galileo's death, Torricelli proposed, rather, that we live in a "sea of air" that exerts a pressure analogous in many ways to the pressure of water on submerged objects. According to this hypothesis, at sea level, the air in the atmosphere has weight that roughly equals the weight of a 10-meter column of water. When a suction pump creates a vacuum inside a tube, the atmosphere no longer pushes on

459-764: A mountain range in Papua New Guinea See also [ edit ] Torr or mm Hg, a unit of pressure named after Evangelista Torricelli Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Torricelli . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Torricelli&oldid=1069703566 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Disambiguation pages with surname-holder lists Ship disambiguation pages Italian-language surnames Hidden categories: Short description

510-504: A number of telescopes and simple microscopes; several large lenses, engraved with his name, are still preserved in Florence . On 11 June 1644, he famously wrote in a letter to Michelangelo Ricci : Noi viviamo sommersi nel fondo d'un pelago d'aria. (We live submerged at the bottom of an ocean of air.) However his work on the cycloid involved him in a controversy with Gilles de Roberval , who accused him of plagiarizing his earlier solution of

561-546: A private arrangement. Because of this, Torricelli was exposed to experiments funded by Pope Urban VIII . While living in Rome, Torricelli became also the student of the mathematician Bonaventura Cavalieri , with whom he became great friends. It was in Rome that Torricelli also became friends with two other students of Castelli, Raffaello Magiotti and Antonio Nardi . Galileo referred to Torricelli, Magiotti, and Nardi affectionately as his "triumvirate" in Rome. In 1632, shortly after

SECTION 10

#1732847902638

612-454: A small leak at the bottom and y is the depth of the water at time t , then for some constant k > 0. The concept of center of gravity was discovered by Archimedes. Torricelli, following in his footsteps, discovered an important new principle, Torricelli’s principle, which says: if any number of bodies be so connected that, by their motion, their centre of gravity can neither ascend nor descend, then those bodies are in equilibrium. This

663-536: A statue of Torricelli was created in 1868 in gratitude for all that Torricelli had done in advancing science during his short lifetime. The asteroid 7437 Torricelli and a crater on the Moon were named in his honour. The mountain range Torricelli Mountains on New Guinea carry his name. In 1830, botanist Augustin Pyramus de Candolle published Torricellia , which is a genus of flowering plants from Asia belonging to

714-507: A theorem in fluid dynamics Torricelli's equation , an equation created by Evangelista Torricelli Torricelli's trumpet or Gabriel's Horn , a geometric figure Torricelli point or Fermat point , a point such that the total distance from the three vertices of the triangle to the point is the minimum possible Torricelli's experiment , an experiment named after Torricelli Italian submarines [ edit ] Evangelista Torricelli , an Archimede -class submarine Torricelli ,

765-426: A unit of pressure used in vacuum measurements, is named after him. Torricelli also discovered a law, regarding the speed of a fluid flowing out of an opening, which was later shown to be a particular case of Bernoulli's principle . He found that water leaks out a small hole in the bottom of a container at a rate proportional to the square root of the depth of the water. So if the container is an upright cylinder with

816-408: Is infinite , but whose volume is finite. This was seen as an "incredible" paradox by many at the time, including Torricelli himself, and prompted a fierce controversy about the nature of infinity, also involving the philosopher Hobbes . Torricelli was also a pioneer in the area of infinite series. In his De dimensione parabolae of 1644, Torricelli considered a decreasing sequence of positive terms

867-512: Is about 1 square kilometre (0.39 sq mi) of public urban green area. The Bucci Park, created in 1968, has an area of about 80,000 square metres (20 acres) of undulating land, green meadows and fish-rich waters, with species of birds including wild duck, storks and swans. The Florence –Faenza 100-kilometre (62 mi) marathon, a demanding long-distance race held during the last weekend in May, attracts athletes of all nationalities. Faenza

918-478: Is an Italian city and comune of 59,063 inhabitants in the province of Ravenna , Emilia-Romagna , situated 50 kilometres (31 miles) southeast of Bologna . Faenza is home to a historical manufacture of majolica -ware glazed earthenware pottery, known from the French name of the town as faience . Faenza, at the foot of the first sub-Apennine hills, is surrounded by an agricultural region including vineyards in

969-625: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Evangelista Torricelli Torricelli was born on 15 October 1608 in Rome , the firstborn child of Gaspare Torricelli and Caterina Angetti. His family was from Faenza in the Province of Ravenna , then part of the Papal States . His father was a textile worker and the family was very poor. Seeing his talents, his parents sent him to be educated in Faenza, under

1020-446: Is essentially a version of the principle of virtual work. This principle was later used by Christiaan Huygens to study pendulum motion. Torricelli studied projectiles and how they traveled through the air. "Perhaps his most notable achievement in the field of projectiles was to establish for the first time the idea of an envelope : projectiles sent out at [...] the same speed in all directions trace out parabolas which are all tangent to

1071-794: Is home to the RB Formula One Team . Minardi , one of the last small, independent constructors in Formula One , was based in Faenza. The team continued to be based in Faenza after being bought in 2005 by Red Bull , who branded it as Scuderia Toro Rosso from 2006 to 2019, Scuderia AlphaTauri from 2020 to 2023, and RB Formula One Team since 2024. Also headquartered in Faenza is Gresini Racing , started in 1997 by Fausto Gresini , former 125cc world champion. The team has won 4 motorcycle world championships : one in 250cc with Daijiro Kato , one in Moto 2 with Toni Elías , one in Moto 3 with Jorge Martín and

SECTION 20

#1732847902638

1122-413: Is possible however that Torricelli carried out the mercury experiment first, and then formulated his sea of air hypothesis ). In 1643, Torricelli filled a meter-long tube (with one end sealed off) with mercury —thirteen times denser than water—and set the open end of the tube into a basin of the liquid metal and raised the sealed end so the tube stood vertically. The mercury level in the tube fell until it

1173-615: The University of Pisa . Right before the appointment, Torricelli was considering returning to Rome because of there being nothing left for him in Florence, where he had invented the barometer . In this new role he solved some of the great mathematical problems of the day, such as finding a cycloid 's area and center of gravity. As a result of this study, he wrote the book the Opera Geometrica in which he described his observations. The book

1224-711: The golden age of the Renaissance. Other interesting art collections are located in the Municipal Art Gallery, the Diocese Museum, the Bendandi Museum and the Manfredi Library. The historic production of Faenza majolica is recognized worldwide as one of the highest moments of artistic creativity expressed through pottery. The tradition was born from a convergence of favourable conditions: a territory rich in clay,

1275-632: The 2/3 evenings of the duration of the event. The event takes place in the historic center. Typical regional dishes include home-made tagliatelle, cappelletti, lasagna and strozzapreti with the Romagna meat sauce. Some of the typical restaurants in Faenza are La Baita, Marianaza, Trattoria da Manueli where you can find traditional local dishes. The Botanical Gardens , next to the Civic Natural Science Museum with its collections, houses more than 170 species of plants indigenous to Romagna. There

1326-562: The 8th century on. Around the year 1000 with the government of the Bishops and subsequently in the age of the Comune the city began a long period of richness and building expansion which reached its peak with the rule of the Manfredi family . The first consuls were elected in 1141 and in 1155 a podestà was in charge of government of the city. In the wars between Guelphs and Ghibellines that began in

1377-564: The Carnè Natural Park, a vast green area with a visitor's centre and refreshments, are also of great interest, characterized by a typical landscape of dolinas, ravines and swallow holes. Faenza is home to the International Museum of Ceramics. The museum houses pieces from all over the world and from every epoch, from classical amphoras to the works of Chagall and Picasso , and there is a rich section dedicated to Faenza pottery in

1428-577: The Collegio della Sapienza (now known as the Sapienza University of Rome ). Castelli was a student of Galileo Galilei . "Benedetto Castelli made experiments on running water (1628), and he was entrusted by Pope Urban VIII with hydraulic undertakings." There is no actual evidence that Torricelli was enrolled at the university. It is almost certain that Torricelli was taught by Castelli. In exchange he worked for him as his secretary from 1626 to 1632 in

1479-518: The care of his uncle, Giacomo (James), a Camaldolese monk , who first ensured that his nephew was given a sound basic education. He then entered young Torricelli into a Jesuit College in 1624, possibly the one in Faenza itself, to study mathematics and philosophy until 1626, by which time his father, Gaspare, had died. The uncle then sent Torricelli to Rome to study science under the Benedictine monk Benedetto Castelli , professor of mathematics at

1530-607: The city as staunchly Guelph in sympathies. It fought for the pope in the War of the Keys (1229). At the beginning of the 14th century the Guelph Manfredi began a rule over Faenza that was to last for almost two centuries. The peak of splendour was reached under Carlo II Manfredi , in the second half of the century, when the city centre was renewed. In 1488 Galeotto Manfredi was assassinated by his wife: his son Astorre III succeeded him, but

1581-580: The city flourished considerably as a result of its agricultural propensities and the development of industrial activities such as the production of everyday pottery and brickwork objects and linen textiles. Here Totila and an Ostrogothic army defeated the Byzantine army in Italy in the Battle of Faventia in 542 CE. After a period of decadence from the 2nd century to the early Middle Ages it regained prosperity from

Torricelli - Misplaced Pages Continue

1632-587: The family Torricelliaceae . They were named in Evangelista Torricelli's honour. The perusal of Galileo's Two New Sciences (1638) inspired Torricelli with many developments of the mechanical principles there set forth, which he embodied in a treatise De motu (printed amongst his Opera geometrica , 1644). Its communication by Castelli to Galileo in 1641, with a proposal that Torricelli should reside with him, led to Torricelli traveling to Florence , where he met Galileo, and acted as his amanuensis during

1683-435: The first barometer , an instrument that would later play a key role in weather forecasting, and the first pressure altimeter , which measures altitude and is often used in hiking, climbing, skiing, and aviation. The solution to the suction pump puzzle and the discovery of the principle of the barometer and altimeter have perpetuated Torricelli's fame with terms such as "Torricellian tube" and "Torricellian vacuum". The torr ,

1734-521: The following years Faenza was at first loyal to the emperor of the Holy Roman Empire . In 1178, however, it changed side and entered the Lombard League . The inner disputes anyway favoured acquisition of power by Maghinardo Pagano , who remained podestà and capitano del popolo for several years. The Chronicle of Faenza , completed in 1236, is a history of the city from its founding. It shows

1785-455: The gods", in modern English. The very name, coming from the Romans who developed this center under the name of Faventia , has become synonymous with ceramics ( majolica ) in various languages, including French (faïence) and English ( faience ). Here Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius defeated the populares army of Gnaeus Papirius Carbo in 82 BC. From the second half of the 1st century AD

1836-538: The hills, and cultivated land with traces of the ancient Roman land-division system, and fertile market gardens in the plains. In the nearby green valleys of the rivers Samoggia and Lamone there are great number of 18th and 19th century stately homes, set in extensive grounds or preceded by long cypress-lined driveways. According to mythology , the name of the first settlement, Faoentia , had Etruscan and Celtic roots, meaning in Latin "Splendeo inter deos" or "I shine among

1887-627: The last one with Matteo Ferrari in MotoE . Faenza has been host to Motocross World Championship Grand Prix numerous times, the last one in 2020. The track used is Monte Coralli Circuit, located 8 km from the city center. Faenza railway station , at Piazza Cesare Battisti , forms part of the Bologna–Ancona railway . It is also a terminus of two secondary railways, linking Faenza with Ravenna and Florence , respectively. Opened in 1893, it replaced an earlier station, which had been opened in 1861 at

1938-484: The major part of the propositions and sundry problems which were gathered together by Viviani after Torricelli's death. This early work owes much to the study of the classics." Sixty-eight years after Torricelli had died, his genius still filled his contemporaries with admiration, as evidenced by the anagram below the frontispice of Lezioni accademiche d'Evangelista Torricelli published in 1715: En virescit Galileus alter, meaning "Here blossoms another Galileo." In Faenza,

1989-482: The need to solve a theoretical and practical problem: a suction pump could only raise water up to a height of 10 metres (34 ft) (as recounted in Galileo's Two New Sciences ). In the early 1600s, Torricelli's teacher, Galileo, argued that suction pumps were able to draw water from a well because of the "force of vacuum." This argument, however, failed to explain the fact that suction pumps could only raise water to

2040-514: The problem of its quadrature . Although it appears that Torricelli reached his solution independently, the matter was still in dispute up to his death. Torricelli died of fever, most likely typhoid , in Florence on 25 October 1647, 10 days after his 39th birthday, and was buried at the Basilica of San Lorenzo . He left all his belongings to his adopted son Alessandro. "Belonging to that first period are his pamphlets on Solidi spherali, Contatti and

2091-467: The publication of Galileo 's Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems , Torricelli wrote to Galileo of reading it "with the delight ... of one who, having already practiced all of geometry most diligently ... and having studied Ptolemy and seen almost everything of Tycho Brahe , Kepler and Longomontanus , finally, forced by the many congruences, came to adhere to Copernicus , and

Torricelli - Misplaced Pages Continue

2142-447: The three remaining months of his life. Torricelli's work led to first speculations about atmospheric pressure, and to the corollary invention of the mercury barometer (from the Greek word baros, meaning weight ) -- the principle of which was described as early as 1631 by René Descartes , although there is no evidence that Descartes ever built such an instrument. The barometer arose from

2193-498: The town, re-evokes the magnificence and struggles of Faenza in the Manfredi epoch . In the last weekend of September, the MEI - Meeting delle Etichette Indipendenti (Independent Label Meeting) takes place, a musical event in which record companies and musicians who define themselves as independent from the major record companies gather. Musicians of national caliber participate with concerts in

2244-566: The two contiguous main squares: Piazza del Popolo, lined by two double order porticoed wings, and Piazza della Libertà. Among the other monuments of the historic centre are Palazzo Milzetti , the richest and most significant Neoclassical building in the region, and the Teatro Masini (1780–1787). In the nearby, the Villa Case Grandi dei Ferniani has a collection of 18th and 19th century Faenza ceramics. Grotta Tanaccia Karstic Park and

2295-410: The water column below the piston but still pushes down on the surface of the water outside, thus causing the water to rise until its weight counterbalances the weight of the atmosphere. This hypothesis might have led him to a striking prediction: That a suction pump might only raise mercury, which is 13 times heavier than water, to 1/13 the height of the water column (76 centimeters) in a similar pump. (It

2346-680: Was a Galileian in profession and sect". (The Vatican condemned Galileo in June 1633, and this was the only known occasion on which Torricelli openly declared himself to hold the Copernican view.) Aside from several letters, little is known of Torricelli's activities in the years between 1632 and 1641, when Castelli sent Torricelli's monograph of the path of projectiles to Galileo, then a prisoner in his villa at Arcetri . Although Galileo promptly invited Torricelli to visit, Torricelli did not accept until just three months before Galileo's death. The reason for this

2397-429: Was about 76 centimetres (30 in) above the surface of the mercury basin, producing a Torricellian vacuum above. This was also the first recorded incident of creating permanent vacuum. A second unambiguous prediction of Torricelli's sea of air hypothesis was made by Blaise Pascal , who argued, and proved, that the mercury column of the barometer should drop at higher elevations. Indeed, it dropped slightly on top of

2448-506: Was found there that could only have belonged to a member of the French aristocracy in the colony. In September and October international contemporary and classical ceramic art events, such as Argillà Italia and Buongiorno Ceramica , draw majolica amateurs, collectors and artists to Faenza from all over the world. In June the Palio del Niballo , a tournament between five horsemen from the districts of

2499-506: Was in turn killed in Rome as a prisoner of Cesare Borgia , who had captured Faenza in 1501. After a brief period of Venetian domination Faenza became part of the Papal States until 1797. Faenza lost 1,322 of its citizens during World War II . After months of bombings and a bloody battle, it was liberated by the New Zealand Army ( 2nd New Zealand Division ) on 17 December 1944. Faenza's architectural attractions are concentrated in

2550-472: Was published in 1644. Little was known about Torricelli in regard to his works in geometry when he accepted the honorable position, but after he published Opera Geometrica two years later, he became highly esteemed in that discipline. "He was interested in Optics , and invented a method whereby microscopic lenses might be made of glass which could be easily melted in a lamp." As a result, he designed and built

2601-442: Was that Torricelli's mother, Caterina Angetti died. "(T)his short intercourse with the great mathematician enabled Torricelli to finish the fifth dialogue under the personal direction of its author; it was published by Viviani, another pupil of Galileo, in 1674." After Galileo's death on 8 January 1642, Grand Duke Ferdinando II de' Medici asked Torricelli to succeed Galileo as the grand-ducal mathematician and chair of mathematics at

SECTION 50

#1732847902638
#637362