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30-630: Toraigyr falls within the perimeter of the Bayanaul National Park , a protected area . The lake is one of the places in Kazakhstan named after Kazakh poet Sultanmahmut Toraygirov . Toraigyr is an elongated lake that lies in the Bayanaul Range , below the slopes of the northern side of the mountains. It is the third largest lake of the Bayanaul area. Mount Akbet , the highest point of the range,

60-429: A kilometre-long walk to reach. In recent years, a wooden staircase has been built for the last section of the route. Pine See List of Pinus species for complete taxonomy to species level. See list of pines by region for list of species by geographic distribution . A pine is any conifer tree or shrub in the genus Pinus ( / ˈ p aɪ n ə s / ) of the family Pinaceae . Pinus

90-564: A means to evaluate soil fertility and vigour of the trees. The bark of most pines is thick and scaly, but some species have thin, flaky bark. The branches are produced in "pseudo whorls", actually a very tight spiral but appearing like a ring of branches arising from the same point. Many pines are uninodal, producing just one such whorl of branches each year, from buds at the tip of the year's new shoot , but others are multinodal, producing two or more whorls of branches per year. Pines have four types of leaf : Pines are monoecious , having

120-488: A vale between two mountain ridges. Toraygir is the third-largest and highest-altitude lake. This lake was named in honour of the Kazakh poet Sultanmahmut Toraygirov , who spent his childhood in this region. Byrzhankol is the smallest lake of the four, and gets its name from the Kazakh words byr ("one"), zhan ("soul"), and kol ("lake"), translating altogether to "lake of one soul." Four kinds of vegetation can be found in

150-541: Is 140 days. Annual precipitation is 340 mm, with some years varying from 190 to 494 mm. The average wind speed in Bayanaul is 2.9 m/s. Bayanaul does not usually experience the strong winds and dust storms common in the steppe regions of Pavlodar Province . It lies in the Kazakh Steppe ecoregion. The park has sanatoriums and recreational areas; however, most of these areas have poor infrastructure and lack indoor plumbing. Several recreational activities are offered in

180-664: Is Kazakhstan's first national park. The park encompasses 68,453 hectares and was created to conserve the natural flora and fauna of the Bayanaul Range. It is included on the list of protected areas in Kazakhstan. The park contains a portion of the Bayanaul Range , part of the Kazakh Uplands . These mountains took shape during the Paleozoic Era and have since endured millennia of continental destruction, resulting in their relatively low elevation (400 to 1,027 m). The highest point of

210-460: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Bayanaul National Park Bayanaul National Park ( Kazakh : Баянауыл ұлттық паркі , Baianauyl ūlttyq parkı ; Russian : Баянаульский национальный парк ) is a national park in Kazakhstan located on the outskirts of the Kazakh Uplands in the northeastern Pavlodar Province , 140 km from the city of Ekibastuz . Established in 1985, it

240-429: Is characterized by large seasonal temperature variations, experiencing warm summers (at least four months averaging over 10°C and no month averaging over 22°C, and cold winters (the average January temperature is -13.7°C, with an average minimum of -17.8°C). The average annual temperature in the park is 3.2°C. The average July temperature is 14.6°C, with an average maximum reaching 32.6°C. The average frost-free period

270-451: Is located nearby. There are two rocky islets near the southwestern end of the lake. Part of the shore is rocky and the water is slightly brackish. Toraigyr village lies close to the western shore of the lake. The nearest town is Bayanaul , located 8 kilometers (5.0 mi) to the southeast. The main fish species in Toraigyr lake are carp and perch . This Kazakhstan location article

300-449: Is now restricted to fir ( Abies ) and Douglas-fir ( Pseudotsuga ). Pines are gymnosperms . The genus is divided into two subgenera based on the number of fibrovascular bundles in the needle. The subgenera can be distinguished by cone, seed, and leaf characters: Phylogenetic evidence indicates that both subgenera have a very ancient divergence from one another. Each subgenus is further divided into sections and subsections. Many of

330-403: Is the "holy cave." According to superstition, if someone enters the cave, places their palm on the wall, makes a wish, and then leaves without turning their head around to face the exit, their wish will come true. Another superstition posits that the cave helps infertile parents conceive; for this reason, the cave is the site of a fertility ritual. The cave is located at a high altitude and requires

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360-629: Is the largest genus of the Pinaceae , the pine family, which first appeared in the Jurassic period. Based on recent Transcriptome analysis, Pinus is most closely related to the genus Cathaya , which in turn is closely related to spruces . These genera, with firs and larches , form the pinoid clade of the Pinaceae. Pines first appeared during the Early Cretaceous, with the oldest verified fossil of

390-683: Is the sole genus in the subfamily Pinoideae . World Flora Online accepts 187 species names of pines as current, with additional synonyms, making it the largest family among the conifers. The American Conifer Society (ACS) and the Royal Horticultural Society accept 121 species. The highest species diversity of pines is found in Mexico. Pines are widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere ; they occupy large areas of boreal forest , but are found in many habitats, including

420-631: The Mediterranean Basin . The timber from pine trees is called "pine"; it is one of the most extensively used types of timber. There are currently 818 named cultivars (or trinomials ) recognized by the ACS. It is a well-known type of Christmas tree . Pine trees are evergreen , coniferous resinous trees (or, rarely, shrubs ) growing 3–80 metres (10–260 feet) tall, with the majority of species reaching 15–45 m (50–150 ft) tall. The smallest are Siberian dwarf pine and Potosi pinyon , and

450-536: The Organization of the Scout Movement of Kazakhstan , dubbed "Jasybay's Arrow," was held at the national park. The national park contains large rock formations that have taken on bizarre shapes due to centuries of environmental erosion and often resemble animals, people, and other objects, such as a truck coming down a mountain. Among these is the " Baba-Yaga " rock, which, when viewed from a certain angle, resembles

480-684: The White Mountains of California. An older tree, now cut down, was dated at 4,900 years old. It was discovered in a grove beneath Wheeler Peak and it is now known as " Prometheus " after the Greek immortal . The spiral growth of branches, needles, and cones scales are arranged in Fibonacci number ratios. The new spring shoots are sometimes called "candles"; they are covered in brown or whitish bud scales and point upward at first, then later turn green and spread outward. These "candles" offer foresters

510-440: The Bayanaul Range is Akbet Mountain (1,027 m), which is contained within the park. According to local legend, Akbet Mountain is named in honour of Akbet, a girl who jumped off its peak when she was required to marry someone who she did not love. The park has four notable freshwater lakes : Sabyndykol , Jasybay , Toraygir , and Byrzhankol . In addition, there are many smaller lakes, several of which shrink significantly during

540-644: The Indo-European base *pīt- ‘resin’ (source of English pituitary ). Before the 19th century, pines were often referred to as firs (from Old Norse fura , by way of Middle English firre ). In some European languages, Germanic cognates of the Old Norse name are still in use for pines — in Danish fyr , in Norwegian fura/fure/furu , Swedish fura/furu , Dutch vuren , and German Föhre — but in modern English, fir

570-476: The dry season. Six of these lakes lie near the top of Nayzatas ("stone spear" in Kazakh) Mountain. The largest lake is Sabyndykol ( Kazakh : Сабындыкөл ( Sabyndyköl ), literally "soapy lake", with the village of Bayanaul located on its shores. The lake is named for its "soft water" and soap-like surface. The second-largest lake is Jasybay, named in honour of the Kazakh mythic hero, Jasybay . It lies in

600-550: The genus being Pinus yorkshirensis from the Hauterivian - Barremian boundary (~130-125 million years ago) from the Speeton Clay , England. The evolutionary history of the genus Pinus has been complicated by hybridization . Pines are prone to inter-specific breeding. Wind pollination, long life spans, overlapping generations, large population size, and weak reproductive isolation make breeding across species more likely. As

630-452: The head of a bald, toothless old woman with a treacherous grin, much like the familiar Baba-Yaga from Slavic mythology. Another popular attraction in the park is a rock dubbed "masculine dignity" because it resembles the head of a penis . Other rock forms in the park take on the likenesses of a camel , the heads of a mammoth and a gorilla , a flying saucer , a dinosaur , a dove , a horse head , and many others. Another local attraction

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660-507: The male and female cones on the same tree. The male cones are small, typically 1–5 cm long, and only present for a short period (usually in spring, though autumn in a few pines), falling as soon as they have shed their pollen . The female cones take 1.5–3 years (depending on species) to mature after pollination , with actual fertilization delayed one year. At maturity the female cones are 3–60 cm long. Each cone has numerous spirally arranged scales, with two seeds on each fertile scale;

690-424: The park is particularly surprising considering that it is located in a semi-desert steppe. Along with birches , pines , alders , and aspens , many bushes and shrubs occur in the park, including berry-bearing varieties such as raspberries , rose hips , currants , and hawthorns . Wild strawberries grow in the meadows, and mushrooms grow in the forests. Up to 50 species of relict plant species can be found in

720-406: The park, including swimming , hiking , rock climbing , and mountain biking . Guided tours are offered in many areas of the park to the main attractions of the park, including the "holy cave," the "stone head," the "masculine dignity" rock, and others. Catamaran , rowboat , and motorboat rentals are offered on the shores of Lake Jasybay. In the summer of 1993, the first National Jamboree of

750-458: The park, including black alder and rock currant. Around 50 species of birds and 40 species of mammals, including the argali , roe deer , European badger , and squirrel , inhabit the park. Among the birds found in the park are cranes , swans , herons , and bustards . Birds of prey include eagles , kestrels , and kites . The national park falls under the humid continental climate, warm summer Köppen climate classification (Dfb) . It

780-399: The park: forest , forest-steppe , steppe , and meadow . The park is botanically diverse and supports approximately 460 plant species, including the Bayanaul pine and the black alder . The Bayanaul pine is considered unique in that it grows primarily on rocks. Scenes of pine vegetation juxtaposed with bare rock are considered a main tourist draw to the park. The variety of vegetation in

810-453: The scales at the base and tip of the cone are small and sterile, without seeds. The seeds are mostly small and winged, and are anemophilous (wind-dispersed), but some are larger and have only a vestigial wing, and are bird -dispersed. Female cones are woody and sometimes armed to protect developing seeds from foragers. At maturity, the cones usually open to release the seeds. In some of the bird-dispersed species, for example whitebark pine ,

840-469: The seeds are only released by the bird breaking the cones open. In others, the seeds are stored in closed cones for many years until an environmental cue triggers the cones to open, releasing the seeds. This is called serotiny . The most common form of serotiny is pyriscence, in which a resin binds the cones shut until melted by a forest fire, for example in P. rigida . The modern English name "pine" derives from Latin pinus , which some have traced to

870-422: The smaller groups of Pinus are composed of closely related species with recent divergence and history of hybridization. This results in low morphological and genetic differences. This, coupled with low sampling and underdeveloped genetic techniques, has made taxonomy difficult to determine. Recent research using large genetic datasets has clarified these relationships into the groupings we recognize today. Pinus

900-537: The tallest is an 83.45 m (273.8 ft) tall sugar pine located in Yosemite National Park . Pines are long lived and typically reach ages of 100–1,000 years, some even more. The longest-lived is the Great Basin bristlecone pine ( P. longaeva ). One individual of this species, dubbed " Methuselah ", is one of the world's oldest living organisms at around 4,800 years old. This tree can be found in

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