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50-544: The Tondero is a Peruvian dance and rhythm born in the north coast adjacent to the eastern valleys of the Sierra or "yungas" of Piura , Sechura and Lambayeque . The oldest version is from the Morropón Province , approximately the center of Piura's region, below the highlands and inland from the coast. The classical version consists of a principal singer, a small chorus , two Criollo style guitar players (one picking up

100-488: A microtransaction system was put into place. In response to criticism that server restrictions made logging on for non-paying players difficult, in October 2006 Artix Entertainment introduced a server in which a player could log on at any time, but with a tight level limit. In July 2010, the server cap was removed permanently. AdventureQuest is a single-player RPG, although character data is stored on AE servers. The gameplay

150-452: A lack of sanitary conditions, the capital was moved to Monte de los Padres ( Morropón ); in 1578, and for the same reason, it was moved again, this time to San Francisco de la Buena Esperanza ( Paita ). In 1588, the permanent attacks of the English pirates and privateers forced a final relocation of the capital to Piura. During colonial times, life went by peacefully. Yet, the raids against

200-411: A player visits another player's house, they must battle the owner's guards - if any - in order to gain access to that house. Some buildings yield resources, such as health and mana potions, in varying amounts, depending on the quality of the house in question. Guardianship, which can be purchased for a one-time fee of $ 19.95, gives players access to premium content. This fee goes toward the maintenance of

250-488: A resemblance to the order of those trumpet gypsy bands found in Romania or Hungary whom after tragic intro, flow as nomadic tunes. So we have a caravan-like feeling, where rhythms of cajón resemble as if they were mules, donkeys or even horses from a caravan. The thumping noise is accompanied by the "Tundete of the guitarr" that sounds like Ton-Ton-Tun. That is why it probably changed into Tondero instead of Volero (Bolero); there

300-563: A young Piuran or northern person). Piuranos are characterized by their witty minds, melancolic Tondero music and welcoming personalities. Like many Peruvians, they enjoy drinking chicha de jora , pisco or beer and many of them have a tendency towards creativity and art as their source of income. Local gastronomical dishes include the Piuran Secho de Chavelo (the capital's dish), Algarrobina cocktails, many types of ceviches and other seafoods like Majarisco and Pasao al Agua . Piura

350-477: Is South America's most western point. The territory of the Piura Region has many climate variations due to its geographical location. It is just 4 degrees south of the equator, yet receives two ocean currents at the same time: the cold Humboldt Current (13–20 °C; 55–68 °F) and the warm El Niño Current (20–27 °C; 68–81 °F). This makes the Piura Region a land that is both tropical and arid at

400-411: Is also a gypsy rhythm called Volandero. The music resembles primitive "bulerías", "tangos" or zards yet played to the creative Peruvian cockfights, in the movements. Piura Region Piura ( Spanish pronunciation: [ˈpjuɾa] ) is a coastal department and region in northwestern Peru . The region's capital is Piura and its largest port cities, Paita and Talara , are also among

450-470: Is an online Flash -based single-player role-playing video game started in 2002 and currently developed by Artix Entertainment . A one-time "guardianship" fee was introduced in 2003, allowing the player to access extended in-game content. Ownership of the game transferred to the newly formed Artix Entertainment in 2004, and a server population cap was added for non-Guardian players in May of that year. In 2005,

500-501: Is covered by deserts, tropical valleys, dry equatorial forests, tropical montane climates as you reach between 1000 and 1500 meters, and a humid subtropical sierra climate if you reach over 2,000 meters. The Páramo climate is found in the higher regions of the Sierra. Rain is scarce from May to November: it rains only from December to April at discontinuous rates due to the influence of the El Niño Current, but every so often, when

550-518: Is famed for its natilla sweets as well. The warm climate of this region forbids hard labour from 1:00 p.m. to 4:00 p.m., so it is common tradition to take siestas and better to wake up early to get important stuff done before noon. Processions and religious folk are passionately practiced by some of the locals. One of them is Cristo de Ayabaca . Popular crafts are the Chulucana Pottery and handy hats and silversmith arts made from

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600-561: Is similar to that of traditional RPGs in that it revolves around fighting monsters in a turn-based system. As players defeat monsters, they gain experience points, gold, and occasionally "Z-Tokens", a secondary currency that can also be bought with real-world money. There are also special items or sets called Mastercrafts (MC for short), which are 5% stronger than normal items but cost 10% more gold/tokens. Skill points, like mana, are used for certain class abilities. They are also used for some armor skills, as an upkeep cost for most misc items, and

650-471: Is the famous Peruvian Waltz , well practiced by traditional musicians (northern Peruvians have their style). The region is divided into 8 provinces (Spanish: provincias , singular: provincia ), which are composed of 64 districts ( distritos , singular: distrito ). The provinces, with their capitals in parentheses, are: Populated places include: Zards AdventureQuest (also referred to by its website name BattleOn or abbreviated to AQ )

700-521: Is the lowest point in Peru and all of the Southern Tropics , is located in this desert. The morphological forms most common in the coast are the dry ravine that suddenly become copious when there are heavy rains, forming tropical dry forests all over. Other features are half-moon shaped dunes , the marine terraces such as those of Máncora, Talara and Lobitos. Valleys have been formed by fluvial terraces of

750-527: Is the most important and flows into the Pacific Ocean. The Piura River also flows into the Pacific Ocean although the flow varies greatly with the changing seasons and during severe droughts will dry up. The climate is subtropical and tropical savanna in the center and north coast, Semi-arid in the southern coast near Lambayeque Region . Piura has a tropical dry or tropical savanna climate monsoon weather that averages 26 °C (79 °F) throughout

800-536: Is the original home of Pima cotton . Piura also produces bananas, coconuts, rice and other fruits as local income. The " Manglares de San Pedro de Vice " in Sechura Province of Piura are the southernmost mangroves on the Pacific coast of South America. Its development has been favoured also by the petroleum found in the ocean of Talara Province , fishing is blessed by two ocean currents, silver mines are common and

850-486: The Catacaos Province. Northern cowboys can still be seen today wandering the deserts of Sechura , Catacaos and the forests of Morropon transporting their goods using donkeys and mules. They seem to resemble physically the "American Southwest" cowboys , or Argentinian gauchos and Mexican charros . They are noted not only for their abilities to sing and play Cumanana and Tondero but as silversmiths that work

900-598: The Chira River and Piura River . To the east, valleys are more or less deep and have been eroded by rivers forming equatorial tropical-dry-forests . The major peak surpasses 3000 m. The Paso de Porculla, in the southwest of the territory is only 2,138 meters high and is the lowest pass of the Peruvian Andes. The rivers crossing its territory belong both to the Pacific watershed and to the Amazon Basin . The Chira River

950-641: The Mochicas and, centuries later, by the Incas , during the rule of Tupac Inca Yupanqui . In 1532, Francisco Pizarro founded the first Spanish city in South America on the banks of the Chira River in the Tangarará Valley . He named it San Miguel de Piura. The founding date is still subject of controversy. However, during the 450th anniversary celebrations, July 15 was adopted as the official date. In 1534, due to

1000-576: The Blarney War ( St. Patrick's Day ), April Fools , Mogloween ( Halloween ), and Frostval ( Christmas ). AdventureQuest also includes anniversary events such as The Dragon of Time, Curse of the Phantom Pixel, and Rise of the Shadow Council. In AdventureQuest , players can participate in competitive activities through the clan system. There are eight clans available for players to join, representing

1050-501: The El Niño phenomenon arrives, rain is copious and makes the dry ravines become alive, giving rise not only to the impressive forests but to many floods and great landslides. El Niño occurs when ocean waters reach 27 °C (81 °F). When ocean water temperatures elevate 1 or 1.5 degrees Celsius higher than 26 °C (79 °F), the consequence could be catastrophic rains. Although ocean waters can drop to 19 °C (66 °F) during

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1100-580: The Spanish authorities led by Admirals Borran and Cochrane, members of the libertarian expedition of José de San Martín , woke the longing for liberty in the minds of the local people. Piura is host to a stunning mestizo culture, since all races mix here. Local Piuranos have a different accent from their neighbours at both sides since: they tend elongate their syllables in a similar ways to northern Mexicans. Piuranos have their own proud slang. Locals for example, call themselves Churres (popular term used for

1150-584: The X-Guardian, which gives even more in-game advantages, such as faster XP gain. Introduced in June 2006, Money or Z-Tokens are rare coins in AdventureQuest that are occasionally found after winning a battle. Players may also purchase Z-Tokens with real-world money. Players may use Z-Tokens to buy shields, armor, weapons, pets, and items. These Z-Token-bought combat items tend to be more powerful than normal items of

1200-658: The amount of damage inflicted and taken if a melee/ranged attack is being used, as well as accuracy for melee attacks, Dexterity/DEX affects the amount of damage done or taken if a ranged attack is being used (but affects ranged damage less than STR does and it also increases dodge ability as well as accuracy). Intellect affects magic damage (and increases mana points) while also increasing the accuracy of magic weapons/skills and spells, endurance increases hit points, charisma affects damage being done by pets and guests, as well as their accuracy, and luck gives players small bonuses to accuracy and dodge chance for all attacks (it also increases

1250-531: The coast onto the sierra. Páramo climates and cooler temperatures appear higher in the sierra. Topography is smooth in the coast and rough in the Sierra . There are many arid plains in the southern region. The Sechura Desert , located south of the Piura River , is Peru's largest desert and one of the world's few examples of a tropical desert ; it borders a tropical terrain to the north. The Bayóvar Depression , which

1300-493: The current Bayovar Deposits are present as well. The most important culture that developed in the Piura region was Vicús , which stood out for its ceramics and delicate work in gold . The Tallanes or Yungas , however, were the first settlers, who migrated from the Sierra . During a period that is still vague, they lived in behetrias , which were primitive settlements without a head or an organization. Later they were conquered by

1350-616: The dances seem to have guitarra and cajón instruments as their principal instruments. Figures of course represent cockfights and the stumps, body-waist movements and hand movements are done in gypsy musical style where flirting is done by the women, and the stud acts, and picaresque attitude called machismo , is done by the man. Tondero is played by all coastal regions of the North; so there are styles from La Libertad, Lambayeque, Piura (the official region and origin of Tondero) and even Tumbes. The " chinganas " (traditional creole music bars) has

1400-518: The dry winter months (May to October), they can also rise to 27 °C (81 °F) during the humid summer months (December to April); this calls for pleasant rains; yet if the temperatures rise 1 or 1.5 °C degrees above that, El Niño is assured. During the hottest days of summer (December to April), temperatures can reach almost 40 °C (104 °F) inland. During night time, 30s or even high 20s may seem unpleasant, which urge people to go to beach resorts such as Máncora or Colán. The rest of

1450-594: The eight elemental realms. Clan bases contain a shop that sells items of its respective element, as well as clan-unique items. In addition to the in-game leaders of these clans, there are player leaders who are elected on the BattleOn Forums. These players ensure activity and stability for their respective clans and also play larger parts during clan-based game releases. Houses may be purchased with Z-Tokens. Furthermore, players may also use these Z-tokens to buy pictures and guards to decorate and protect their houses. When

1500-426: The filigree earrings , leathers , hats , wooden and silver utensils of Catacaos region. The Tondero and Cumanana are the traditional music of the Piura Region. Chicha music, now called Tecnocumbia (originally a Peruvian styled cumbia with electronic elements), is the modern version of popular music all over, as well as Salsa among youngsters. Another great tradition that is sung by all northern Peruvians

1550-655: The game and its servers. Guardians can reach a maximum level of 150 while adventurers can reach a maximum level of 135. It also boosts the player's Z-Token count by 1000. Players can also go to more locations in the game that adventurers can't, such as the Guardian Tower. Furthermore, guardians can unlock quests and items that are not for adventurers. Other exclusives include the ability to create an account for ArchKnight and ZardWars , which are similar side-games that are also developed by Artix Entertainment. Furthermore, players can upgrade to another form of membership known as

Tondero - Misplaced Pages Continue

1600-428: The gypsy errant and caravanistic life) yet it eventually evolved into a "T", as to describe the tundete sound and base rhythm typical to it: "Bum Bum Bum". This base rhythm derives from trumpeting Csárdás yet carefully scales on guitar and the dance handfigures and movements are primitive bulerías . The cock fight so popular among Gypsies worldwide is where the dance gets its choreography and inspiration. However, as

1650-403: The loss of cattle, crops (due usually to El Niño phenomena) or the lament due to unrequited love from his "china" (dear woman). The use of the handkerchief , as a symbolic element that relates to the flying of errant birds, has a possible Romani inheritance that belongs to the weddings and is also seen in coastal dances like Zamacueca Limeña, Resbalosa, Canto de Jarana or Marinera Norteña. All of

1700-514: The months have pleasant summer temperatures in the low 30s and mid 20s °C (77–90 °F). Piura is a land of unique algarrobo trees, a variety of mesquite similar to the carob , and it is the region with the most equatorial tropical dry forests in the whole Pacific. These ecoregions carry a unique variety of orchids, birds, reptiles, plants and mammals. Piura is known for the best and oldest lime-lemons in South America as well as South America's finest mango (tropical dry). With Lambayeque, it

1750-469: The most important in Peru. The area is known for its tropical and dry beaches. It is the most populous department in Peru, its twelfth smallest department, and its fourth-most densely populated department, after Tumbes , La Libertad , and Lambayeque . The country's latest decentralization program is in hiatus after the proposal to merge departments was defeated in the national referendum in October 2005. The referendum held on October 30, 2005, as part of

1800-525: The ongoing decentralization process in Peru , to decide whether the region would merge with the current regions of Lambayeque and Tumbes to create a new Región Norte was defeated. The Piura Region is bordered to the north by the Tumbes Region and Ecuador , to the east by Cajamarca Region , to the south by the Lambayeque Region , and to the west by the Pacific Ocean. "Punta Pariñas" in Piura

1850-438: The player has enough skill points). Both characters and monsters have elemental and weapon-based resistances and weaknesses. Elements include fire, ice, water, energy, earth, wind, light, and darkness. There are three categories of attacks, and each weapon, spell, or skill belongs to a category: melee, ranged, or magic. There are six trainable stats (Strength, Dexterity, Intellect, Endurance, Charisma, and Luck). Strength/STR affects

1900-405: The player's alignment. Most fights begin through random encounters and quests, which can be found throughout the game. The battle system is turn-based; on player's turn, they may attack, equip an item (such as a weapon, shield, or armor), use other miscellaneous items, cast a spell, perform a skill (if players are equipped with an item that has a skill), call a pet/guest, or flee from the battle (if

1950-416: The player's chance of attacking first in battle, and lets them perform a Lucky Strike 10% of the time if they have LUK, which boosts their damage). A battle ends once the enemy's HP drops to zero or if the player's HP drops to zero. Like most other RPGs, AdventureQuest has special releases or events as well as a limited time shop based on real-life holidays. Holidays include: Snugglefest ( Valentine's Day ),

2000-494: The popular costume of putting a "White Flags" as synonymous invitations for newcomers or solitary bohemian northmen "Piajenos" (how northern people call the typical farmers whom ride donkeys and mules) to come refresh themselves from the northern heat and have a "Chicha de Jora" drink. It is of course a great chance to listen to an old "Piajeno" farmer sing and play tondero rhythms, most typically of northern Lambayeque and southern Piura. The cumananas and "Tristes" are somewhat like

2050-473: The resemblance to the yaraví (Andean song) mestizo in the guitar, gypsy Romani ballads of eastern Europe or Spain in the form of song and then the explosive finish line or "tundete" of guitar: the rhythm of Tondero itself. The most probable is that the term tondero derives from the term volero (flyer, birds that fly) or bolero and after years of changes to Tondero (with a t) as faster version based on Zards and Flamenco. The musical composition of guitarra has

Tondero - Misplaced Pages Continue

2100-625: The same emotion: the errant life of birds , cockfighting very common among Peruvians (Peruvian roosters are the largest and most aggressive) and lastly, the falling in love ; between birds or between the macho stallion that battles to get the acceptance of the female, she flirts and doesn't let him conquer her until the end. The prototype image of tondero and cumanana singers are the solitary mestizo or creole (northern Peruvian) farmers who stop and sing about their tragic hard life, their errant ways. Themes are usually tragic and somewhat picaresque, where one makes fun of one's tragedy. Typical topics are

2150-482: The same level, and can be purchased at a relatively lower player level. Players may also purchase inventory slots with Z-Tokens, or trade them for in-game gold. A special shop called the Limited Time Shop offers mostly Z-Token equipment, usually either discounted or soon-to-be rare. A common criticism of AdventureQuest is that there is little to no player interaction with other players in the game. OMGN praised

2200-599: The same time, The Land where the Tropics meets The Desert The coast is divided by the Peruvian subtropical desert of Sechura on the south and savanna -like scrub Tumbes–Piura dry forests to the center and north of the region. There are also small valleys of tropical climate, where rice and coconut fields are common, especially around the Piura and Sullana rivers. There is montane forest ( selva alta ) as one goes away from

2250-493: The tondero is very similar to the marinera, Perú's national dance, and the marinera norteña, the version of the marinera popular in the northern part of Perú—roughly the area around Trujillo and Piura. All of these dances ultimately stem from what had been cultivated in Perú by Spanish horsemen of Romani origin, then modified by African slaves. The terminology of "Tondero" derives from the terms Volandero, and Volero ( to fly by , describes

2300-530: The tragic initial Zards or the Cante Jondo of Andalucia but in a mestizo flavour. After a few drinks of Pisco , Algarrobina or Chicha en poto come the "Cumanánas"; whom are coplas brought in "contra punto" style. They are sung in satiric and picaresque style but rooted always in a sad theme. The cumananas all surround the Tondero. Right before a tondero it is common to play cumanana and tristes. You can hear

2350-508: The tundete or tondero bass line); the "Peruvian cajon" (now used in Latin American commercial rhythms), modern flamenco and evolutionary jazz , and/or Peruvian spoon players. It may be accompanied by palms or an Afro-Peruvian instrument made of dried and flattened pumpkins called checo . It is also played by trumpet and drum bands. It is composed of three parts: 1) glosa 2) dulce and 3) fuga . In its choreography and its music,

2400-500: The usage of potions. Skill points are required to flee from battle; the higher the monster's level, the more SP is needed. AdventureQuest has an alignment system similar to that of Dungeons & Dragons , which includes selection between Good and Evil as well as Unity and Chaos. Actions taken in game affect the player's alignment, and give the player a selection of custom rewards and access to in-game events. The game also includes equipment that will bestow special effects depending on

2450-551: The whole year. Pleasant warm winters (June to October) that average between 25 and 28 °C (77 and 82 °F) during the daytime and lows around 16 and 18 °C (61 and 64 °F) during the night. In 2013 and 2016, Chulucanas and the Lancones District , two places in the Department of Piura, recorded a temperature of 39.8 °C (103.6 °F). This is the highest temperature to have ever been recorded in Peru. Piura

2500-518: The years went on, the significance of African influence added to its Romani origin and so did the mingling of these with the native Amerindians. Unlike the Zamacueca , which directly derives from Zambrainas and Hispano-African influences without Andean addings, the Tondero maintains a stronger Romani origin in its tragic lyrics with visible addings of African and America, Indian influence as time went by. The dance expresses three themes, all inspired from

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