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18-658: In 1889, the Maumees moved to the International Association , where they were also known as the Toledo Black Pirates . Managed by former player Charlie Morton , the team finished in fourth place with a 54–51 record. Toledo first baseman Perry Werden won the batting title with a .394 average while leading the league in hits (167). In 1890 the team joined the American Association . Again with Morton at

36-647: A 1903 copy of The London Advertiser ), had 201 hits, scored 103 runs and stole 80 bases. His second season with the Tecumsehs was less successful due to a leg injury. Donovan went on to an outstanding career in Major League Baseball , even playing a significant role in scouting Babe Ruth . The following teams played in the second incarnation of the league, which existed from 1888 until 1890: In 1888, Syracuse finished in first place. Detroit finished in first place in 1889 and 1890. Some baseball historians consider

54-462: Is often considered the most difficult outfield position, requiring both a good throwing arm and speed. Center fielders on many teams often bat lead off . Players who do not routinely start games, but often substitute as a pinch hitter or defensive replacement in the outfield are referred to as fourth outfielders or even fifth outfielders . These players can usually play any of the three outfield positions. Corner outfielders are outfielders who play

72-414: Is regarded as the first true minor league. Outfielder An outfielder is a person playing in one of the three defensive positions in baseball or softball , farthest from the batter. These defenders are the left fielder , the center fielder , and the right fielder . As an outfielder, their duty is to catch fly balls and ground balls then to return them to the infield for the out or before

90-481: The International Association , was the name for two separate Canadian-American professional baseball leagues that first operated during 1877–1878 (plus an additional two seasons under a different name) and later operated during 1888–1890. The Association's by-laws and constitution required member teams to pay $ 10 to join the league (plus an additional $ 15 to compete for the championship) and fan admission

108-613: The National Base Ball Association entering the 1879 season. Under that name, it played through the 1880 season before dissolving. The league did not operate from 1881 to 1887. In 1888, outfielder Patsy Donovan of the London Tecumsehs led the league in batting with a batting average of either .359 (according to the Donovan family web site) or .398 (according to the London Tecumsehs' official scorer C. J. Moorehead in

126-617: The Toledo Black Pirates of 1892, a club member of the original Western League which was based in the city. Led by manager Ed MacGregor, the Black Pirates went 28–29 to finish fourth among the teams that did not fold during the season (the league itself folded on July 11). This article about a baseball team in Ohio is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . International Association (baseball) The International Association for Professional Base Ball Players , commonly known as

144-410: The center fielder . However, there are some important differences between right fielders and left fielders . Right fielders tend to have the best throwing arms of the outfield so they can make the long throw to third base, but often are not as fast as left fielders. Center fielders are generally the fastest and most athletic of the three, because they have to run the farthest in order to field balls in

162-654: The 1877 season: Fred Goldsmith , London's star pitcher, had a 14–4 record in 193 innings pitched with three shutouts, during International Association play in 1877. In 1878, the league lost two teams - Guelph and Columbus - however, it added the Binghamton Crickets , Hornellsville Hornells , Lowell Lowells and Syracuse Stars . The cities of Buffalo, New York , Hartford, Connecticut , New Bedford, Massachusetts , New Haven, Connecticut , Springfield, Massachusetts and Worcester, Massachusetts also had representatives. Buffalo finished in first place. Bud Fowler ,

180-685: The International Association the first minor league ; others point out that the league was conceived as a rival to the National League , now thought of as the sole major league of the era. Statistics of players who competed in the International Association and other early non-major leagues, such as the New England League , are grouped as "Other" by the Baseball-Reference.com reference site. The Northwestern League of 1883–1884

198-478: The ball could possibly be hit to. Many of the best power hitters in baseball play in the outfield , where they do not have as constant involvement in fielding plays as other positions, especially before the institution of the designated hitter . For example, Babe Ruth was moved from pitcher to the outfield. Left fielders and right fielders are more often slow power hitters, and center fielders are usually fast base-runners and good defensive players. Center field

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216-521: The corner positions of right field and left field . Corner outfielders often have less speed than center fielders , but make up for this deficiency with their offensive play. The main differences between left and right fielders are, first, that left fielders handle more chances because right-handed pull hitters tend to hit balls to left; second, that right fielders typically have stronger arms; third, that right fielders are frequently (not always) slower and less agile defensively. Many left fielders have had

234-576: The first known African-American player in organized baseball, pitched for the Lynn club in 1878. The Buffalo Bisons , winners of the 1878 pennant, and the Syracuse Stars seriously hurt the International Association's chances at major league status when they joined the rival National League for the 1879 season. At the same time, the London Tecumsehs dropped out of the league, causing it to be renamed

252-399: The gaps and back up the other outfielders when balls are hit to them. Outfielders should also be able to read where the ball may be placed based on what the pitcher is throwing. They can tell what the pitcher is throwing by the middle infielders, second base and short stop, in which they show the numbers the catcher is giving to the pitcher behind their back to determine the pitch and tell where

270-432: The helm, the Maumees won 68 games, lost 64, and finished fourth in the nine-team league. Their top hitters were right fielder Ed Swartwood , who batted .327 with a slugging percentage of .444, and first sacker Werden, who had a .295 batting average and slugged .456. Egyptian Healy (22-21, 2.89) and Fred Smith (19-13, 3.27) led the pitching staff. At the end of the season, the team folded. They have no relationship to

288-403: The runner advances, if there are any runners on the bases . As an outfielder, they normally play behind the six players located in the field. By convention, each of the nine defensive positions in baseball is numbered. The outfield positions are 7 (left field), 8 (center field) and 9 (right field). These numbers are shorthand designations useful in baseball scorekeeping and are not necessarily

306-501: The same as the squad numbers worn on player uniforms. Outfielders named to the MLB All-Century Team are Hank Aaron , Ty Cobb , Joe DiMaggio , Mickey Mantle , Willie Mays , Stan Musial , Pete Rose , Babe Ruth , Ted Williams , Carl Yastrzemski , and Ken Griffey Jr. Players can be characterized as either corner outfielders or a center fielder . Corner outfielders are often slower and have less defensive value than

324-495: Was set at 25 cents. Visiting teams were guaranteed $ 75, plus half of the gate receipts when they exceeded that amount ($ 75). Pitcher Candy Cummings was the first president of the International Association, while also a player for the Lynn Live Oaks of Massachusetts in 1877. Jimmy Williams of Columbus served as the league's first Secretary. In 1877, the International Association featured teams based in: Final standings of

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