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64-448: After 30 months and 375,000 work hours, 112,000 bags of cement, 1200 tons of steel and the cost of 45 million  kr , Tjeldsund Bridge was opened by King Olav V on 22 August 1967. The bridge carries the European route E10 highway, connecting Harstad Municipality and Tjeldsund Municipality . It is part of a network of bridges that connect the islands of Vesterålen and Lofoten to

128-465: A commoner . They have two children, their elder child Märtha Louise and their younger child Haakon , who became heir apparent due to male-preference primogeniture . A keen sportsman, he represented Norway in sailing at the 1964 , 1968 , and 1972 Olympic Games , and later became patron of World Sailing . Harald was born at the Skaugum estate during the reign of his grandfather King Haakon VII and

192-491: A reigning state ruler of Malaysia . He was discharged on 3 March and was transported back to Norway on a medical evacuation flight to continue his recovery in a hospital, during which he would be on sick leave for two weeks. He received a permanent pacemaker on 12 March. Two days later, he was discharged but remained on sick leave. He resumed his duties on 22 April, with the royal household saying that his official activities would be reduced in light of his condition. The King

256-563: A few occasions: from December 2003 to mid-April 2004 due to urinary bladder cancer , from April to early June 2005 due to aortic stenosis , and in 2020 due to cardiac surgery (replacement of a heart valve ). Crown Prince Haakon served as the country's regent on these occasions, including giving the King's Speech at the State opening of parliament in 2020. When the King and Queen turned 80 years old in 2017,

320-691: A general of the Norwegian Army . During World War II , Olav stood by his father's side in resisting the German occupation of Norway . During the campaign he was a valuable advisor both to civilian and military leaders. When the Norwegian government decided to go into exile, he offered to stay behind with the Norwegian people, but this was declined. He reluctantly followed his father to the United Kingdom , where he and his staff and servants and aides continued to be

384-471: A government in office against the will of the Storting . Thus, in practice, his role was mostly representative in nature. Nonetheless, like his father before him, he commanded great moral authority as a symbol of the nation's unity. During the summer of 1990, the King suffered from health problems, but recovered somewhat during Christmas the same year. At the age of 87, on 17 January 1991, while residing in

448-575: A key advisor to the government-in-exile and his father. One source states that Olav helped "to build and lead a free fighting force" and made radio broadcasts" while in England. Olav made several visits to Norwegian and Allied troops in the United Kingdom, Canada and the United States. In 1944, he was appointed to the post of Norwegian Chief of Defence and after the war he led the Norwegian disarmament of

512-526: A pair of "royal testers" of roughly Olav's age. The car is a battery-powered, one-third size replica on a four-foot wheelbase, and is on permanent loan to the Norsk Teknisk Museum in Oslo. As Crown Prince, Olav had received extensive military training and had participated in most major Norwegian military exercises. Because of this he was perhaps one of the most knowledgeable Norwegian military leaders and

576-543: A public (state) school. His Confirmation took place on 10 May 1953 at the Chapel of Akershus Castle . Amidst this when he was only 17 years old in 1954, his mother died of cancer. The Crown Princess's death was a tremendous loss for him and his family as well as for Norway, and he named his daughter Märtha to honour her memory. Four years later in 1958 he would lose his maternal grandmother, Princess Ingeborg of Denmark . In 1955 he graduated from Oslo katedralskole and in

640-471: A respiratory infection. On 27 February, while on holiday in Malaysia , he was again hospitalized on the resort island of Langkawi ; he was admitted to the royal suites of Sultanah Maliha Hospital, a government hospital and the only major hospital on the island, and had a temporary pacemaker implanted due to a low heart rate. During his hospitalization, he was accorded protection and security similar to that of

704-807: Is a four-star general , an admiral , and formally the Supreme Commander of the Norwegian Armed Forces . The infantry battalion His Majesty the King's Guard are considered the King's and the Royal Family's bodyguards. They guard the Royal residences, including the Royal Palace , the Crown Prince Residence at Skaugum , and the Royal Mausoleum at Akershus Castle . The King is Grand Master of

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768-479: Is impossible for a King to keep a government in office against the will of Parliament . By convention, the King appoints the leader of the parliamentary bloc with the majority as prime minister. When the parliamentary situation is unclear, the King relies on the advice of the President of Parliament and the sitting prime minister. Unlike most constitutional monarchs, Harald does not have the power to dissolve Parliament;

832-659: Is in accordance not only with provisions of the Constitution, but with conventions established since the definitive establishment of parliamentary rule in Norway in 1884. His acts are not valid without the countersignature of a member of the Council of State (cabinet)–usually the Prime Minister –and proceedings of the Council of State are signed by all of its members. Although he nominally has

896-500: Is the King of Norway . A member of the House of Glücksburg , Harald was the third child and only son of King Olav V of Norway and Princess Märtha of Sweden . He was second in the line of succession at the time of his birth, behind his father. In 1940, as a result of the German occupation during World War II, the royal family went into exile. Harald spent part of his childhood in Sweden and

960-605: Is usually not given a number in the Norwegian list of kings , therefore Harald is 'only' numbered as Harald V . King Harald made the decision to use his grandfather's royal motto, " Alt for Norge ". The King also chose to continue the tradition of royal benediction , a tradition that had been introduced with his father , and was consecrated together with Queen Sonja in the Nidaros Cathedral on 23 June 1991. The reign of King Harald has been marked by modernization and reform for

1024-763: The British Army , Harald V was appointed an honorary general in 1994, and he was the final Colonel-in-Chief of the Green Howards . He is also an honorary Colonel in the British Royal Marines . He is patron of the Anglo-Norse Society in London , formerly together with Queen Elizabeth II , his second cousin. Harald is in the line of succession to the British throne , because of his descent from King Edward VII of

1088-512: The Bygdøy Royal Estate , the Royal Palace , the royal stables and Oscarshall have also taken place. The latter three have also been opened to the public and tourists. Together with Queen Sonja, the king has also for decades attempted to establish a palace museum in Oslo . While the Constitution vests the King with executive power, he is not politically responsible for exercising it. This

1152-472: The COVID-19 pandemic (January 2020 to March 2022), have been met with both national and international acclaim. In 2015, he became the world's first reigning monarch to visit Antarctica , specifically the Norwegian dependency Queen Maud Land . In 2016, King Harald V competed with a team for the sailing World Championships on Lake Ontario , Toronto . The king came second in the classic fleet category. He

1216-497: The Green Howards (Alexandra, Princess of Wales's Yorkshire Regiment) , the British regiment named for his grandmother Queen Alexandra . The King represented Norway extensively abroad during his reign, conducting state visits to both neighbouring countries and more distant destinations such as Ethiopia and Iran . King Olav V opened the 14th World Scout Jamboree in July 1975 in the presence of 17,259 Scouts from 94 countries. Although

1280-575: The Norwegian Royal family . The King has cooperated closely with Queen Sonja and the Crown Prince in making the royal household more open to the Norwegian public and the Norwegian media . King Harald's decision to accept two more commoners into the royal family, Crown Princess Mette-Marit and Ari Behn , has been interpreted as a sign of modernization and adjustment. Under King Harald and Queen Sonja's leadership, comprehensive renovation projects on

1344-1179: The 2021 NRK drama Atlantic Crossing . Ingeborg Lorentzen Ribeiro (b. 27 February 1957) Ragnhild Lorentzen Long (b. 8 May 1968) Christian Lorentzen (b. 23 May 1988) Sophia Lorentzen (b. 28 Jun 1994) Victoria Ribeiro Falcao (b. 19 December 1988) Alexandra Long (b. 14 December 2007) Elizabeth Long (b. 2011) Alice Falcao (b. 21 October 2022) Thomas Lorentzen (b. 2022) Salvador Lorentzen (b. 1 April 2023) Benedikte Ferner Stange (b. 27 September 1963) Alexander Ferner (b. 15 March 1965) Elisabeth Ferner Beckmann (b. 30 March 1969) Carl-Christian Ferner (b. 22 October 1972, Oslo) Madeleine Johansen (b. 7 March 1993) Edward Ferner (b. 28 March 1996) Stella Ferner (b. 23 April 1998) Benjamin Beckmann (b. 25 April 1999) Fay Ferner (b. 10 July 2018) Fam Ferner (b. 28 January 2021) Ferdinand Johansen (b. 2021) Crown Prince Haakon Magnus (b. 20 July 1973) Leah Behn (b. 8 April 2005) Emma Behn (b. 2008) Harald V of Norway Harald V ( Norwegian : Harald den femte , Norwegian pronunciation: [ˈhɑ̂rːɑɫ dɛn ˈfɛ̂mtə] ; born 21 February 1937)

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1408-605: The Constitution does not allow snap elections. The King meets with the Council of State at the Royal Palace every Friday. He also has weekly meetings with the Prime Minister and the Minister of Foreign Affairs . He receives foreign envoys, and formally opens parliament every October delivering a speech from the throne during each opening. He travels extensively throughout Norway and makes official state visits to other countries, as well as receiving and hosting guests. Until 2012,

1472-519: The Crown Princess and Prince Harald to be sent back to Norway so he could be proclaimed King by the Germans. After the King and Crown Prince had to leave Norway on 7 June they felt Sweden might not be the best place for the rest of the family, and started planning for them to go to the United States. On 17 August the Crown Princess and her children left for the United States from Petsamo , Finland, aboard

1536-716: The German occupying forces. On 13 May 1945 Crown Prince Olav and five government ministers returned to a liberated Norway. The arrival was documented in a newsreel by British Pathé News . His war decorations from other nations, including the War Crosses of Norway, France, Greece and the Netherlands, the US Legion of Merit and the French Médaille Militaire , are testament to the international recognition of his contribution to

1600-636: The King decided to open the former royal stables to the public as a gift to his wife, the Queen. The new venue was named The Queen Sonja Art Stable and is the first institution owned by the royal family which is permanently open to the public. King Harald was made Name of the Year by the newspaper VG in 2017. On 17 January 2021, King Harald celebrated 30 years on the Norwegian throne. On 11 September 2022, he visited Denmark to celebrate Margrethe II's Golden Jubilee . Harald

1664-556: The King of Norway was, according to the constitution, the formal head of the Church of Norway . The constitutional amendment of 21 May 2012 made the King no longer the formal head, but he is still required to be of the Evangelical Lutheran religion. On 8 May 2018, the King's constitutional status as holy was dissolved, while leaving his sovereign immunity intact. In 1994, both the King and Crown Prince Haakon played roles during

1728-512: The Norwegian throne when his father was elected King of Norway in 1905. He was the first heir to the Norwegian throne to be brought up in Norway since Olav IV in the fourteenth century, and his parents made sure he was given as Norwegian an upbringing as possible. In preparation for his future role, he attended both civilian and military schools. In 1929, he married his first cousin Princess Märtha of Sweden . During World War II his leadership

1792-552: The Royal Lodge Kongsseteren in Oslo , he became ill and died in the evening of a heart attack . An interview given by King Harald V and hints in a biography by Jo Benkow , who was the President of the Storting at that time, mention the possibility that King Olav suffered great trauma upon learning of the outbreak of the first Gulf War , which began on the day he died. Olav's son succeeded him as King Harald V . On

1856-531: The Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav and the Royal Norwegian Order of Merit . [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] In

1920-760: The South Portico of the White House in 1945. Such childhood experiences are reflected in a trace of an American accent when he speaks English. The Doris Kearns Goodwin book No Ordinary Time: Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt and the Home Front in World War II contains a picture of the King (then Prince) playing with FDR's dog, Fala , on the North Lawn of the White House in 1944. Harald visited Norwegian servicemen training in

1984-873: The United Kingdom. He is a Stranger Knight Companion of the Order of the Garter , an Honorary Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order , and a Recipient of the Royal Victorian Chain , as well as numerous other orders of chivalry. The mark ° shows honours mentioned on his official website page about decorations Harald V received an honorary degree of Doctor of Civil Law from Oxford University in 2006 (as did his father, King Olav, in 1937, and his grandfather, King Haakon, in 1943). The King also received honorary doctorates from Heriot-Watt University in Scotland in 1994,

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2048-549: The United States Army transport ship American Legion . Harald, his mother, and his sisters lived in Washington, D.C. and Scottsdale Arizona during the war, while his father, Crown Prince Olav, and his grandfather, King Haakon, stayed in London with the Norwegian government-in-exile. One of the notable events he remembers from that time is standing behind Franklin D. Roosevelt when he was sworn in for his fourth term on

2112-813: The United States in connection with the fiftieth anniversary of the American Scandinavian Foundation . An avid sailor, Harald represented Norway in the yachting events of the Summer Olympics in Tokyo in 1964 , Mexico City in 1968 , and Munich in 1972 . The Crown Prince carried the Norwegian flag at the opening parade of the 1964 Summer Olympics . Harald is an honorary president of the International Soling Association . Harald married Sonja Haraldsen at Oslo Domkirke in Oslo on 29 August 1968. The pair had dated for nine years, but Olav

2176-593: The United States. He returned to Norway in 1945, and subsequently studied for periods at the University of Oslo , the Norwegian Military Academy , and Balliol College, Oxford . Following the death of his grandfather King Haakon VII in 1957, Harald became crown prince as his father became king. Harald became king following his father's death in 1991. He married Sonja Haraldsen in 1968, their relationship having initially been controversial due to her status as

2240-468: The United States. The prince also made visits outside America, travelling north to visit Norwegian personnel at the training base " Little Norway " in Ontario, Canada. He attended The White Hall Country School from 1943. Prince Harald returned to Norway with his family at the war's end in 1945. In the autumn of 1945 he was enrolled in third grade of Smestad skole as the first member of the royal family to attend

2304-478: The autumn of that year, Harald began studies at the University of Oslo . He later attended the Cavalry Officers' Candidate School at Trandum , followed by enrollment at the Norwegian Military Academy , from which he graduated in 1959. On 21 September 1957 at the death of his grandfather, Harald became crown prince at the age of 20 and he attended the Council of State for the first time six days later and took

2368-421: The constitution nominally vested Olav with executive power, he was not responsible for exercising it. One source states that his "duties were largely ceremonial". His acts were not valid without the countersignature of a minister–usually the Prime Minister –who then became politically responsible for the act in question. He had the right to appoint the government, but in practice it was not possible for him to keep

2432-426: The death of his father on 17 January 1991, Harald succeeded to the Norwegian throne. He became the first Norwegian-born monarch since Olav IV died in 1387, a gap of 604 years. Harald is the sixth King of Norway to bear that name, and the first in 855 years. The five other kings who have borne the name are Harald Fairhair , Harald Greycloak , Harald Bluetooth , Harald Hardrada , and Harald Gille . Harald Bluetooth

2496-479: The disease in March 2022. Since the death of Elizabeth II in 2022, Harald is Europe's oldest hereditary reigning monarch, at the age of 87. Since 9 September 2024 he is the oldest monarch in over 1,150 years of Norwegian monarchy, living longer than his father Olav V , who died at the age of 87 years and 199 days. On 31 January 2024, the royal palace announced that King Harald was on "sick leave" until 2 February due to

2560-551: The eulogy at the funeral, before the casket was moved to Akershus Fortress where a private service was held. Olav was finally laid to rest next to his wife Märtha in the green sarcophagus of the Royal Mausoleum . King Olav's leadership during the Second World War made him a symbol of Norwegian independence and national unity. As King Olav's wife, Princess Märtha , died of cancer, the King Olav V's Prize for Cancer Research

2624-419: The fourth best score in his class. Olav then went on to study jurisprudence and economics for two years at Balliol College, Oxford . During the 1930s, Crown Prince Olav was a naval cadet serving on the minelayer/cadet training ship Olav Tryggvason . Olav moved up the ranks of the Norwegian armed forces, rising in the army from an initial rank of first lieutenant to captain in 1931 and colonel in 1936. He

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2688-609: The games. With his sailing crew he won World Championship bronze, silver and gold medals, in 1988, 1982 and 1987, respectively. In July 2005, the King and his crew aboard the royal sailboat Fram XV won the gold medal at the European Championships in Sweden. In the 2007 World Championship the King came in sixth place. King Harald's leadership during Norwegian national crises, such as the New Year's Day Storm (1992), July 2011 massacre , 2020 Gjerdrum landslide , and particularly

2752-460: The mainland of Norway. This article about a bridge in Norway is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Olav V of Norway Olav V ( Norwegian pronunciation: [ˈûːlɑːv dɛn ˈfɛ̂mtə] ; born Prince Alexander of Denmark ; 2 July 1903 – 17 January 1991) was King of Norway from 1957 until his death in 1991. Olav was the only child of King Haakon VII of Norway and Maud of Wales . He became heir apparent to

2816-501: The night of 10 April, but although Crown Princess Märtha was Swedish-born, they encountered problems at the border station. According to Princess Astrid and others who were present, they were admitted only after the driver threatened to ram the border gate. Another account does not describe the escape so dramatically. However, when the King and Crown Prince inquired of Swedish foreign minister Christian Günther whether they could sleep one night in Sweden without being interned, their request

2880-557: The night of his death and for several days up until the state funeral, Norwegians mourned publicly, lighting hundreds of thousands of candles in the courtyard outside the Royal Palace in Oslo, with letters and cards placed amongst them. The National Archives have preserved all these cards. The state funeral of King Olav V was held on 30 January 1991. During the funeral procession from the Royal Palace to Oslo Cathedral , over 100,000 people lined up along Karl Johans gate to pay their respects. Prime Minister Gro Harlem Brundtland gave

2944-479: The oath to the Constitution of Norway on 21 February 1958. In the same year, he also served as regent in the King's absence for the first time. In 1960, Harald entered Balliol College, Oxford where he studied history, economics and politics. He was a keen rower during his student days at Oxford and was taught to row by fellow student and friend Nick Bevan , later a leading British school rowing coach. In 1960, he also made his first official journey abroad, visiting

3008-536: The opening ceremony of the Lillehammer Olympics . The King opened the games, while the Crown Prince lit the cauldron , paying tribute to both the King and his grandfather as Olympians. The King has also represented Norway at opening ceremonies of Olympic Games, among them Torino and Beijing . However, he was not present in Vancouver ; the Crown Prince attended instead, with the King and Queen attending later in

3072-599: The population of Norway was at the time 4 million. For his athletic ability and role as King, Olav earned the Holmenkollen medal in 1968, the Medal for Outstanding Civic Achievement in 1970 and was made Name of the Year in 1975. He had a strong interest in military matters and took his role as titular Commander-in-Chief very seriously. As well as his ceremonial roles in the Norwegian Army, he also served as Colonel-in-Chief of

3136-413: The power of veto, no Norwegian king has exercised it since the dissolution of the union with Sweden in 1905. Even then, the King's veto power is suspensive, not absolute as is the case with British monarchs. A royal veto can be overridden if the Storting passes the same bill following a general election. While the Constitution nominally vests the King with the power to appoint the government, in practice it

3200-546: The public lanes, even though as a monarch he was allowed to drive in bus lanes. When driving was restricted during the 1973 energy crisis , King Olav – who could have driven legally – wanted to lead by example; while preparing for a skiing trip, he dressed up in his skiing outfit and boarded the Holmenkollbanen suburban railway carrying his skis on his shoulder. When later asked how he dared to go out in public without bodyguards, he replied that "he had 4 million bodyguards" –

3264-431: The royal children lived in Washington, D.C. , where she struck up a close friendship with Franklin D. Roosevelt . She died in 1954, before her husband ascended the throne. The British Film Institute houses an early film, made in 1913, in which a miniature car (a "baby Cadillac") commissioned by Queen Alexandra for Crown Prince Olav tows a procession of Londoners through the streets of the capital, before being delivered to

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3328-432: The time of Harald's birth, he was second in line of succession to the Norwegian throne following his father, Crown Prince Olav . In 1940 the entire royal family had to flee Oslo because of the German invasion . It was deemed safer for the family to split up. The King and Crown Prince Olav would remain in Norway and the Crown Princess was to make her way to Sweden with the three children. The latter party reached Sweden on

3392-464: The war against Hitler . Haakon was injured in an accident in 1955; his son Olav served as regent until his death. Haakon died at the Royal Palace in Oslo on 21 September 1957. He was 85 years old. After his death, Olav succeeded him as Olav V. Olav reigned as a "People's King," and became extremely popular, despite the fact that he had no queen consort (his wife, Märtha of Sweden , died in 1954). He liked to drive his own cars, and would drive in

3456-566: Was an accomplished athlete. Olav jumped from the Holmenkollen ski jump in Oslo and competed in sailing regattas. He won a gold medal in sailing at the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam and remained an active sailor into old age. On 21 March 1929 in Oslo, he married his first cousin Princess Märtha of Sweden with whom he had two daughters, Ragnhild and Astrid and one son, Harald . As exiles during World War II , Crown Princess Märtha and

3520-506: Was baptised in the Royal Chapel of the Royal Palace in Oslo on 31 March 1937 by Bishop Johan Lunde. His godparents were: his paternal grandparents King Haakon VII and Queen Maud of Norway ; his maternal grandparents Prince Carl and Princess Ingeborg of Sweden ; his maternal uncle King Leopold III of Belgium ; Queen Mary and King George VI of the United Kingdom ; and Crown Princess Ingrid of Denmark . His parents already had two daughters, Princess Ragnhild and Princess Astrid . At

3584-400: Was born as Prince Alexander Edward Christian Frederik in Appleton House on the royal Sandringham Estate , Flitcham , United Kingdom. His parents were Prince Carl , second son of Crown Prince Frederick of Denmark (later King Frederick VIII) , and Princess Maud , youngest daughter of King Edward VII of the United Kingdom , who was the eldest son of Britain's Queen Victoria . In 1905, Carl

3648-450: Was dubbed "Sailor-King" by Canada's National Post as he slept on board his yacht Sira . In 2016 Harald, in a speech marking 25 years on the throne, sought to unify Norwegians coming from Afghanistan and Pakistan as well as "girls who love girls, boys who love boys and girls and boys who love each other." Since the start of the twenty-first century, King Harald has been unable to perform his duties as sovereign due to ill health on

3712-453: Was elected King of Norway and took the name Haakon VII. The king gave his two-year-old son the Norwegian name Olav after Olav Haakonsson , king of Norway and Denmark. Olav was thus the first heir to the throne since the Middle Ages to have been raised in Norway. Unlike his father, who was a naval officer, Olav chose to complete his main military education in the army. He graduated from the three-year Norwegian Military Academy in 1924, with

3776-413: Was established in 1992. A 2005 poll by the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation named King Olav " Norwegian of the Century ". Viktor Andersen portrayed the two-year-old Prince Alexander (Olav) in the 2009 NRK drama series Harry & Charles . Actor Anders Baasmo Christiansen was chosen to portray Crown Prince Olav in the 2016 drama The King's Choice while Tobias Santelmann portrayed Olav in

3840-423: Was hospitalized in August 2022 with a fever, being again admitted to hospital that December for an infection. He was also hospitalized for an infection once again in May 2023 just before Constitution Day . On 15 September 2023 he also attended the celebrations of Carl XVI Gustaf's Golden Jubilee in Stockholm , Sweden . In October 2023, Harald tested positive for coronavirus , having previously tested positive for

3904-400: Was much appreciated and he was appointed Norwegian Chief of Defence in 1944. Olav became king following the death of his father in 1957. Owing to his considerate, down-to-earth style, King Olav was immensely popular, resulting in the nickname Folkekongen ('The People's King'). In a 2005 poll by the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation , Olav was voted " Norwegian of the Century ". Olav

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3968-442: Was refused. Harald spent the following days in Sälen before moving to Prince Carl Bernadotte 's home in Frötuna on 16 April. On 26 April the group moved to Drottningholm in Stockholm . King Gustaf V has been accounted to have had an amicable relationship with his Norwegian guests, but the topic of the war in Norway was not to be raised. However, influential Swedish politicians, including Minister of Justice Westman , wanted

4032-413: Was reluctant to allow his son to marry a commoner . Olav only relented when Harald told his father that if he was not allowed to marry Sonja he would not marry at all. This would have ended the reign of his family and the Norwegian monarchy, as Harald was the sole heir to the throne. The couple had two children, Princess Märtha Louise and Crown Prince Haakon , heir apparent to the Norwegian throne. On

4096-400: Was respected by other Allied leaders for his knowledge and leadership skills. During a visit to the United States before the war, he and his wife had established a close relationship with President Roosevelt. These factors would prove to be important for the Norwegian fight against the attacking German forces . In 1939, Crown Prince Olav was appointed an admiral of the Royal Norwegian Navy and

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