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30-485: Tinos is famous amongst Greeks for the Church of Panagia Evangelistria , its 80 or so windmills , about 1,000 artistic dovecotes, 50 active villages and its Venetian fortifications at the mountain, Exomvourgo . On Tinos, both Greek Orthodox and Catholic populations co-exist, and the island is also well known for its sculptors and painters, such as Nikolaos Gysis , Yannoulis Chalepas and Nikiforos Lytras . The island

60-732: A fiefdom of the Venetian brothers Jeremie and Andre Ghisi following the partition of the Byzantine Empire after the fall of Constantinople during the Fourth Crusade . In 1390, after the death of Batholomew III Ghisi, the Venetian Republic assumed direct control and further fortified the mountain. The island fell to the Ottoman admiral Hayreddin Barbarossa in 1537 but was recaptured by

90-549: A varied landscape. From the shores of Panormos and Kolimbithra on the North Shore to Kionia, Agios Yannis O Portos, and Agios Sostis on the Southern Shore, Tinos has many beaches. Tsiknias is the highest mountain on the island at 750 metres (2,460 feet) and hides the village of Livada. The mountain of Exobourgo is quite distinct, and unlike its more rounded Cycladic neighbors, has a jagged appearance that would be more at home in

120-740: A vast number of donations in silver and gold votives each year; these are auctioned and used for charities. The church is officially dedicated to the Annunciation of the Virgin Mary. The major feast of the church, however, is on 15 August when the Dormition of the Virgin Mary ( Theotokos ) is commemorated by the Greek Orthodox Church , following the strong tradition of the Aegean Islands where

150-685: Is a heliport close to Aghios Fokas beach, some 2 kilometres (1 mile) from the town of Tinos. There are regular buses linking the town of Tinos with other villages on the island. [REDACTED]  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain :  Smith, William , ed. (1854–1857). "Tenos". Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography . London: John Murray. Our Lady of Tinos Our Lady of Tinos ( Greek : Παναγία Ευαγγελίστρια της Τήνου , Panagía Evangelístria tēs Tēnou , lit.  "The All-Holy Bringer of Good News", and Μεγαλόχαρη της Τήνου , Megalócharē tēs Tēnou , lit.  "She of Great Grace")

180-554: Is a mountain on the island of Tinos . Unlike the other mountains in the Cyclades , it has a rugged appearance and is the site of a ruined Venetian fortress and town. Exomvourgo is not the highest mountain on the island—that is Tsiknias —but is in a central location ringed by many small villages such as Tripotamos and Falatados and can be climbed from several of these. The walk up from Iera Kardia Iisou takes around 20 minutes. The former Exomvourgos municipality shares its name with

210-466: Is commonly referred to as the " Megalócharē " ("[She of] Great Grace") or simply the " Chárē Tēs " ("Her Grace"). By extension the church is often called the same, and is considered a protectress of seafarers and healer of the infirm. The icon was found on the very first days after the creation of the modern Greek State , henceforth Our Lady of Tinos was declared the patron saint of the Greek nation . The icon

240-456: Is connected to its nearest neighbors by stone walkways set between a parallel set of stone walls. The island's mineral resources include marble, Verde antico, asbestos and a granite mine near Volax (also known as Volakas). Tinos is a separate regional unit of the South Aegean region, and the only municipality of the regional unit. As a part of the 2011 Kallikratis government reform ,

270-615: Is located near the geographical center of the Cyclades island complex, and because of the Panagia Evangelistria church, with its reputedly miraculous icon of Virgin Mary that it holds, Tinos is also the center of a yearly pilgrimage that takes place on the date of the Dormition of the Virgin Mary (15 August, Dekapentavgoustos in Greek). Many pilgrims make their way the 800 metres (2,600 feet) from

300-537: Is the major Marian shrine in Greece . It is located in the town of Tinos on the island of Tinos . The complex is built around a miraculous icon which according to tradition was found after the Virgin appeared to the nun Pelagia and revealed to her the place where the icon was buried. The icon is widely believed to be the source of numerous miracles. It is by now almost completely encased in silver, gold, and jewels, and

330-519: The Greek exo apo to bourgo meaning "outside the burg ". The church of Iera Kardia Iisou (Sacred Heart of Jesus) is on the slopes of the mountain, it is now a Catholic monastery . The church has a complicated history: originally the Cathedral of Saint Sofia stood within the walls of the fortress but after its destruction the Jesuit monks moved into a small church outside the walls and began to build

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360-450: The Alps. Between Tsiknias and Exobourgo lies the fruitful plain of Falatados. This area is unique on the island as its relatively flat terrain (albeit with an elevation of about 300 metres (980 feet)) is rare on the island. This made it a strong candidate for a proposed airport on the island. The Meltemi winds and concerns of local villagers of the towns of Falatados, and Steni have all but halted

390-707: The Dormition is grandly celebrated in mid-August as the principal summer feast. The second finding of the icon took place on December 18, 1842, according to the Old Church Orthodox calendar in force until 1924 in Greece, corresponding to 31 December in the current civil calendar. 37°32′33″N 25°09′46″E  /  37.5426°N 25.1627°E  / 37.5426; 25.1627 Exobourgo Exomvourgo or Exobourgo ( Greek : Εξώμβουργο/Εξώμπουργκο , pronounced [eˈksomvurɣo] / [eˈksoburɡo] )

420-501: The Feast of the Dormition. One of the three torpedoes fired hit the Elli under the one operating boiler and she caught fire and sank. Nine petty officers and sailors were killed and 24 were wounded. The same submarine attempted to torpedo the passenger ships M/V Elsi and M/V Hesperos anchored in the port. This attempt failed and the torpedoes only damaged a section of the port's wharf. Tinos has

450-611: The Greeks who had fought at the Battle of Plataea . The Tenians afterwards formed part of the Delian League , and are mentioned among the subject allies of Athens at the time of the Sicilian expedition. They paid a yearly tribute of 3600 drachmae, from which it may be inferred that they enjoyed a considerable share of prosperity. Alexander of Pherae took possession of Tenos for a time; and the island

480-567: The Tenians were compelled to serve in the Persian fleet; but a Tenian trireme deserted to the Greeks immediately before the Battle of Salamis (480 BCE), and accordingly the name of the Tenians was inscribed upon the tripod at Delphi in the list of Grecian states which had overthrown the Persians. Pausanias relates that the name of the Tenians was also inscribed on the statue of Zeus at Olympia among

510-520: The Venetians in 1538. The fortress was then further expanded until it featured 600 m long ramparts and towers facing in all directions. In this era the town inside the castle had a population of 1000-2000 and contained 677 houses, 5 churches and some storage areas and reservoirs . In 1570 a force of 8,000 Ottoman troops and several cannons, commanded by Canum Pasha , besieged the mountain, but were successfully repulsed. Further failed attempts to capture

540-470: The coast. Under Byzantine rule a fortress, later named by the Venetians Castello di Santa Elena after a chapel on the summit, was built on the mountain and Exomvourgo functioned as the island's capital. The mountain was the site of a fortress and town functioning as the administrative centre of the island from 1207 when the island, along with Andros , Skiathos , Skopelos and Skyros became

570-553: The coasts of Syria. On 27 July 1826, Cambrian ' s boats captured a pirate bombard and burnt a mistico on Tinos. Five pirates were killed and several wounded. The date of 15 August also commemorates the 1940 sinking in Tinos's harbour of the Greek cruiser Elli , during peacetime, while she rode at anchor, by the Italian submarine Delfino . The Elli was participating in the celebrations of

600-421: The ferry wharf to the church on their hands and knees as sign of devotion. Anciently, the island was called Tenos ( Ancient Greek : Τῆνος ), and was also called Hydroussa / Hydroessa (Ὑδροῦσσα, Ὑδρόεσσα) from the number of its springs, and Ophioussa (Ὀφιοῦσσα) because it abounded in snakes. The sons of Boreas are said to have been slain in this island by Heracles . In the invasion of Greece by Xerxes I ,

630-513: The fortress being regarded as unconquerable and seeming secure against the invaders the commander of the fortress negotiated terms and surrendered. The terms allowed all the Venetians on the island to leave with the Greeks forced to stay. The commander and his officers were accused of " treason after bribery " by the Venetian Republic and sentenced to death by swallowing liquid silver /having liquid silver poured on their bodies Bernardo Balbi

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660-461: The fortress were made in 1655, 1658, 1661, and 1684. By 1700 the fortifications were not in a good state and the fortress was only manned by 14 soldiers. The Venetians remained in charge until 1715 during the last Ottoman–Venetian war when, long after the rest of the Cyclades had fallen to the Turks, it was besieged by a Turkish force of 65 warships and 74 transports carrying 25,000 soldiers. Despite

690-702: The island you come across the etesians (also known as meltemi winds) — the strong, dry north winds of the Aegean Sea, which blow from about mid-May to mid-September. They are at their strongest in the afternoon and often die down at night, but sometimes meltemi winds last for days without a break. Meltemi winds are dangerous to sailors because they come up in clear weather without warning and can blow at 7-8 Beaufort. Tinos has three ports, one for passenger speed boats, and two for ferries and highspeed boats which carry passengers and cars to other ports, including Mykonos (35 min), Piraeus , Rafina , Andros and Syros . There

720-485: The mountain. Remains dating from the Copper Age have been found near Exomvourgo and Geometric period and 5-6th century BC remains have been found at archaeological excavations at the mountain's southern foot including a temple of Demeter . A large wall from an Ionian town dating from 1100 BC is sited southwest of Exomvourgo. In the fourth century BC the island's administrative centre moved back from Exomvourgo to

750-414: The project. The landscape around Volax is surreal and unusual with giant boulders some the size of multi-storey buildings. The village of Volax lies at the center of this landscape. To the west, the mountains surrounding Pyrgos contain green marble . All around the island of Tinos, the islanders have made the most unusual things out of stone. The hills are all terraced with stone walls and every village

780-463: The rector (governor) of the island, was transferred to Venice and sentenced to life imprisonment for cowardice. The Ottomans almost completely dismantled the fortress and the town inside it within a period of 3 days. The town on the mountain was previously known as Tinos ( Tine or Tino to the Venetians) with the current town of Tinos previously known as San Nicolò. The name Exomvourgo derives from

810-537: The regional unit Tinos was created out of part of the former Cyclades Prefecture . At the same reform, the current municipality Tinos was created out of the 3 former municipalities: The province of Tinos ( Greek : Επαρχία Τήνου ) was one of the provinces of the Cyclades Prefecture. It had the same territory as the present regional unit. It was abolished in 2006. Tinos experiences a Mediterranean climate and has warm and dry summers and mild and wet winters. In

840-449: Was afterwards granted by Marcus Antonius to the Rhodians . Following the capture of Constantinople by the Fourth Crusade , Tinos was one of several islands ruled by private Venetian citizens and belonged to Andrea Ghisi , whose heirs held it until 1390 when the last member of the family branch bequeathed both Tinos and Mykonos to Venice. It was ruled by Venice until 1715, when Tinos

870-648: Was at the time thought to be the handwork of St. Luke the Evangelist, and a nationwide fund collection was carried out for the building of a church to house it. The church was designed by the architect from Tinos, Efstratios Kalonaris in the Renaissance style and was inaugurated in 1830. Since then it constitutes the major Christian pilgrimage in Greece, akin to Lourdes in France or Fatima in Portugal. The church receives

900-592: Was captured by the Ottoman Empire (see Ottoman–Venetian War ). It was known as İstendil during Ottoman era. The Ottomans held Tinos until 1821 when the inhabitants joined in the Greek War of Independence . The tumult of the period gave rise to an increase in piracy in the region. In 1825 HMS  Cambrian was the lead vessel of a small squadron in anti-piracy operations in the Archipelago , at Alexandria, and around

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