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20-681: The county comprises the upper valley of the Bum-chu or Arun River , with the valleys of its tributaries, the valleys of the Rongshar Tsangpo and the Lapchi Gang Tsanpo which flow south into Nepal . It is bordered on the south by the main range of the Himalayas , including Mount Everest (Tib. Chomolungma), Makalu and Cho Oyu . The present county administration is located at Shelkar , about 87 km (54 mi) east of Tingri (town) . Tingri

40-399: A broad "shadow" of dry climate region behind the mountain crests . This climate typically takes the form of shrub–steppe , xeric shrublands or even deserts . The condition exists because warm moist air rises by orographic lifting to the top of a mountain range. As atmospheric pressure decreases with increasing altitude, the air has expanded and adiabatically cooled to the point that

60-703: Is a trans-boundary river that is part of the Koshi or Sapta Koshi river system in Nepal . It originates in the Tibet Autonomous Region of the People's Republic of China where it is called the Phung Chu or Bum-chu . In Tibet, the river is called Bum-chu , also transliterated Phung-Chu or from Chinese as Peng Qu or Pumqu . The Men Qu or Moinqu is an upper tributary draining glaciers from Shishapangma . In Nepal ,

80-598: Is caused by the location of more than 80 percent of the Arun's drainage area in the rain shadow of the Himalayas . Average annual rainfall in Tibet is about 300 millimetres (12 in). The river leaves the Tibet region at a height of about 3,500 metres (11,500 ft) and crosses the main Himalayan ranges. Leaving their rain shadow, the river's flow increases substantially in the monsoonal climate of east Nepal. The landscape south of

100-796: Is known as Sapta Koshi because of the seven rivers which join in east-central Nepal to form this river. The main rivers forming the Koshi system are – the Sun Koshi , the Indravati River , the Bhoté Koshi , the Dudh Koshi , the Arun River, Barun River , and Tamur River . The combined river flows through the Chatra Gorge in a southerly direction to emerge from the hills. The Sun Koshi contributes 44 per cent of

120-503: Is one of the four counties (the other three being Dinjie , Nyalam , and Kyirong ) that comprise the Qomolangma National Nature Preserve , a protected area spanning 3.381 million hectares. Tingri County is divided into 2 towns and 11 townships. This Shigatse , Tibet location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Arun River, Tibet-Nepal The Arun River ( Nepali : अरुण नदी )

140-706: The Southern Hemisphere . The westerlies are the prevailing winds in the middle latitudes between 30 and 60 degrees latitude , blowing predominantly from the southwest in the Northern Hemisphere and from the northwest in the Southern Hemisphere. Some of the strongest westerly winds in the middle latitudes can come in the Roaring Forties of the Southern Hemisphere, between 30 and 50 degrees latitude. Examples of notable rain shadowing include: On

160-676: The Bum-chu and the lateral valleys formed by its tributaries, the foremost of which are Lolo-chu, Shel-chu, Rongpu-chu, Trakar-chu, Kharda-chu , Ra-chu Tsangpo, and Langkor Gya-chu. The Yeru Tsanpo converges with Bum-chu in Tingkye County , which accommodates the lower Bum-chu valley. Another river that meets Bum-chu is Trakar-chu. The river flows past the town of Kharda , gateway to the Khangzhung east face of Mount Everest . The force of its accumulated waters carves its way, south of Drengtrang, through

180-746: The West Coast: Most rain shadows in the western United States are due to the Sierra Nevada mountains in California and Cascade Mountains , mostly in Oregon and Washington . The Colorado Front Range is limited to precipitation that crosses over the Continental Divide . While many locations west of the Divide may receive as much as 1,000 millimetres (40 in) of precipitation per year, some places on

200-484: The air reaches its adiabatic dew point (which is not the same as its constant pressure dew point commonly reported in weather forecasts). At the adiabatic dew point, moisture condenses onto the mountain and it precipitates on the top and windward sides of the mountain. The air descends on the leeward side, but due to the precipitation it has lost much of its moisture. Typically, descending air also gets warmer because of adiabatic compression (as with foehn winds) down

220-580: The basin alone. The northern third of the Nepalese portion of the Arun basin supports a rich, though human-modified, forest of mixed hardwoods , Chir pine , fir , and rhododendron at elevations of over 1,000 metres (3,300 ft). The vegetation in the southern two-thirds of the area has been extensively modified for subsistence agriculture. Most of the half million people in the Arun basin live in this southern area between 300 metres (980 ft) and 1,000 metres (3,300 ft) in widely scattered villages near

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240-410: The border tends to be steep with less than 15 percent of the area having a sustained slope of less than 15° and is strongly dissected by stream channels. Many of the hill slopes are structurally unstable, and the region is seismically active. The August 1988 Nepal earthquake , with an epicentre around 50 km south of the Arun basin, had a moment magnitude of 6.9 and resulted in more than 100 deaths in

260-464: The eastern side, notably the cities of Denver and Pueblo, Colorado , typically receive only about 12 to 19 inches. Thus, the Continental Divide acts as a barrier for precipitation. This effect applies only to storms traveling west-to-east. When low pressure systems skirt the Rocky Mountains and approach from the south, they can generate high precipitation on the eastern side and little or none on

280-770: The largest scale, the entirety of the North American Interior Plains are shielded from the prevailing Westerlies carrying moist Pacific weather by the North American Cordillera . More pronounced effects are observed, however, in particular valley regions within the Cordillera, in the direct lee of specific mountain ranges. This includes much of the Basin and Range Province in the United States and Mexico . The Pacific Coast Ranges create rain shadows near

300-461: The leeward side of the mountain, which increases the amount of moisture that it can absorb and creates an arid region. There are regular patterns of prevailing winds found in bands round Earth's equatorial region. The zone designated the trade winds is the zone between about 30° N and 30° S, blowing predominantly from the northeast in the Northern Hemisphere and from the southeast in

320-413: The main chain of the Himalayas directly between the mountain massifs of Makalu and Kangchenjunga into Nepal. Since the river's elevation is about 3,500 metres (11,500 ft) at the border, while Makalu and Kangchenjunga are both about 8,500 metres (27,900 ft), the valley is some 5,000 metres (16,000 ft) deep, one of the world's deepest. The Koshi or Sapta Koshi drains eastern Nepal. It

340-480: The moist air is driven upslope towards the peak , where it expands, cools, and its moisture condenses and starts to precipitate . If the landforms are tall and wide enough, most of the humidity will be lost to precipitation over the windward side (also known as the rainward side) before ever making it past the top. As the air descends the leeward side of the landforms, it is compressed and heated, producing foehn winds that absorb moisture downslope and cast

360-564: The river's name changes to Arun . The Tibetan name Bum-chu may refer to a religious ceremony attempting to divine prospects for the coming year from the level of water in a pot or well, chu is the Tibetan word for water. The river originates near Gutso in Nyalam County of Tibet. Around 17 kilometres (11 mi) downstream, the Men-chu joins it. The Tingri county occupies the upper reaches of

380-431: The slopes they farm. Rain shadow A rain shadow is an area of significantly reduced rainfall behind a mountainous region, on the side facing away from prevailing winds , known as its leeward side. Evaporated moisture from water bodies (such as oceans and large lakes ) is carried by the prevailing onshore breezes towards the drier and hotter inland areas. When encountering elevated landforms ,

400-512: The total water in the Sapta Koshi, the Arun 37 per cent and the Tamur 19 per cent. The Arun is the largest trans-Himalayan river passing through Nepal and also has the greatest snow and ice-covered area of any Nepalese river basin. The Arun drains more than half of the area contributing to the Sapta Koshi river system but provides only about a quarter of the total discharge. This apparent contradiction

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