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45-446: Tiel is the largest town in the Betuwe area, which is famous for being one of the centres of Dutch fruit production. Orchards in the area produce apples , pears , plums and cherries . Tiel once housed the famous jam factory De Betuwe . After production was moved to Breda in 1993, the entire complex was demolished, although a part was reconstructed later. Reminding of this industry is

90-573: A jam manufacturing museum and a statue of Flipje , the raspberry-based comic figure who starred in De Betuwe's, jam factory advertisements since the 1930s. Originally located on the Linge river Tiel became an important centre of trade in the early Middle Ages, especially after the demise of Dorestad in the 9th century. Tiel had two big churches, one of which, the St. Walburg, was a collegiate church that belonged to

135-570: A more detailed description he writes: The island of the Batavi was the appointed rendezvous because of its easy landing-places, and its convenience for receiving the army and carrying the war across the river. For the Rhine after flowing continuously in a single channel or encircling merely insignificant islands, divides itself, so to say, where the Batavian territory begins, into two rivers, retaining its name and

180-497: A part of the Chatti , a tribe in Germany never mentioned by Caesar, who were forced by internal dissension to move to their new home. Tacitus also reports that before their arrival the area had been "an uninhabited district on the extremity of the coast of Gaul , and also of a neighbouring island, surrounded by the ocean in front, and by the river Rhine in the rear and on either side". In

225-681: A pre-Roman and pre-Germanic population, apparently already called the Batavians. Caesar indeed had not only implied the existence of pre-Roman Batavians, but also mentioned that the Belgic Menapii of the Flemish coast had settlements stretching as far as the beginning of the delta, near the modern border with Germany. During the Roman Empire there was a civitas of the Batavians , a Germanic tribe. It

270-527: A short-lived Batavian Republic . The name Batavia was also taken to the colonies such as the Dutch East Indies , where they renamed the city of Jayakarta to become Batavia from 1619 until about 1942, when its name was changed to Djakarta (short for the former name Jayakarta, later respelt Jakarta; see: History of Jakarta ). The name was also used in Suriname , where they founded Batavia, Suriname , and in

315-620: A total length of 925 km (575 miles). From 1301, the upper Meuse roughly marked the western border of the Holy Roman Empire with the Kingdom of France , after Count Henry III of Bar had to receive the western part of the County of Bar ( Barrois mouvant ) as a French fief from the hands of King Philip IV . In 1408, a Burgundian army led by John the Fearless went to the aid of John III against

360-538: Is a historical and geographical region in the Netherlands , forming large fertile islands in the river delta formed by the waters of the Rhine (Dutch: Rijn ) and Meuse (Dutch: Maas ) rivers. During the Roman Empire , it was an important frontier region and source of imperial soldiers. Its name is possibly pre-Roman. Administratively, the modern version, Betuwe, is a part of the modern province of Gelderland and although

405-599: Is the most famous island of the Batavi and the Canninefates". Its later Roman history is attested by Ammianus Marcellinus who mentions the Frankish Salians as a people living there. Zosimus is the only classical author who claims that they had first crossed the Rhine during the Roman upheavals and subsequent Germanic breakthrough in 260 AD. Both authors agree that from Batavia they were pushed south, into Toxandria . In

450-507: The Betuweroute , passes through the Betuwe. It was opened in 2007 after many years of controversy. The Betuwe region is divided into nine municipalities : Lingewaard , Arnhem (southern part), Nijmegen (northern part), Overbetuwe , Neder-Betuwe , Buren , Tiel , Culemborg and West Betuwe . The region is characterised by its many orchards, and is for centuries known as the fruit garden of

495-569: The Carolingian and Ottonian periods in the early Middle Ages , Batavia, called Batua by the Franks , was an example of a Frankish gau that was based on much older Roman pagi . Several counts are recorded as having their counties there, and it is mentioned in the treaties such as the Treaty of Meerssen , that divided up Europe among the different Frankish kingdoms. Later, it was mainly absorbed into

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540-764: The Langres plateau in France from where it flows northwards past Sedan (the head of navigation ) and Charleville-Mézières into Belgium. At Namur it is joined by the Sambre . Beyond Namur the Meuse winds eastwards and passes Liège before turning north. The river then forms part of the Belgian-Dutch border, except that at Maastricht the border lies further to the west. In the Netherlands it continues northwards through Venlo closely along

585-896: The Middle Ages , have been found. The oldest artifacts can be traced back to 2500 BCE . One of the most interesting finds was a glass bead which is the oldest ever discovered in the Netherlands . The archeologists think it originated in Mesopotamia , modern day Iraq . The group assumes that the Bronze Age inhabitants of this area had contact with groups more than 3,000 miles away. The archaeologists also discovered offerings like animal skeletons , human skulls and bronze spearheads. Betuwe Betuwe ( Dutch pronunciation: [ˈbeːtyu.ə] ), also known in English as Batavia ( / b ə ˈ t eɪ v i ə / bə- TAY -vee-ə ),

630-715: The Oude Maasje . In the late 19th century and early 20th century the connection between the Maas and Rhine was closed off and the Maas was given a new, artificial mouth – the Bergse Maas . The resulting separation of the rivers Rhine and Maas reduced the risk of flooding and was considered to be the greatest achievement in Dutch hydraulic engineering before the completion of the Zuiderzee Works and Delta Works . The former main branch was, after

675-627: The Teutonic Knights and vanished after the Reformation while the other church, the St. Maarten, became Protestant. Much of the historic centre was destroyed during the Second World War . Every year, on the third Saturday in September, a festival known as Fruitcorso is held to celebrate the fruit harvest from the Betuwe area. On this day, a parade of wagons, decorated with fruit, travels through

720-450: The sillon industriel , was the first fully industrialized area in continental Europe. The Afgedamde Maas was created in the late Middle Ages, when a major flood made a connection between the Maas and the Merwede at the town of Woudrichem . From that moment on, the current Afgedamde Maas was the main branch of the lower Meuse. The former main branch eventually silted up and is today called

765-632: The Meuse basin was one of the many regions in Europe to experience catastrophic flooding during the 2021 European floods . The name Meuse is derived from the French name of the river, derived from its Latin name, Mosa , which ultimately derives from the Celtic or Proto-Celtic name * Mosā . This probably derives from the same root as English " maze ", referring to the river's twists and turns. The Dutch name Maas descends from Middle Dutch Mase , which comes from

810-597: The Meuse but pumps running water into the Meuse). Most of the basin area (approximately 36,000 km ) is in Wallonia (12,000 km ), followed by France (9,000 km ), the Netherlands (8,000 km ), Germany (2,000 km ), Flanders (2,000 km ) and Luxembourg (a few km ). An International Commission on the Meuse has the responsibility of the implementation of the treaty. The costs of this Commission are met by all these countries, in proportion of their own territory in

855-440: The Meuse has been relatively stable over the last few thousand years. One recent study estimates that average flow has increased by about 10% since 2000 BC. The hydrological distribution of the Meuse changed during the later Middle Ages, when a major flood forced it to shift its main course northwards towards the river Merwede . From then on several stretches of the original Merwede were renamed "Maas" (i.e. Meuse) and served as

900-418: The Meuse is bypassed by the 36 km (22.4 mi) Juliana Canal . South of Namur, further upstream, the river can only carry more modest vessels, although a barge as long as 100 m (328 ft). can still reach the French border town of Givet. From Givet, the river is canalized over a distance of 272 kilometres (169 mi). The canalized Meuse used to be called the "Canal de l'Est — Branche Nord" but

945-463: The Netherlands" is an ancient site that is over 4,000 years old. The structure shows a similarity to Stonehenge in southern England ; so it was dubbed "Stonehenge of the Netherlands" by the local media. It was used as a burial mound and for religious practices. It is located in Tiel , Netherlands, and its excavation started in 2017. According to the town's website, this was the first such discovery in

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990-572: The Netherlands. The "Batavian island" in the Rhine river was mentioned by Julius Caesar in his commentary Commentarii de Bello Gallico . The island's easternmost point is at a split in the Rhine, one arm being the Waal and the other the Lower Rhine / Old Rhine (hence the Latin name Insula Batavorum , "Island of the Batavi"). Much later Tacitus wrote that the Batavians who lived there had originally been

1035-456: The Netherlands. The mound contained remains of around 60 individuals. Three mounds were discovered; the main one is about 20 metres (65 ft) in diameter. Its passages align with the sun at equinoxes and solstices, and according to the archeologists it served as a solar calendar . Around one million objects, dating from the Stone Age , Bronze Age , Iron Age , Roman Empire and throughout

1080-514: The Rhine distributaries. The resulting separation of the rivers Rhine and Meuse is considered to be the greatest achievement in Dutch hydraulic engineering before the completion of the Zuiderzee Works and Delta Works . In 1970 the Haringvlietdam has been finished. Since then the reunited Rhine and Meuse waters have reached the North Sea either at this site or, during times of lower discharges of

1125-412: The Rhine, at Hook of Holland . A 2008 study notes that the difference between summer and winter flow volumes has increased significantly in the last 100–200 years. It points out that the frequency of serious floods ( i.e. flows > 1000% of normal) has increased markedly. They predict that winter flooding of the Meuse may become a recurring problem in the coming decades. The Meuse flows through

1170-583: The United States where the Holland Land Company founded the city and the town of Batavia, New York . This name spread further west in the United States to such places as Batavia, Illinois , near Chicago , and Batavia, Ohio . When the Pannerdens Kanaal was dug between 1701 and 1709, the easternmost tip of the Betuwe (including the towns of Pannerden and Lobith ) was cut off from the rest of

1215-627: The Waal, the main stem of the Rhine at Woudrichem , and then flows under the name of Boven Merwede to Hardinxveld-Giessendam , where it splits into Nieuwe Merwede and Beneden Merwede . Near Lage Zwaluwe , the Nieuwe Merwede joins the Amer, forming the Hollands Diep , which splits into Grevelingen and Haringvliet , before finally flowing into the North Sea. The Meuse is crossed by railway bridges between

1260-579: The basin of the Meuse: Netherlands 30%, Wallonia 30%, France 15%, Germany 14.5%, Flanders 5%, Brussels 4.5%, Kingdom of Belgium 0.5%, and Luxembourg 0.5%. The map of the basin area of Meuse was joined to the text of the treaty. As for culture, as a major communication route the River Meuse is the origin of Mosan art , principally (Wallonia and France). The first landscape painted in the Renaissance

1305-551: The border to Germany, then turns towards the west, where it runs parallel to the Waal and forms part of the extensive Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt delta , together with the Scheldt to its south and the Rhine to the north. The river has been divided near Heusden into the Afgedamde Maas on the right and the Bergse Maas on the left. The Bergse Maas continues under the name of Amer , which is part of De Biesbosch . The Afgedamde Maas joins

1350-641: The citizens of Liège, who were in open revolt. After the battle , which saw the men from Liège defeated, John ordered the drowning in the Meuse of burghers and noblemen in Liège whose loyalties he suspected. The border remained relatively stable until the annexation of the Three Bishoprics Metz, Toul and Verdun by King Henry II in 1552 and the occupation of the Duchy of Lorraine by the forces of King Louis XIII in 1633. Its lower Belgian ( Walloon ) portion, part of

1395-466: The city. Appelpop is a free, two-day music event that is held yearly on the second Friday and Saturday of September. Tiel has also been known for its pewter industry. The last pewter factory and museum, which mainly produced collectibles for tourists, went bankrupt in early 2004, but has since been revived. Roman artifacts (Rings, statues , grave stones etc) have been found in Tiel. The "Stonehenge of

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1440-684: The dam at its southern inlet was completed in 1904, renamed Afgedamde Maas and no longer receives water from the Maas. The Meuse and its crossings were a key objective of the Battle of France , the Battle of Sedan and also for the last major German WWII counter-offensive on the Western Front , the Battle of the Bulge in December 1944 and January 1945. The Meuse is represented in the documentary The River People released in 2012 by Xavier Istasse. In July 2021,

1485-575: The following stations (on the left and right banks respectively): There are also numerous road bridges and around 32 ferry crossings. The Meuse is navigable over a substantial part of its total length: In the Netherlands and Belgium, the river is part of the major inland navigation infrastructure, connecting the Rotterdam-Amsterdam-Antwerp port areas to the industrial areas upstream: 's-Hertogenbosch, Venlo, Maastricht, Liège, Namur. Between Maastricht and Maasbracht , an unnavigable section of

1530-453: The newer county of Guelders which had become established to the southeast. In the Renaissance , the Dutch wanted to rediscover their pre-medieval Batavi culture and history. This common history raised Batavi to the status of cultural ancestors to all Dutch people (see The Batavian revival ). They occasionally called themselves, or their things ( Batavia ), Batavians, resulting even in

1575-596: The presumed but unattested Old Dutch form * Masa , from Proto-Germanic * Masō . Modern Dutch and German Maas and Limburgish Maos preserve this Germanic form. Despite the similarity, the Germanic name is not derived from the Celtic name, judging from the change from earlier o into a , which is characteristic of the Germanic languages. The Meuse rises in Pouilly-en-Bassigny, commune of Le Châtelet-sur-Meuse on

1620-580: The primary outflow of that river. Those branches are currently known as the Nieuwe Maas and Oude Maas. However during another series of severe floods the Meuse found an additional path towards the sea, resulting in the creation of the Biesbosch wetlands and Hollands Diep estuaries. Thereafter the Meuse split near Heusden into two main distributaries, one flowing north to join the Merwede and one flowing direct to

1665-559: The rapidity of its course in the stream which washes Germany, till it mingles with the ocean. On the Gallic bank, its flow is broader and gentler; it is called by an altered name, the Vahal , by the inhabitants of its shore. Soon that name too is changed for the Mosa river, through whose vast mouth it empties itself into the same ocean. Modern archaeologists disagree with Tacitus, noting that that island had

1710-592: The region. In the aftermath of the failed allied Operation Market Garden , the Germans attempted to retake the Allied gains during the Battle of the Nijmegen salient but were unsuccessful. In the period 1940-1990, land consolidation took place throughout the area. This made further economies of scale and departmentalisation in the fruit production possible. In 1995, a large part of this area had to be evacuated because

1755-499: The river Meuse. The first fossils of it were discovered outside Maastricht in 1780. An international agreement was signed in 2002 in Ghent , Belgium, about the management of the river amongst France, Germany, Luxembourg , the Netherlands, and Belgium. Also participating in the agreement were the Belgian regional governments of Flanders , Wallonia , and Brussels (which is not in the basin of

1800-523: The rivers and provinces have changed over history it is roughly the same. Today it has the Waal river on the south and the Lek and Nederrijn in the north (all rivers which start in the delta itself and are branches of the Rhine or Maas). Historically, the former municipality of Rijnwaarden belonged to Betuwe, now in Zevenaar , which was cut off by the building of the Pannerdens Kanaal . A major freight railroad,

1845-415: The rivers threatened to overflow. This did not happen, but it raised the debate again about whether to reinforce the dikes . [REDACTED] Media related to Betuwe at Wikimedia Commons Meuse The Meuse or Maas is a major European river , rising in France and flowing through Belgium and the Netherlands before draining into the North Sea from the Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt delta . It has

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1890-413: The sea. The branch of the Meuse leading direct to the sea eventually silted up (and now forms the Oude Maasje stream), but in 1904 the canalised Bergse Maas was dug to take over the functions of the silted-up branch. At the same time the branch leading to the Merwede was dammed at Heusden (and has since been known as the Afgedamde Maas ) so that little water from the Meuse entered the old Maas courses or

1935-449: Was described as a large island between rivers in the Rhine-Meuse delta , the modern equivalent of Betuwe. The Batavians shared the island with the Canninefates , to their west near the coast. Their Roman city was Nijmegen . The name was also mentioned by Pliny the Elder , and it played a role in the account by Tacitus of the Germanic uprising of 68 . He said that "In the Rhine itself, nearly 100 miles [160 kilometres] in length, Batavia

1980-402: Was recently rebaptized into "Canal de la Meuse". The waterway can be used by the smallest barges that are still in use commercially almost 40 m (131 ft) long and just over 5 metres (16 ft) wide. Just upstream of the town of Commercy, the Canal de la Meuse connects with the Marne–Rhine Canal by means of a short diversion canal. The Cretaceous sea reptile Mosasaur is named after

2025-415: Was the landscape of Meuse by Joachim Patinir . He was likely the uncle of Henri Blès , who is sometimes defined as a Mosan landscape painter active during the second third of the 16th century (i.e. second generation of landscape painters). The main tributaries of the Meuse are listed below in downstream-upstream order, with the town where the tributary meets the river: The mean annual discharge rate of

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