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60-458: Around 1860, a Lazarist priest, Father Joseph Tsiou, began a mission in Tianjin. Tsiou was a skilled physician, who made it practice to baptize seriously ill infants whom he could not heal. This led to the impression that the baptism itself caused the deaths and there was opposition to this among the populace. Tsiou died in 1861 and was replaced by a French missionary and sisters of the congregation of

120-583: A lazar-house or leper hospital) in Paris, which led to its members being popularly known as 'Lazarists . Within a few years the Vincentians had acquired another house in Paris and set up other establishments throughout France; missions were also sent to Italy (1638), Tunis (1643), Algiers and Ireland (1646), Madagascar (1648), Poland (1651), and Turkey (1783). A bull of Alexander VII in April 1655 further confirmed

180-551: A yellow riding-jacket . Meanwhile, in his absence, the rebels retook Wuchang and burnt the protecting fleet. The tide quickly turned, however, on May 1, 1854, Zeng defeated the Taiping at Xiangtan and in July at Yuezhou . Zeng succeeded in clearing the country round Poyang Lake , and subsequently in ridding Jiangsu Province of the rebels. In January–February 1855 the Xiang Army sufferers

240-511: A "family" to a "movement", reaching almost 4 million people: In 2022, the Congregation of the Mission had 3,099 incorporated members, of whom 2,781 were priests. They have 476 houses, spread over five vice-provinces: Mozambique, Nigeria, Costa Rica and St. Cyril and Methodius (Ukraine), and thirty-seven provinces on five continents. As of 2021, the Vincentians number about 3,100 worldwide, with

300-506: A $ 1-million and two $ 100,000 Humanity prizes to finalist organizations which contributed to solve most persistent social problems: John Adams (of So Others Might Eat which serves the poor and homeless in Washington, DC ); Stan Goetschalckx (founder and director of AHADI International Institute in Tanzania which educates refugees from Congo , Rwanda , and Burundi ); and Bebot Carcellar of

360-552: A characteristic spirit of humility, simplicity and charity. The Congregation has its origin in the successful mission to the common people conducted by Vincent de Paul and five other priests on the estates of the Gondi family . More immediately it dates from 1624, when the little community acquired a permanent settlement in the Collège des Bons Enfants in Paris , which later became a seminary under

420-498: A disastrous defeat at Jiujiang , Jiangxi , leading to Zeng attempting suicide. His father died in 1857, and after a brief mourning he was ordered to take supreme command in Zhejiang Province , and to cooperate with the governor of Fujian Province in defence. Subsequently, the rebels were driven westwards, and Zeng would have started in pursuit had he not been called on to clear Anhui Province of rebel forces. In June 1860, he

480-532: A famous diplomat in the late Qing dynasty. Zeng's ninth brother, Zeng Guoquan , was an ambitious general in the Xiang Army . He was later appointed Viceroy of Liangjiang in 1884. Zeng's great-granddaughter, Zeng Baosun , was a feminist, historian, and Christian educator. Zeng is said to be a descendant of Zengzi , who in turn was said to be a descendant of King Shao Kang of the Xia dynasty . Zeng's legacy in history

540-526: A presence in 95 different countries. Its specific apostolate remains the evangelization of the poor and the formation of the clergy. As of 2017 , Tomaž Mavrič is the incumbent worldwide superior general of the Congregation of the Mission, elected during its general assembly on July 5, 2016. On August 30, 2007, The Catholic University of America , (with the Opus Prize 2004 Foundation, affiliated with The Opus Group), announced that it would award on November 8

600-488: A publication now in the public domain :  Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). " Congregation of Priests of the Mission ". Catholic Encyclopedia . New York: Robert Appleton Company. Zeng Guofan Zeng Guofan, Marquis Yiyong ( traditional Chinese : 曾國藩 ; simplified Chinese : 曾国藩 ; pinyin : Zēng Guófān ; Wade–Giles : Tseng Kuo -fan ; 26 November 1811 – 12 March 1872), birth name Zeng Zicheng , courtesy name Bohan ( 伯涵 ),

660-546: A statue of Saint Vincent de Paul. Currently, for the occasion of the 400th anniversary of the Congregation of the Mission, the Vincentians are renovating the Mother House, with the aim of accommodating those seeking spiritual enrichment, especially members of all branches of the Vincentian Family, pilgrims and people of faith. There are people who do not belong to groups or congregations of consecrated life, but who live

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720-566: A student of Confucius . He studied in Yuelu Academy in Changsha Prefecture , where he passed the prefectural examination in 1833, only a year after his father, Zeng Linshu. He passed the provincial examination ( juren ) a year later, and by 1838, at age 27, he had passed the imperial examination , a prestigious achievement in China. He had earned the jinshi degree, the highest level in

780-976: Is also responsible for the creation of the Vincentian Facilitators, the Academic Social Responsibility, the Academic Social Entrepreneurship, and the Academic Social Journalism at the Vincentian-owned Adamson University. Through the Vincentian Center, the movement towards academic social networking has become a reality in the university. It is also responsible for organizing the First Northville and Southville People's Congress, consisting of around 750,000 relocatees from Metro Manila and

840-587: Is in Manchester, Connecticut. Members of the congregation include: The religious congregation runs the following institutions of higher education: Institutions formerly run by the Congregation: The Vincentian fathers also run a number of secondary schools, most notably in Dublin, Ireland, where the order is in charge of two such institutions. [REDACTED]  This article incorporates text from

900-539: Is supposed to last three years. Around the time, the Taiping rebels had overrun Hunan Province and captured the cities and strongholds on both shores of the Yangtze River . By a special decree, Zeng was ordered to assist the provincial governor in raising a volunteer force, and, on his own initiative, he built a fleet of war junks and multiple arsenals, with which he attacked the rebels. This force eventually became known as

960-523: Is the first Asian to hold the office. In 1991, Carcellar was assigned to Payatas. With his "Planning for a new home, Systemic Change Strategy," he organized Philippine massive home constructions, which he began by a savings program at Payatas dumpsite. Carcellar's "The Homeless Peoples Federation Philippines" provided slum dwellers of Iloilo City and Mandaue City with initiatives to survive poverty. In 2008 it promoted savings in Southeast Asia , since

1020-656: Is twofold. On one hand he is criticised as a staunchly conservative traitor, but on another he is seen as a hero in preserving order and stability. Many in China and abroad admire his ability to successfully survive in the ruthless bureaucracy of the late Qing dynasty. Many have blamed Zeng for all the civilian losses and damages done during the Taiping Rebellion , while others criticise him for being too friendly with certain foreign ideas. Much Chinese language historiography, including numerous biographies, has questioned what made him fight for an essentially foreign dynasty. Since

1080-635: The Archdiocese of Ozamiz . The Philippine province has a deacon, 5 incorporated brothers, and 97 priests. A major work is the housing program for hundreds of families, especially those affected by demolitions and relocations along the Philippine North and South Railways tracks. The CBCP Newsletter announced on July 10, 2008, the appointment of the Philippine Marcelo Manimtim as director of Paris-based Centre International de Formation. Manimtim

1140-710: The Boxer Rebellion of 1900. Congregation of the Mission The Congregation of the Mission ( Latin : Congregatio Missionis ), abbreviated CM and commonly called the Vincentians or Lazarists , is a Catholic society of apostolic life of pontifical right for men founded by Vincent de Paul . It is associated with the Vincentian Family , a loose federation of organizations that look to Vincent de Paul as their founder or patron. Inspired by

1200-791: The Cultural Revolution , criticism of Zeng gradually began to disappear. Tang Haoming published in 1992 his three-book trilogy Zeng Guofan , a novelisation of Zeng's life during and after the Taiping Rebellion. This trilogy characterised Zeng as a common person, but had adopted a much more positive view of Zeng. Mao Zedong and Chiang Kai-shek also praised Zeng's ability in military and political affairs. In recent years, Zeng's life and his works have been widely celebrated, especially as an example of local pride in Hunan Province . Zeng's leadership and military skills had been used by many as

1260-801: The Daughters of Charity . In keeping with the Holy Childhood program popular at that time, the mission continued the practice of teaching and baptizing sick and abandoned children. False rumors circulated for years that the missionaries killed children in order to remove the eyes for the manufacture of some expensive medicines. In June 1870, rumors spread throughout China concerning Catholic nuns who used to give small cash rewards to people who brought homeless or unwanted children to their orphanages. This led illicit child-brokers to engage in kidnapping. Throughout 1870, deaths at these orphanages increased due to outbreaks of disease. Tensions between Chinese residents of

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1320-495: The Taiping Rebellion after encountering them for the first time. Unlike his contemporaries, who had multiple wives or kept concubines , Zeng was officially married only once, to a woman of the Ouyang family when he was in his late teens. He had three sons and five daughters with her, and two of his eldest children died young. His eldest son, Zeng Jize , who inherited his noble peerage "First Class Marquis Yiyong", went on to become

1380-564: The Viceroy of Zhili , where, after the Tianjin Massacre (1870), Zeng failed to carry out the wishes of the imperial court. Instead of the desired policy towards foreigners, Zeng took on a more diplomatic stance. After this rebuff, he retired to his viceroyalty at Nanjing, where he died in 1872 mysteriously in Hong Xiuquan 's former mansion. Zeng was a voluminous writer. His papers addressed to

1440-425: The Xiang Army (a.k.a. Hunan Army or Chu Army). In training and commanding the Xiang Army, Zeng emphasized "family ties, individual responsibility, flexible yet responsible discipline, enhanced military pay, respect for intellectuals serving in the army, and a strong bond between officers and soldiers." In his first engagement with the rebels, Zeng was defeated, but his lieutenants were more successful. They recovered

1500-529: The "first mission" of Chátillon-les-Dombes and Folleville, where he delivered his first mission sermon, St. Vincent de Paul discovered the need and importance of popular missions and general confessions. His concern to form a group of missionaries for the most abandoned areas of France was born in him, and in 1625 he founded the Congregation of the Mission as an apostolic society together with other priests, Anthony Portail, M. Belin, Francis de Coudray and John de la Salle. Years later, this mission found its motto in

1560-553: The Adamson University. The center intends to engage the Adamson's academic community more deeply and directly in nation-building and to directly respond to Millennium Development Goals ' poverty alleviation initiatives in the country. De Castro also cited the Adamson University and a Vincentian priest named Atilano "Nonong" Fajardo for their efforts in putting up the Vincentian Center. The Vincentian Center for Social Responsibility

1620-634: The European governments. Chinese negotiations to mitigate the damage were led by the aging statesman Zeng Guofan . The situation was more complex than Zeng originally thought; he interrogated the orphans, who denied they had been kidnapped, and proclaimed the nuns innocent. Foldable hand fans began to appear depicting the murder of the French Consul near the door of the church as political propaganda expressing resistance to Western countries and their religions. Europeans were incensed and demanded punishment against

1680-568: The Ever Victorious Army was clearing the cities on the lower waters of the Yangtze River with support from Li Hongzhang, Zeng drew closer his besieging lines around the city. In July 1864, Tianjing fell into Zeng's hands, and he was rewarded with the noble peerage "First Class Marquis Yiyong" ( 一等毅勇侯 ) and the right to wear the double-eyed peacock's feather . He, Zuo Zongtang and Li Hongzhang were collectively called "Zeng, Zuo, Li" –

1740-511: The French Consul, Henri-Victor Fontanier, to appeal directly to the county magistrate , Chonghou, for public calm. While the Chinese magistrate's staff attempted to suppress the riot, the French Consul visited the magistrate's official quarters to lodge a very angry complaint. Fontanier shot and wounded a Chinese assistant after an argument with the magistrate, under the threats of the mob. The French Consul and his assistant, M. Simon, were murdered by

1800-641: The Philippine Federation affiliated with an international network called "Slum/Shack Dwellers International". Another, younger Vincentian was also assigned by Cardinal Gaudencio Rosales as the Coordinator of the Housing Ministry of the Archdiocese of Manila. On September 28, 2007, Philippine Vice President Noli De Castro welcomed the launching of the Vincentian Center for Social Responsibility by

1860-560: The South American republics, Portugal , Spain , and Russia , some of which were later suppressed. In the same year they had fourteen establishments in the United States of America . The Mother House (Maison Mère) is the successor of the first Mother House which was the former priory of Saint Lazare. This house, located at 95 rue de Sèvres, was the former residence of the Duke of Lorges, and

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1920-632: The Vincentian Missionaries Social Development Foundation. On November 8, 2007, David M. O'Connell, president of Catholic University, personally bestowed these Opus Prizes at the university's Edward J. Pryzbyla University Center. In 2008 the Vincentian family marked 150 years in the Philippines, led by the provincial Bienvenido M. Disu, Gregorio L. Bañaga, President of Adamson University , and Archbishop Jesus Dosado of

1980-662: The civil service examinations, which led to his appointment to the Hanlin Academy , a body of outstanding Chinese literary scholars who performed literary tasks for the imperial court. It was at the Hanlin Academy where Zeng changed his given name to "Guofan", which sounded more prestigious. Zeng served in Beijing for more than 13 years, and remained devoted to the interpretation of the Confucian classics . He moved relatively quickly up

2040-574: The country. The Qing government replied in turn by refusing to either proscribe or endorse foreign missionaries. For Europeans, the riot and loss of life was further proof that the Chinese government could not be trusted to protect foreigners or their investments. For many Chinese, the fact Europeans and missionaries continued to be an elite outside the realms of Chinese law, and seemingly able to engage in actions through military force without serious repercussions, directly led to anti-foreign feeling which led to

2100-691: The date of its suppression in 1796 it possessed thirty-five establishments. The Congregation of the Mission was permitted to return in 1816, where it is very active. In Madagascar it had a mission from 1648 until 1674. In 1783 Vincentians were appointed to take the place of the Jesuits in the Levantine and Chinese missions; and in 1874 their establishments throughout the Ottoman Empire numbered sixteen. In addition, they established missions in Persia , Abyssinia , Mexico ,

2160-502: The decline of the Qing dynasty. Zeng was known for his strategic perception, administrative skill and noble personality on Confucian practice, but also for his ruthlessness in repressing rebellions. Born Zeng Zicheng in Xiangxiang , Hunan Province in 1811, Zeng was the grandson of Zeng Yuping , a farmer with social and political ambitions. He was also a descendant of the philosopher Zengzi ,

2220-686: The eastern sea board. The also founded and still run Niagara University along with St. John's University (New York City) . They also has a sub-province in Panama. The Western Province of the USA has a mission in Kenya, where in conjunction with parish ministry water projects have been initiated to provide clean water to the people. The New England Province was founded in 1904 by Vincentians from Poland. They staff parishes in New York and Connecticut. The provincial headquarters

2280-482: The eve of the French Revolution , Saint Lazare was plundered by the mob and the congregation was later suppressed; it was restored by Napoleon in 1804 at the desire of Pius VII , abolished by him in 1809 in consequence of a quarrel with the pope, and again restored in 1816. The Vincentians were expelled from Italy in 1871 and from Germany in 1873. The Vincentian province of Poland was singularly prosperous; at

2340-482: The former to the governorship of Zhejiang and the latter to that of Jiangsu. In 1862, he was appointed Assistant Grand Secretary of State . At this time, the Qing imperial forces, assisted by the Ever Victorious Army , had checked the progress of the Taiping Rebellion, and Zeng was able to carry out a scheme which he had long formulated of besieging Tianjing , the rebel capital. While Charles George Gordon of

2400-520: The military leaders who suppressed the Taiping Rebellion. After the suppression of the rebellion, the Nian Rebellion , closely related to the former Taiping movement, broke out in Shandong Province , and Zeng was sent to quell it. Success did not, however, always attend him on this campaign, and by imperial order he was relieved of his command by Li Hongzhang, who in the same way succeeded him as

2460-468: The mission nor the French Consul took any steps at this time to allay the public's fears. On June 18, two Chinese kidnappers were arrested 30 li outside Tianjin, were investigated and executed forthwith. According to Chonghou , Commissioner for the Three Ports, "Talk about kidnapping became more and more widespread among the populace. Because of this, the streets and alleys were not tranquil." Subsequently,

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2520-545: The mission property next door, which housed the recently completed Church of Our Lady of Victory, the presbytery, the convent, and orphanage. The riot only ended after a number of Catholic institutions and foreign buildings, including the Tientsin Cathedral and four British and American churches, were burned down. As well as the two French Consular officials, two Lazarist priests, and approximately 40 Chinese Christians were killed, as were three Russian traders assumed by

2580-427: The mob to be French. A jar of pickled onions found was claimed to be the eyes torn from children. Ten nuns of the Daughters of Charity were raped and mutilated by the crowd before being killed. The final death toll of the riot was given at around 60. The Chinese government immediately condemned the riot. Foreign gunboats were sent to restore order to the legations of Tianjin, with reparations and reprisals demanded by

2640-466: The name of St. Firmin . The first missions of the Vincentians were in the suburbs of Paris and in Picardy and Champagne. Archiepiscopal recognition was obtained in 1626. By a papal bull on January 12, 1633, the society was constituted a congregation, with Vincent de Paul as its head. About the same time the canons regular of St. Victor handed over to the congregation their priory of Saint Lazare (formerly

2700-467: The northeastern port city of Tianjin (Tientsin) and western missionaries erupted in 1870 in the riot known as the Tianjin Massacre. The summer of 1870 was hotter and drier than usual, and the popular mood was unsettled. Angry and excited crowds assembled in the street from time to time in the neighborhood of the Mission buildings and demanded the release of the children. It does not appear that either

2760-632: The passage in Luke's gospel , Evangelizare pauperibus misit me (The Holy Spirit sent me to bring the Good News to the poor, Luke 4:18 ). In 1633, motivated by that same Spirit, St. Vincent de Paul and St. Louise de Marillac founded the Company of the Daughters of Charity , a group of women dedicated to serving the "poorest of the poor". Prayer and community life were essential elements of their vocation of service, with

2820-478: The populace apprehended and sent in a "reader" from the church, Chen Xibao. He was beaten and sent to the magistrate. Through the Tianjin prefect, Liu Jie, he was interrogated and it was found that, in reality, he was leading students home, and was not kidnapping them. He was subsequently released. There was also a case in which the residents of Taohuakou apprehended and sent in Wu Lanzhen, who had kidnapped Li Suo. From

2880-533: The prefect's interrogation, Wang San from the church was implicated. Upon further investigation, the Chinese authorities determined that Wu Lanzhen had lied. Chinese officials met with their French counterparts, who had assumed responsibility for the Catholic missions to China since the Arrow War . However, an angry anti-Christian crowd had gathered outside the cathedral and smashed windows. Chinese Catholic converts begged

2940-472: The provinces of Cavite, Bulacan and Laguna. The Vincentians travelled to the United States in 1816 and two years later established St. Mary's of the Barrens seminary . They founded Niagara University (1856), St. John's University (1870), and DePaul University (1898). The Eastern Province's headquarters is located in Germantown, PA located next to the Basilica Shrine of the Miraculous Medal. The priests of this province serve in several parishes along

3000-435: The provincial capital, Changsha , and destroyed the rebel fleet. Following up these victories of his subordinates, Zeng recaptured Wuchang and Hanyang , near Hankou , and was rewarded for his success by being appointed vice-president of the Board of War . The Xiang Army under Zeng contained some integrated Hangzhou drill groups. In 1853, other triumphs led to Zeng being made a baturu , and to his being decorated with

3060-433: The ranks with the aid of his teacher, Mujangga ; within five years, he had become a second-grade official. In 1843, Zeng was appointed as the chief literary examiner in Sichuan Province . Six years later, he was made Senior Deputy Secretary of the Board of Rites . When holding the office of Military Examiner (1851), he was compelled by the death of his mother to return to Hunan Province to carry out filial mourning , which

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3120-458: The riot's ringleaders. Zeng had eighteen Chinese instigators (or scapegoats, depending on who tells the history) executed and removed both the magistrate and much of his staff. A Chinese mission of apology sailed to France, under Imperial Commissioner Chonghou. A formal apology was presented to the provisional French Head of State Adolphe Thiers in November 1871. China paid France the large sum of 400,000 taels as compensation. The Tientsin Incident

3180-426: The rioters and their bodies dumped in the river. The London Pall Mall Gazette reported that on June 20, in anticipation of local unrest, the British Consul at Tianjin, Mr. Lay, had contacted the British Minister, Mr. Wade, requesting that a man-of-war be sent to the port. It further said that Consul Fontanier and his aide M. Simon had been killed when the mob stormed the French consulate. The mob then proceeded to

3240-412: The society; this was followed by a brief in September of the same year, regulating its constitution. The rules then adopted, which were framed on the model of those of the Jesuits , were published at Paris in 1668 under the title Regulae seu constitutiones communes congregationis missionis . Its special aims were the religious instruction of the poor, the training of the clergy, and foreign missions. On

3300-482: The spirit of St. Vincent, his spirituality and charism; they are volunteers, they are in parishes, schools, hospitals and so many other places. The spirituality of Vincent de Paul has influenced the foundation of other societies of apostolic life and even of some institutes of consecrated life which, in communion, form today what is called the Vincentian family. There are 170 congregations, with 2 million people involved, and groups of lay people, which have grown from

3360-424: The throne and his literary disquisitions are held in high esteem by Chinese scholars, who treasure the edition of his collected works in 156 books, which was edited by Li Hongzhang in 1876, as a memorial of a great and incorruptible statesman. Zeng enjoyed reading and held a special interest in the Twenty-Four Histories and other Chinese classics . Zeng called Hakka females "big foot hillbilly witches" during

3420-406: Was a Chinese statesman and military general of the late Qing dynasty . He is best known for raising and organizing the Xiang Army to aid the Qing military in suppressing the Taiping Rebellion and restoring the stability of the Qing Empire. Along with other prominent figures such as Zuo Zongtang and Li Hongzhang of his time, Zeng set the scene for the Tongzhi Restoration , an attempt to arrest

3480-457: Was appointed Viceroy of Liangjiang (covering Jiangxi , Anhui and Jiangsu provinces) and Imperial Commissioner , overseeing military affairs. At this time, and for some time previously, he had been fortunate in having the active support of Zuo Zongtang , who at a later period recovered Kashgar for the Qing Empire, and of Li Hongzhang . Like all true leaders of men, Zeng knew how to reward good service, and when occasion offered he appointed

3540-419: Was far-reaching politically and culturally. Before 1870 the French and Chinese had been negotiating a clause to bring Western missionaries under the same guidelines as Chinese Buddhist and Taoist religious institutions, in the hope it would stop such situations as occurred at Tientsin. Afterwards, however, the French and Americans refused to allow Chinese control or protection over the spread of Christianity in

3600-399: Was made available to the Congregation of the Mission by the French government in 1817. Finally, in 2006, the French State made the Congregation of the Mission the owner of the house and its grounds. The Mother House consists of a series of buildings around a paved courtyard. The entrance is in the central neo-Renaissance style pavilion at the back of the courtyard. In a niche on the façade is

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