Misplaced Pages

#19980

59-492: Pedro Moya de Contreras , the archbishop of Mexico , convoked the council in February 1584; it officially opened on January 20, 1585, and ran until November of the same year. The other bishops in attendance were: The council dealt in large part with the topic of Indian labor. Consiliar decrees ordered that clergy cease the practice of using unpaid native labor for personal service and construction work. Hernando Ortiz de Hinojosa ,

118-409: A Mediterranean pluvial system. The river crosses the city from west to east. Its volumetric flow is mostly small but the river is known to produce occasional flooding, like the times when the capital was inundated, in 1946, 1948, 1973 and 1989. The Segura river's Valley is surrounded by two mountain ranges, the hills of Guadalupe, Espinardo, Cabezo de Torres, Esparragal and Monteagudo in the north and

177-560: A conflict between the viceroy and the Audiencia. Philip named Moya, then the sitting Archbishop of Mexico. As visitador, he took up the accusations against the corrupt oidores and other officials of the viceroyalty. He dismissed the former and punished the latter, some by hanging. In a letter reporting to the king, he praised those officials who had honestly met their obligations, and castigated others. Suárez de Mendoza died in June, 1583. The Audiencia

236-627: A derivation of the word Murtia , which would mean Murtius Village (Murtius was a common Roman name). Other research suggests that it may owe its name to the Latin Murtae (Mulberry), which covered the regional landscape for many centuries. The Latin name eventually changed into the Arabic Mursiya, and then, Murcia. The city in its present location was founded with the name Madinat Mursiyah ( مدينة مرسية 'city of Murcia') in AD 825 by Abd ar-Rahman II , who

295-684: A government body named pleno , which has 30 members in Murcia. The alcalde (head governor in a municipality) chooses 10 members from the pleno in order to compose a governing cabinet named junta de gobierno , which has 10 members in Murcia. There are 7 partisans (including the alcalde ) of Partido Popular party and 3 partisans of Ciudadanos in the junta de gobierno . The largest government body also includes 9 partisans of PSOE (Partido Socialista Obrero Español), 3 partisans of Vox and 2 partisans of Podemos and Equo . A national highway named A-30, which connects Cartagena and Albacete , traverses

354-898: A little longer while he wound up his affairs before returning to Spain. Upon his return, he became president of the Council of the Indies , a position he held until his death. Moya de Contreras died in Spain in December, 1591, so poor that the Crown paid for his funeral. His body was interred in the parish church of Santiago, in Madrid. He left various writings which were collected in the book Cartas de Indias , published in Madrid in 1877. Murcia Murcia ( / ˈ m ʊər s i ə / , US also / ˈ m ɜːr ʃ ( i ) ə / ; Spanish: [ˈmuɾθja] )

413-578: A regional line connecting it to Cartagena and a medium-range linea to Valencia and Zaragoza. The hospitals and other public primary healthcare centers belong to the Murcian Healthcare Service . There are three public hospitals in Murcia: Large part of the municipality belongs to the Health area I (Murcia/Oeste), which main place is the main town. Nevertheless, the districts that are located in

472-585: A small Muslim emirate from 1223 to 1243. By the treaty of Alcaraz, in 1243, the Christian king Ferdinand III of Castile made Murcia a protectorate, getting access to the Mediterranean sea while Murcia was protected against Granada and Aragon. The Christian population of the town became the majority as immigrants poured in from almost all parts of the Iberian Peninsula. Christian immigration was encouraged with

531-541: A sumptuous interior that includes a Moorish-style patio inspired by the royal chambers of the Alhambra near Granada. The name Platería refers to plata (silver), as this street was the historical focus for the commerce of rare metals by Murcia's Jewish community. The other street, Trapería , refers to trapos , or cloths, as this was once the focus for the Jewish community's garment trade. Several bridges of different styles span

590-496: Is a city in south-eastern Spain , the capital and most populous city of the autonomous community of the Region of Murcia , and the seventh largest city in the country. It had a population of 460,349 inhabitants in 2021 (about one-third of the total population of the Region). The total population of the metropolitan area was 672,773 in 2020, covering an urban area of 1,230.9 km . It

649-534: Is considered a masterpiece of the Spanish Baroque style. Other buildings in the square shared by the cathedral (Plaza Cardinal Belluga ) are the colorful 'Bishop's Palace' (18th century) and a controversial extension to the town hall by Rafael Moneo (built in 1999). The Glorieta , which lies on the banks of the Segura River, has traditionally been the center of the town. It is a landscaped city square that

SECTION 10

#1732852775020

708-658: Is located on the Segura River , in the southeast of the Iberian Peninsula . It has a climate with hot summers, mild winters, and relatively low precipitation. Murcia was founded by Abd ar-Rahman II , Emir of Cordoba, in 825 with the name Mursiyah ( Arabic : مرسية ). It is now mainly a services city and a university town . Highlights for visitors include the Cathedral of Murcia and a number of baroque buildings, renowned local cuisine, Holy Week procession , works of art by

767-697: The Audiencia ), nobles and religious to the most humble members of society, to solemnly swear to defend the Catholic faith and persecute heretics "as rabid dogs and wolves, infectors of spirits and destroyers of the vineyard of Our Lord." He celebrated the first auto-da-fé in New Spain in 1571. Two years later, on June 15, 1573, Moya de Contreras was chosen Archbishop of Mexico and consecrated bishop on November 21, 1573, by Antonio Ruíz de Morales y Molina , Bishop of Tlaxcala (Puebla de los Angeles) . He served until 1591,

826-649: The Noria de La Ñora water wheel. The Holy Week procession hosted by the city is among the most famous throughout Spain. This traditional festival portrays the events which lead up to and include the Crucifixion according to the New Testament. Life-sized, finely detailed sculptures by Francisco Salzillo (1707–1783) are removed from their museums and carried around the city in elegant processions amid flowers and, at night, candles, pausing at stations which are meant to re-enact

885-618: The Region of Murcia with a maximum Mercalli intensity of VII ('Very strong') on 11 May 2011. Nine people were killed and over 400 were injured. Murcia is located near the center of a low-lying fertile plain known as the huerta (orchard or vineyard) of Murcia. The Segura River and its right-hand tributary, the Guadalentín, run through the area. The city has an elevation of 43 metres (141 ft) above sea level and its municipality covers approximately 882 square kilometres (341 sq mi). The best known and most dominant aspect of

944-709: The Ten Commandments in their native language. It also reiterated a number of decrees from the Council of Trent . These covered topics regarding the communion of saints and the veneration of images, and ordered churches to keep records of baptisms, confirmations, marriages, and funerals. The council's published documents included: The decrees received papal approval in 1589, and were published in 1623. The catechisms received royal approval in 1621. Pedro Moya de Contreras Pedro Moya de Contreras (sometimes Pedro de Moya y Contreras ) (c. 1528, Pedroche , Córdoba Province , Spain – December 21, 1591, Madrid )

1003-675: The University of Salamanca . Later he became head of the cathedral school in the Canary Islands , and then inquisitor of Murcia . In 1571 he became the first inquisitor general of New Spain (and thus the first inquisitor general in the New World). He established the Tribunal del Santo Oficio in Mexico City in 1571. As inquisitor general he required people of New Spain, from the oidores (members of

1062-405: The vicar-general of Mexico, submitted a series of dubia to the council regarding the repartimiento system of indigenous labor. He questioned whether the repartimiento system was permissible at all; whether repartimiento labor, originally intended for public works, could legitimately be used for private profit; and whether repartimiento labor could be used specifically in

1121-712: The Bronze and Iron Ages. During the late Chalcolithic and the Bronze Age , the occupancy of part of the current municipality was performed by the Argaric people. During the late Bronze Age and the Iron Age , the people who inhabited the current municipality were the Iberians. A remarkable site is a religious building, whose name is the De la Luz Iberian Sanctuary. There are traces of people presence during

1180-531: The Cordillera Sur in the south. The municipality itself is divided into southern and northern zones by a series of mountain ranges, the aforementioned Cordillera Sur (Carrascoy, El Puerto, Villares, Columbares, Altaona, and Escalona ). These two zones are known as Field of Murcia (in the south of Cordillera Sur) and Orchard of Murcia (the Segura Valley in the north of Cordillera Sur). Near the plain's center,

1239-644: The Espinardo Campus of the University of Murcia to the Estadio Nueva Condomina , with a central stop at Plaza Circular in the city center. An additional line, Line 1B, extends from the neighborhood of Espinardo to the Catholic University of Saint Anthony and the Los Jerónimos area. Train connections are provided by Renfe . Murcia has a railway station called Murcia del Carmen , located in

SECTION 20

#1732852775020

1298-586: The Indians from the repartimiento system. The council ordered that schools should be established to teach basic Spanish literacy to Indians. It banned a number of practices which were believed to lead to idolatry, including certain popular festivals, as well as the depiction of animals, demons, or stars alongside saints in sacred images. It elaborated on an existing decree that candidates for baptism should have "a good understanding of Christian doctrine", laying out requirements that they should learn several prayers and

1357-461: The Malecon, runs along the top of the levee. Murcia has been the capital of the province of Murcia since 1833 and, with its creation by the central government in 1982, capital of the autonomous community (which includes only the city and the province). Since then, it has become the seventh most populated municipality in Spain, and a thriving services city. The 5.1 M w Lorca earthquake shook

1416-514: The Roman rule in the Iberian Peninsula era. A construction of the late Roman period in the Iberian Peninsula is a fortress , Castillo de los Garres , located in the south of the northern half of the municipality. It is widely believed that Murcia's name is derived from the Latin word myrtea or murtea , meaning land of the myrtle (the plant is known to grow in the general area), although it may also be

1475-457: The agreements of 2019 were written for jobs in agriculture and fishing sectors and 9.84% workers had signed agreements for crop land labouring in the second half of 2016. 7.79% agreements corresponded to the industry sector in 2019 and 5.91% workers had signed agreements for industry labouring in the second half of 2016. 53.12% agreements corresponded to jobs of the service sector in 2019 and 14.26% workers had signed agreements for waiter jobs in

1534-448: The city centre. This is 5th busiest airport in Spain with 15 million annual passengers. Bus service is provided by LatBus , which operates the interurban services. Urban bus is offered by a new operator, Transportes de Murcia  [ es ] , an UTE (Joint Venture) formed by Ruiz, Marín & Fernanbús. The Murcia tram is managed by Tranvimur . As of 2024 , 17.5 kilometres (11 miles) of line were available. Line 1 runs from

1593-637: The day and a low of 4.7 °C (40 °F) at night. Night  frost occurs in most winters, but snow is very rare. Snow fell and accumulated in Murcia during the 20th century eight times, in 1910, 1914, 1926, 1942, 1951, 1957, 1971 and 1983, and twice in the 21st century in 2017 and 2021. In the warmest month, August, the range goes from 34.2 °C (94 °F) during the day to 20.9 °C (70 °F) at night. Temperatures almost always reach or exceed 40 °C (104 °F) on at least one or two days per year. The official record for Murcia stands at 46.2 °C (115.2 °F) and at Alcantarilla airport in

1652-457: The desfiles de carrozas, which are parades in which floats play an important role. Religious activity includes processions (festive religious marches) in which there are statues of the Patron Virgin on a platform that is carried on the shoulders. Economically, Murcia predominantly acts as a centre for agriculture and tourism. 33.1% of the municipality is utilised with crops purposes. 35.3% of

1711-459: The east and the RM-15 highway, which connects Alcantarilla and Cehegín , occupies part of the northwest. Region of Murcia International Airport (RMU) is located 20 km south from the city centre, in the suburban district of Corvera. The airport operates several international and domestic routes. It was opened on 15 January 2019. Alicante–Elche International Airport is located 60 km north-east from

1770-456: The famous Murcian sculptor Francisco Salzillo , and the Fiestas de Primavera (Spring Festival). The city, as the capital of the comarca Huerta de Murcia , is called "Europe's orchard" due to its long agricultural tradition and its fruit, vegetable, and flower production and exports. The territory has been inhabited by humans since prehistory. People also lived in the current municipality during

1829-650: The final moments before the crucifixion of Jesus. The most colorful festival in Murcia may come one week after Holy Week , when locals dress up in traditional huertano clothing to celebrate the Bando de la Huerta  [ es ] ( Orchard parade ) on Tuesday and fill the streets for The Burial of the Sardine in Murcia . parade the following Saturday. This whole week receives the name of Fiestas de Primavera de Murcia  [ es ] ( Spring Fest). Murcia's Three Cultures International Festival happens each May and

Third Mexican Provincial Council - Misplaced Pages Continue

1888-519: The first in Europe. The coinage of Murcia was considered as model in all the continent. The mystic Ibn Arabi (1165–1240) and the poet Ibn al-Jinan (d.1214) were born in Murcia during this period. In 1172 Murcia was conquered by the north African Almohades , the last Muslim empire to rule southern Spain, and as the forces of the Christian Reconquista gained the upper hand, was the capital of

1947-472: The goal of establishing a loyal Christian base. These measures led to the Muslim popular revolt in 1264, which was quelled by James I of Aragon in 1266, conquering Murcia and bringing Aragonese and Catalan immigrants with him. After this, during the reign of Alfonso X of Castile , Murcia was one of his capitals with Toledo and Seville. The Murcian duality: Catalan population in a Castillian territory, brought

2006-529: The members of the Convent of San Francisco . The Franciscans responded with a sweeping rejection of the repartimiento system, denouncing it as "illegal and evil and full of cruelty" in all its forms. Ultimately, the council passed a somewhat qualified series of resolutions, condemning the repartimientos "in the manner in which they are now carried out" and calling for reforms from the governor. The council also petitioned King Philip II of Spain for relief for

2065-538: The municipal area's landscape is the orchard . In addition to the orchard and urban zones, the great expanse of the municipal area is made up of different landscapes: badlands , groves of Carrasco pine trees in the precoastal mountain ranges and, towards the south, a semi- steppe region. A large natural park, the Parque Regional de Carrascoy y el Valle , lies just to the south of the city. The Segura River crosses an alluvial plain ( Vega Media del Segura ), part of

2124-542: The municipality and districts and patron saint festivities are included each part. Month where some occur are June and September. An activity that is slightly frequent in these festivities is the Coronación de las reinas , which usually consists in awarding the symbolic status of queens to three female children and three female teenagers. Holy Week festivities are also held in some districts on their own. Pasacalles (similar to standard parades) are also performed and so

2183-429: The municipality from south to north, A national motorway named A-7 also occurs in Murcia, specifically in its northwest. There is also a highway named MU-30, which connects Alcantarilla municipality and El Palmar district, so it occurs in the northwestern quarter of Murcia. 52 regional pavement lines also occur in the municipality. The RM-1 road, which is intended to connect Santomera and San Javier , takes place in

2242-511: The neighbourhood of the same name on the Chinchilla–Cartagena railway . Several long-distance lines link the city with Madrid , through Albacete , as well as Valencia , and Catalonia up to Montpellier in France. Murcia is also the center of a local network. The line C-1 connects the city to Alicante, and the line C-2 connects Murcia to Alcantarilla , Lorca and Águilas . It also has

2301-578: The neighbouring Muslim kingdom of Granada, but flourished after its conquest in 1492 and again in the 18th century, benefiting greatly from a boom in the silk industry. Most of the modern city's landmark churches, monuments and old architecture date from this period. In this century, Murcia lived an important role in Bourbon victory in the War of the Spanish Succession , thanks to Cardinal Belluga . In 1810, Murcia

2360-757: The northeastern quarter are included in Health area VII (Murcia / Este) and the district Cabezo de Torres is included in Health area VI (Vega Media del Segura). Murcia has three universities: There are several high schools, elementary schools, and professional schools. Murcia has three types of schools for children: private schools such as El Limonar International School, Murcia (a British international school) and King's College, Madrid , The American School of Murcia (an American international school), semi-private schools ( concertado ), which are private schools that receive government funding and sometimes offer religious instruction, and public schools such as Colegio Publico (CP) San Pablo, IES Licenciado Francisco Cascales or

2419-482: The official population data of the INE , 12.52% of the population of the municipality reported belonging to a foreign nationality – 3.22% from other countries of Europe, 5.01% Africans, 3.68% Americans and 0.61% Asians as of 2021 . The majority of the population identify as Christian. There is also a big atheist community. Murcia is one of the communities with the largest Romani population in Spain. The table below shows

Third Mexican Provincial Council - Misplaced Pages Continue

2478-609: The population trends of the municipality from the late 19th century to the 21st century by the beginning of their decades. The Cathedral of Murcia was built between 1394 and 1465 in the Castilian Gothic style. Its tower was completed in 1792 and shows a blend of architectural styles. The first two stories were built in the Renaissance style (1521–1546), while the third is Baroque . The bell pavilion exhibits both Rococo and Neoclassical influences. The main façade (1736–1754)

2537-565: The river Segura, from the Puente de los Peligros , an 18th-century stone bridge with a Lady chapel on one of its sides; to modern bridges designed by Santiago Calatrava or Javier Manterola ; through others such as the Puente Nuevo (new bridge), an iron bridge of the early 20th century. Other places around Murcia include: In the metropolitan area are also the Azud de la Contraparada reservoir and

2596-505: The second half of 2016. The economy of Murcia is supported by fairs and congresses, museums, theatres, cinema, music, aquariums, restaurants, hotels, shopping centres, campings, sports, foreign students, and tourism. As generally in Spain , the governors are elected indirectly by voting for a political party in a day for municipal and autonomous community (the regions in Spain) elections every four years. The governors that are elected compose

2655-430: The silver mines, known for their severe conditions. The council submitted a list of questions, based closely on Hinojosa's, to a group of Franciscan scholars and theologians for advice. This group included Hinojosa himself, Pedro de Pravia , Melchor de los Reyes, Juan de la Plaza , Alonso Ponce  [ es ] , Pedro de San Sebastián, Juan Zurnero, Fulgencio de Vega y Vique , Pedro Morales, Juan de Salcedo, and

2714-433: The steep hill of Monteagudo protrudes dramatically. The 881.86-square-kilometre (340.49 sq mi) territory of Murcia's municipality is made up of 54 pedanías (suburban districts) and 28 barrios (city neighbourhood districts). The barrios make up the 12.86-square-kilometre (4.97 sq mi) the main urban portion of the city. The historic city center is approximately 3 square kilometres (1 sq mi) of

2773-561: The subsequent conquest of the city by James II of Aragon in 1296. In 1304, Murcia was finally incorporated into Castile under the Treaty of Torrellas . Murcia's prosperity declined as the Mediterranean lost trade to the ocean routes and from the wars between the Christians and the Ottoman Empire. The old prosperity of Murcia became crises during 14th century because of its border location with

2832-477: The successive rules of the powers seated variously at Almería and Toledo , but finally became capital of its own kingdom with Ibn Tahir ( أبو عبد الرحمن بن طاهر ). After the fall of the Almoravide empire, Ibn Mardanis made Murcia the capital of a new independent kingdom. At this time, Murcia was a very prosperous city, famous for its ceramics, exported to Italian towns, as well as for silk and paper industries,

2891-409: The urbanised downtown portion of Murcia. Murcia has a hot semi-arid climate ( Köppen climate classification : BSh ). It has mild winters and very hot summers because of its inland location. It averages more than 320 days with sun per year. Occasionally, Murcia has heavy, torrential rain . In the coldest month, January, the average temperature range is a high of 16.6 °C (62 °F) during

2950-600: The western suburbs on 4 July 1994 with 47.0 °C (116.6 °F). Murcia has 460,349 inhabitants ( INE 2021) making it the seventh-largest Spanish municipality by population. When adding in the municipalities of Alcantarilla, Alguazas, Beniel, Molina de Segura, Santomera, and Las Torres de Cotillas, the metropolitan area has 672,773 inhabitants making it the twelfth most populous metropolitan area in Spain. Nevertheless, due to Murcia's large municipal territory, its population density (547 inhabitants/km , 760 hab./sq.mi.) does not likewise rank among Spain's highest. According to

3009-688: The year of his death. In 1585 he convoked and presided at the Third Provincial Council of the Church in Mexico, which established standards for the Church that endured to the end of the colonial era. This council banned the enslavement of the Indians. As both archbishop and viceroy, one of his major concerns was education of the Indians. He founded the Seminary of the Indies, to teach them Christian doctrine, reading, writing, singing and trades. While bishop, he

SECTION 50

#1732852775020

3068-480: Was a prelate and colonial administrator who held the three highest offices in the Spanish colony of New Spain , namely inquisitor general, Archbishop of Mexico , and Viceroy of Mexico , September 25, 1584 – October 17, 1585. He was the 6th Viceroy, governing from September 25, 1584, to October 16, 1585. During this interval he held all three positions. Moya de Contreras received the degree of doctor of canon law from

3127-407: Was able to remedy many of the prevalent abuses, with immediate punishment for those found to be transgressors of the law or of decency. This resulted in much enmity among the governing class, but the lower classes proclaimed him as their defender. He was able to increase rents and payments to Spain considerably. In 1584 he resigned as viceroy, but retained his other positions (including visitador) for

3186-548: Was constructed during the 18th century. The ayuntamiento ( city hall ) of Murcia is located in this square. Pedestrian areas cover most of the old town of the city, which is centered around Platería and Trapería Streets. Trapería goes from the cathedral to the Plaza de Santo Domingo, formerly a bustling market square. Located in Trapería is the Casino , a social club erected in 1847, with

3245-427: Was first organised with the intent of overcoming racism and xenophobia in the culture. The festival seeks to foster understanding and reconciliation between the three cultures that have cohabited the peninsula for centuries, if not millennia: Christians, Jews and Muslims. Each year, the festival celebrates these three cultures through music, exhibitions, symposiums and conferences. Sundry festivities are held throughout

3304-406: Was formally in charge of the colony for 16 months, until the installation of the new viceroy. However, Moya de Contreras continued in the position of visitador during the interregnum, with much influence. In 1584, he was named viceroy to succeed Suárez. He took up the new position on September 25, 1584. He now held the three most important positions in the colony. With this concentration of power, he

3363-491: Was looted by Napoleonic troops; it then suffered a major earthquake in 1829. According to contemporaneous accounts, an estimated 6,000 people died from the disaster's effects across the province. Plague and cholera followed. The town and surrounding area suffered badly from floods in 1651, 1879, 1946 and 1948, though the construction of a levee helped to stave off the repeated floods from the Segura. A popular pedestrian walkway,

3422-440: Was the principal consecrator of Juan de Medina Rincón y de la Vega , Bishop of Michoacán (1574); Francisco Gómez de Mendiola y Solórzano , Bishop of Guadalajara (1574); and Alfonso Graniero Avalos , Bishop of La Plata o Charcas (1579). In 1583 Moya de Contreras's predecessor as viceroy, Lorenzo Suárez de Mendoza, 4th conde de la Coruña , asked King Philip II to name a special visitador (royal inspector) to help resolve

3481-480: Was then the emir of Córdoba . Umayyad planners, taking advantage of the course of the river Segura, created an imaginative and complex network of irrigation channels that made the town's agricultural existence prosperous. In the 12th century the traveller and writer Muhammad al-Idrisi described the city of Murcia as populous and strongly fortified. After the fall of the Caliphate of Córdoba in 1031, Murcia passed under

#19980