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71-502: Thingiverse is widely used in the DIY technology and Maker communities, by the RepRap Project and by 3D printer and MakerBot operators. Numerous technical projects use Thingiverse as a repository for shared innovation and dissemination of source materials to the public. Many of the object files are intended for the purposes of repair, decoration or organization. Thingiverse houses more than

142-510: A dropper , funnel , and aluminum foil or wrapping paper . The concept of homemade and experimental instruments in music has its roots prior to the maker movement, from complicated experiments with figures such as Reed Ghazala and Michel Waisvisz pioneering early circuit bending techniques to simple projects such as the Cigar Box Guitar . Bart Hopkin published the magazine Experimental Musical Instruments for 15 years followed by

213-487: A "component car", is an automobile that is available as a set of parts that a manufacturer sells and the buyer himself then assembles into a functioning car. Car tuning can include electric vehicle conversion . Motorcycle making and conversions are also represented. As examples: Tinker Bike is an open source motorcycle kit adaptable to recycled components; NightShift Bikes is a small, Makerist project in custom, DIY electric motorcycle conversions. Bicycles , too, have

284-547: A DIY, Maker-style community. Zenga Bros ' Tall Bikes are one example. Community bike workshops are a specific type of makerspaces . MAKE (a magazine published since 2004 by O'Reilly Media ), is considered a "central organ of the Maker Movement," and its founder, Dale Dougherty , is widely considered the founder of the Movement. Other media outlets associated with the movement include Wamungo , Hackaday , Makery , and

355-403: A cut-and-paste approach to standardized hobbyist technologies , and encourages cookbook re-use of designs published on websites and maker-oriented publications. There is a strong focus on using and learning practical skills and applying them to reference designs. There is also growing work on equity and the maker culture . Maker culture emphasizes learning-through-doing ( active learning ) in

426-492: A focus of STEM-rich Making. The evolving maker movement has generated interest for its potential role in opening up access to learning and attainment in STEM, with advocates arguing for its “democratizing effects" – with access to a makerspace, “anyone can make... anyone can change the world”. Makerspaces potentially offer opportunities for young people to engage in STEM knowledge and practices in creative and playful ways, where “learning

497-493: A full-fledged industry based on the growing number of DIYers who want to build something rather than buy it. Spurred primarily by the advent of RepRap 3D printing for the fabrication of prototypes , declining cost and broad adoption have opened up new realms of innovation . As it has become cost-effective to make just one item for prototyping (or a small number of household items), this approach can be depicted as personal fabrication for "a market of one person". The rise of

568-611: A fundraising strategy based on the Street Performer Protocol to build Metalab in Vienna , Austria, and became its founding director. In 2007 he and others started Hackerspaces.org, a wiki-based website that maintains a list of many hackerspaces and documents patterns on how to start and run them. As of September  2015 the community list included 1967 hackerspaces with 1199 active sites and 354 planned sites. The advent of crowdfunding and Kickstarter (founded 2009) has put

639-840: A hackerspace is determined by its members. There is a lot of variety in how hackerspaces are organised. Membership fees are usually the main income of a hackerspace, but some also accept external sponsors . Some hackerspaces in the US have 501(c) 3 status (or the equivalent in their jurisdiction), while others have chosen to forgo tax exempt status. University-affiliated hackerspaces often do not charge an explicit fee, but are generally limited to students, staff, or alumni, although visiting guests from other hackerspaces are usually welcome. Some hackerspaces accept volunteer labor in lieu of membership fees, especially from financially limited participants. In addition, some hackerspaces earn income from sponsoring and staffing high-tech flea markets , where members of

710-459: A million open source hardware designs, that allow prosumers to save money by manufacturing their own products rather than purchase them commercially. Thingiverse was started in November 2008 by Zach Smith as a companion site to MakerBot Industries , a DIY 3D printer kit making company. In 2013, Makerbot and Thingiverse were acquired by Stratasys . The open source value creation of Thingiverse

781-426: A negative response to disposables , globalised mass production , the power of chain stores , multinationals and consumerism . In reaction to the rise of maker culture, Barack Obama pledged to open several national research and development facilities to the public. In addition the U.S. federal government renamed one of their national centers "America Makes". The methods of digital fabrication —previously

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852-636: A new hackerspace in Nashua, New Hampshire , was shut down by the city after an inspection in 2011. The main issues involved ventilation of heat and toxic fumes; the space was reopened after improvements were made to the building. The difficulties with opening hackerspaces and makerspaces within non-profit organizations , such as schools and public libraries include cost, space, liability, and availability of personnel. Many makerspaces struggle to sustain viable business models in support of their missions. Hackerspace culture may have more demonstrable challenges than

923-427: A place to share resources for learning. Lately some have reconsidered their roles to include providing resources for hacking and making. Those generally call themselves Library makerspaces . For example, Chattanooga's 4th floor may have been the first use of a library as laboratory and playground for its community. The User Experience (UX) is another public laboratory and educational facility. Or according to Forbes ,

994-574: A school makerspace inside Shenzhen American International School in 2014, and SZ DIY makerspace organized a school makerspace inside Harbour School. Fab labs are spaces (part of a network initiated by MIT's Center for Bits and Atoms ) whose goal is to enable people to "make (almost) anything". They focus heavily on digital fabrication tools. There are many community art spaces share values with hackerspaces. Some, like AS220 and Haystack Mountain School of Crafts have embraced Fab lab structures to expand

1065-468: A series of books about instrument building. Organizations such as Zvex , WORM , STEIM , Death by Audio , and Casper Electronics cater to the do-it-yourself audience, while musicians like Nicolas Collins and Yuri Landman create and perform with custom made and experimental instruments. While still living at home Hugh Le Caine began a lifelong interest in electronic music and sound generation. In 1937, he designed an electronic free reed organ, and in

1136-509: A social environment. Maker culture emphasizes informal, networked, peer-led, and shared learning motivated by fun and self-fulfillment. Maker culture encourages novel applications of technologies, and the exploration of intersections between traditionally separate domains and ways of working including metalworking, calligraphy, filmmaking, and computer programming. Community interaction and knowledge sharing are often mediated through networked technologies, with websites and social media tools forming

1207-677: A subject position beyond the common rhetoric that Chinese citizens lack creativity. As a site of individual empowerment, hackerspace and DIY making enable people to remake the very societal norms and material infrastructures that undergird their work and livelihood. The specific tools and resources available at hackerspaces vary from place to place. They typically provide space for members to work on their individual projects, or to collaborate on group projects with other members. Hackerspaces may also operate computer tool lending libraries, or physical tool lending libraries, up to and including creative sex toys in some instances. The building or facility

1278-519: A variety of platforms. Popular examples of community-based 3D printer projects include the RepRap project and the Contraptor project. Some 3D printers can be almost entirely 3D-printed themselves. DIY technology The maker culture is a contemporary subculture representing a technology-based extension of DIY culture that intersects with hardware -oriented parts of hacker culture and revels in

1349-465: Is and for the making”. However, an explicit equity-agenda has been fairly absent in the maker movement, especially as it relates to sustained engagement in making. The movement remains an adult, white, middle-class pursuit, led by those with the leisure time, technical knowledge, experience, and resources to make. Even with the growth of community-based makerspaces, users of these spaces tend to be white adult men. The median salary for those involved in

1420-636: Is rapidly expanding their makerspace resources to include engineering spaces for all undergraduate & graduate degrees as part of their new Coll curricula. Tool libraries generally lack a shared space for making or hacking things, but instead serve as a repository of tools people can borrow for use in their own respective spaces. " Repair cafés " are semipermanent places where people can come together to teach and learn how to fix things. "Repair clinics" are pop-up events without permanent facilities, though they are often sponsored by organizations such as public libraries, schools, or universities. The emphasis

1491-407: Is that maker culture is unnecessarily fascinated with technology, and that projects are improved when they work to critically consider social concerns - borrowing from the more established disciplines of industrial design and media art practice. Others criticize the maker movement as not even being a movement, and posit that fundamental hypocrisy extends to limit the scope and impact of every aspect of

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1562-1034: The Arduino , Raspberry Pi , BeagleBone Black , and Intel's Galileo and Edison , many of which are open source, are easy to program and connect to devices such as sensors, displays, and actuators. This lowers the barrier to entry for hardware development. Combined with the cloud, this technology enables the Internet of Things . Desktop 3D printing is now possible in various plastics and metals. In combination with DIY open-source microelectronics, they can create autoreplicant 3d printers, such as RepRap . Digital fabrication also includes various subtractive fabrication tech, eg. laser cutting , CNC milling , and knitting machines . To create one's own designs for digital fabrication requires digital design tools, like Solidworks , Autodesk , and Rhinoceros 3D . More recently, less expensive or easier to use software has emerged. Free, open-source software such as FreeCAD can be extremely useful in

1633-539: The Clavivox . John Simonton founded PAiA Electronics in Oklahoma City in 1967 and began offering various small electronics kits through mail order . Starting in 1972 PAiA began producing analog synthesizer kits, in both modular and all-in-one form. Makers can also make or fabricate their own tools. This includes knives , hand tools , lathes , 3-D printers , wood working tools, etc. A kit car , also known as

1704-538: The Fab lab movement and implementation of similar spaces in universities around the world. Non-Fab-Lab-associated Maker and Hackerspaces are also common. Wheaton College is one school pioneering new Hacker and Maker curriculums and spaces, as is Yale University with spaces like its "CEID". Franklin W. Olin College of Engineering has also pioneered Makerist and Hacker curriculum to great success. The Bioengineering Department at

1775-481: The University of Pennsylvania 's School of Engineering and Applied Science combines their educational lab space with an open Bio-MakerSpace in their George H. Stephenson Foundation Educational Laboratory & Bio-MakerSpace (or Biomakerspace or BioMaker Space), encouraging a free flow of ideas, creativity, and entrepreneurship between Bioengineering students and students throughout the university. William & Mary

1846-686: The "Movement." Hackerspace#Equity and justice-centered making A hackerspace (also referred to as a hacklab, hackspace , or makerspace ) is a community-operated, often "not for profit" ( 501(c)(3) in the United States), workspace where people with common interests, such as computers , machining , technology , science , digital art , or electronic art , can meet , socialize , and collaborate . Hackerspaces are comparable to other community-operated spaces with similar aims and mechanisms such as Fab Lab , men's sheds , and commercial "for-profit" companies. In 2006 Paul Böhm came up with

1917-712: The Maker Faire model, similar events which don't use the Maker Faire brand have emerged around the world. A Maker Film Festival was announced for August 2014 Powerhouse Science Center in Durango, Colorado, featuring "Films About Makers, and Makers Making Movies." The Maker movement galvanized in response to the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic , with participants initially directing their skills toward designing Open Source ventilators. They subsequently targeted production of Personal protective equipment (PPE) . Disruption of supply chains

1988-1054: The United Kingdom. Said movements used distributed manufacturing methods; some cooperated with local government entities, local police and the national military to help locate supply shortages and manage distribution. Total production figures sides the maker community exceeded 48.3 million units produced, totaling a market value of about $ 271 million. The most-produced items included face shields (25 million), medical gowns (8 million) and face masks (6 million). The primary modes of production utilized were familiar tools like 3D printing , laser cutting or sewing machines , but multiple maker organizations scaled their production output by pooling funds to afford high-output methods like die cutting or injection molding . The maker movement has at times been criticized for not fulfilling its goals of inclusivity and democratization. Evgeny Morozov 's Making It in The New Yorker , challenging

2059-409: The basis of knowledge repositories and a central channel for information sharing and exchange of ideas, and focused through social meetings in shared spaces such as hackerspaces . Maker culture has attracted the interest of educators concerned about students’ disengagement from STEM subjects (science, technology, engineering and mathematics) in formal educational settings. Maker culture is seen as having

2130-492: The cloud) and licensing agreements. Some example of cloud-based tools include online project repositories like Appropedia and thingiverse , version-controlled collaborative platforms like GitHub and wevolver, knowledge sharing platforms like instructables , HowToMake, wikipedia and other Wikis , including WikiHow and wikifab and platforms for distributed manufacturing like shapeways and 100k garages . Programmable microcontrollers and single-board computers like

2201-659: The concept of fully open makerspaces within its agencies as of 2015 , the first of which (SpaceShop Rapid Prototyping Lab) resides at NASA Ames Research Center . In general, hackerspaces function as centers for peer learning and knowledge sharing , in the form of workshops, presentations, and lectures. They usually also offer social activities for their members, such as game nights and parties. Hackerspaces can be viewed as open community labs incorporating elements of machine shops , workshops , and/or studios where hackers can come together to share resources and knowledge to build and make things. Many hackerspaces participate in

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2272-427: The concept of learning by doing and peer-to-peer learning processes as opposed to formal modes of learning; sharing, solidarity and cooperation”. Hackerspaces have also been described as physical manifestations of the peer production principles. Large opportunity gaps in science and engineering ( STEM ) persist for youth growing up in poverty, and in particular for African American and Latino youth, and have become

2343-482: The creation of new devices as well as tinkering with existing ones. The maker culture in general supports open-source hardware . Typical interests enjoyed by the maker culture include engineering-oriented pursuits such as electronics , robotics , 3-D printing , and the use of computer numeric control tools, as well as more traditional activities such as metalworking , woodworking , and, mainly, its predecessor, traditional arts and crafts . The subculture stresses

2414-518: The design process. Autodesk's Fusion 360 is free for start ups and individuals, and Onshape and Tinkercad are browser-based digital design software. Online project repositories make many parts available for digital fabrication—even for people who are unable to do their own design work. Opendesk is one example of a company which has made a business by designing and hosting projects for distributed digital fabrication. Patreon and Kickstarter are two examples of distributed funding platforms key to

2485-418: The exclusive domain of institutions—have made making on a personal scale accessible, following a logical and economic progression similar to the transition from minicomputers to personal computers in the microcomputer revolution of the 1970s. In 2005, Dale Dougherty launched Make magazine to serve the growing community, followed by the launch of Maker Faire in 2006. The term, coined by Dougherty, grew into

2556-734: The extent to which they can be easily used, by anybody, as often or as seldom as desired, for the accomplishment of a purpose chosen by the user”. From a justice perspective, the open access is important because many makerspaces are pay-to-play. Examples of community-based making spaces include GET City and Mt Elliot , both in Michigan. Universities around the world have at different rates embraced educational possibilities of these spaces. Makerspaces provide colleges and universities with an inspirational environment where innovative connections between technology and curriculum can be utilized for experiential teaching and learning activities MIT has pioneered

2627-557: The first of which (SpaceShop Rapid Prototyping Lab) resides at NASA Ames Research Center . In Europe the popularity of the labs is more prominent than in the US: about three times more labs exist there. Outside Europe and the US, the maker culture is also on the rise, with several hacker or makerspaces being landmarks in their respective cities' entrepreneurial and educational landscape. More precisely: HackerspaceSG in Singapore has been set up by

2698-652: The first public library to open a MakerSpace is the Fayetteville Free Library. In response to the misogyny allegedly shown by the brogrammer culture that sees hackerspaces as "male" spaces, Seattle Attic was founded in the summer of 2013, as the first Feminist Hackerspace in the United States. They were soon followed by Double Union , in San Francisco. Their founding came as a result of The Ada Initiative, and their AdaCamp conferences. Which has also led to

2769-934: The formation of FouFem in Montreal , the Mz Baltazar's Laboratory, a start-up organization and feminist hackspace in Vienna, the Anarchafeminist Hackerhive in San Francisco, the Hacktory in Philadelphia and the Miss Despionas in Tasmania, Australia, and myriad others. Some public schools in the US now also include hackerspaces. The first high school to open a true MakerSpace was in Sebastopol, California , and middle schools followed

2840-471: The future". Cloud computing describes a family of tools in service of the maker movement, enabling increased collaboration, digital workflow, distributed manufacturing (i.e. the download of files that translate directly into objects via a digitized manufacturing process) and sharing economy . This, combined with the open source movement, initially focused on software, has been expanding into open-source hardware , assisted by easy access to online plans (in

2911-695: The general public may buy and sell new and used equipment and supplies. There is a loose, informal tradition at many hackerspaces of welcoming visitors from other similar organizations, whether across town or internationally. Free exchange of ideas, skills, and knowledge are encouraged, especially at periodic gatherings sometimes called "build nights", "open door" or "open house" days. Makerspaces are increasingly being included as learning spaces in schools, learning commons , and other educational facilities. Hackerspaces are widely defined on hackerspaces.org as “community-operated physical places, where people can meet and work on their projects”. The exact functioning of

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2982-527: The greater good - e.g. assistive technologies . The site is owned by Ultimaker and was originally owned by MakerBot Industries and run by one of its founders, Bre Pettis , in Brooklyn, New York . In its terms of use, Thingiverse stipulates that users must not include content that "contributes to the creation of weapons, illegal materials, or is otherwise objectionable." In 2012, Thingiverse removed an uploaded design for an entirely 3D-printed gun. In response,

3053-403: The gun's designers launched the site DEFCAD , designed to host Thingiverse's "censored" files. Whereas many open-source hardware projects focus on project-specific materials, Thingiverse provides a common ground from which derivatives and mashups can form. These derivatives typically involve users modifying or improving existing designs and uploading them back to the site. Because all models on

3124-919: The hackerspace occupies provides physical infrastructure that members need to complete their projects. In addition to, most hackerspaces provide electrical power , computer servers , and networking with Internet connectivity. Well-equipped hackerspaces may provide machine tools , sewing , crafting , art fabrication , audio equipment, video projectors , game consoles , electronic instrumentation (such as oscilloscopes and signal generators ), electronic components and raw materials for hacking, and various other tools for electronics fabrication and creating things. Specialized large-format printers , 3D printers , laser cutters , industrial sewing machines , CNC machine , or water jet cutters may be available for members to use. Some hackerspaces provide food storage and food preparation equipment, and may teach courses in basic or advanced cooking. The individual character of

3195-444: The incorporation of participants’ cultural knowledge and practices, a focus on new literacies; and valuing multiple iterations and failing-forward; and 4) Expanding the outcomes of making to include agency, identity, and the after-life of maker projects. Cutting across these areas are specific attention to gender and computer science, indigenous epistemologies and maker activities, and how makerspaces may ground STEM-rich making in

3266-510: The lived experiences and wisdom of youth of color and their families and communities. One emerging area of studies examines the production of an equitable culture in making, including in-depth longitudinal cases of youth makers in community settings, how youth and community co-design for equitable learning opportunities and outcomes. Hackerspaces can run into difficulties with building codes or other planning regulations, which may not be designed to handle their scope of activities. For example,

3337-764: The major types. This involves making scientific instruments for citizen science or open source labs . With the advent of low-cost digital manufacturing it is becoming increasingly common for scientists as well as amateurs to fabricate their own scientific apparatuses from open source hardware designs. Docubricks is a repository of open source science hardware. Examples of maker culture in food production include baking , homebrewing , winemaking , home roasting coffee , vegoil , pickling , sausage , cheesemaking , yogurt and pastry production. This can also extend into urban agriculture , composting and synthetic biology . Like many other craft objects, also clothing has traditionally been made at home. But within

3408-572: The maker culture is closely associated with the rise of hackerspaces , fablabs and other "makerspaces", of which there are now many around the world, including over 100 each in Germany and the United States. Hackerspaces allow like-minded individuals to share ideas, tools, and skillsets. Some notable hackerspaces which have been linked with the maker culture include Artisan's Asylum , Dallas Makerspace, Noisebridge , NYC Resistor , Pumping Station: One, and TechShop . In addition, those who identify with

3479-791: The maker culture, also clothes has seen a resurgence. Clothes can include sew and no-sew DIY hacks, and pattern-sharing magazines and platforms, such as Burda Style . Especially the open source element has been picked up by a new generation of makers, creating open patterns and platforms for sharing patterns, sewing methods and construction techniques. Hacking has also been a popular reference to DIY clothing and up cycling. Clothing can also include knitted or crocheted clothing and accessories. Some knitters may use knitting machines with varying degrees of automatic patterning. Fully electronic knitting machines can be interfaced to computers running computer-aided design software. Arduino boards have been interfaced to electronic knitting machines to further automate

3550-550: The maker movement in the US is $ 103,000, with 97% of those who go to Maker Faires having college degrees (and 70% have graduate degrees). Only 11% of the contributions to Make Magazine (the periodical credited with launching the Maker Movement) are female. Thus, as the maker movement has become formalized, the powerful knowledge and practices of communities of color or of low-income communities have not yet become central to its discourse. Emerging research has begun to address how

3621-509: The maker movement might address equity concerns broadly. There is recent research in this area, which is challenging the field to consider new directions in the design of maker spaces, in maker space programming and pedagogies, and in how to make sense of the outcomes of making. These include: 1) Expanding what counts as making; 2) Design of makerspaces that foster an open, flexible and welcoming atmosphere to youth; 3) Maker space programs and pedagogies that support an equitable culture of making,

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3692-407: The maker movement. Maker culture is not all about new, digital technologies. Traditional and analog tools remain crucial to the movement. Traditional tools are often more familiar and accessible, which is key to maker culture. In many places and projects where digital fabrication tools are just not suitable, Hand tools are. Maker culture involves many types of making – this section reviews some of

3763-566: The mid-1940s, he built the Electronic Sackbut , now recognised to be one of the first synthesizers . In 1953, Robert Moog produced his own theremin design, and the following year he published an article on the theremin in Radio and Television News. In the same year, he founded RA Moog, selling theremins and theremin kits by mail order from his home. One of his customers, Raymond Scott , rewired Moog's theremin for control by keyboard, creating

3834-522: The movement's potential to actually disrupt or democratize innovation; and Will Holman 's The Toaster Paradox , about Thomas Thwaites ' the Toaster Project 's challenges to the DIY and "Maker impulse." Critical making can also be seen as an argument against or a comment on maker culture, which has been explored by Garnet Hertz , Eric Paulos , John Maeda , Matt Ratto and others. The primary argument

3905-442: The popular weblog Boing Boing . Boing Boing editor Cory Doctorow has written a novel, Makers , which he describes as being "a book about people who hack hardware, business-models, and living arrangements to discover ways of staying alive and happy even when the economy is falling down the toilet". In 2016 Intel sponsored a reality TV show— America's Greatest Makers —where 24 teams of makers compete for $ 1 million. Since 2006

3976-522: The potential to contribute to a more participatory approach and create new pathways into topics that will make them more alive and relevant to learners. Some say that the maker movement is a reaction to the de-valuing of physical exploration and the growing sense of disconnection with the physical world in modern cities. Many products produced by the maker communities have a focus on health (food), sustainable development , environmentalism and local culture , and can from that point of view also be seen as

4047-794: The process. Free People , a popular clothing retailer for young women, often hosts craft nights inside the doors of its Anthropologie locations. Maker cosmetics include perfumes , creams , lotions , shampoos , and eye shadow . Tool kits for maker cosmetics can include beakers , digital scales , laboratory thermometers (if possible, from -20 to 110 °C), pH paper , glass rods , plastic spatulas , and spray to disinfect with alcohol. Perfumes can be created at home using ethanol (96%, or even vodka or everclear ), essential oils or fragrance oils , infused oils , even flavour extracts (such as pure vanilla extract ), distilled or spring water and glycerine . Tools include glass bottles , glass jar , measuring cup / measuring spoons ,

4118-405: The range of media represented in their spaces to include digital fabrication tools. There are also community-based makerspaces focused on open-access to allow community members to address community-based problems. For example, to share resources and access to critical manufacturing equipment. Makerspaces could also be seen as spaces for the co-production of convivial tools that “foster conviviality to

4189-598: The rise of cities, which will host 60% of the human population by 2030, hackerspaces, fablabs and makerspaces will likely gain traction, as they are places for local entrepreneurs to gather and collaborate, providing local solutions to environmental, social or economical issues. The Institute for the Future has launched in this regard Maker Cities as "an open and collaborative online game, to generate ideas about how citizens are changing work, production, governance, learning, well-being, and their neighborhoods, and what this means for

4260-409: The site are open source, this behavior is actively encouraged by the site and community. Thingiverse is one of the first websites to allow customization of parametric designs made with OpenSCAD . OpenSCAD is a free and open source software that uses scripting to design 3D objects. Many 3D printers can be upgraded with 3D-printed parts. Thingiverse users produce many improvements and modifications for

4331-406: The space varies from place to place and is determined by its members and while there is no blueprint or set of guidelines to create a hackerspace, they generally follow a “hacker ethic”, which “include freedom, in the sense of autonomy as well as of free access and circulation of information; distrust of authority, that is, opposing the traditional, industrial top-down style of organization; embracing

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4402-835: The spaces themselves. For more, see: Maker Culture#Criticisms. In 2009, Johannes Grenzfurthner published the much debated pamphlet "Hacking the Spaces", that dealt with exclusionist tendencies in the hackerspaces movement. Grenzfurther extended his critique through lectures at the 2012 and 2014 Hackers on Planet Earth conferences in New York City. Over the years, many hackerspaces have grown significantly in membership, operational budgets, and local media attention. Many have also helped establish other hackerspaces in nearby locations. A lot of places share values similar to those purported by hackspaces, whether or not they use that nomenclature. A few examples follow: Public Libraries have long been

4473-623: The status quo "from within". The first hackerspace in China, Xinchejian , opened in Shanghai in 2010. Thereafter a network of hackerspaces emerged, nourishing an emerging maker culture. By designing open technologies and developing new businesses, Chinese makers make use of the system, make fun of it, altering it and provoking it. DIY makers often bring and align contradictory ideas together, such as copycat and open source, manufacturing and DIY, individual empowerment and collective change. In doing so, they craft

4544-510: The subculture can be found at more traditional universities with a technical orientation, such as MIT and Carnegie Mellon University (specifically around " shop " areas like the MIT Hobby Shop and CMU Robotics Club). As maker culture becomes more popular, hackerspaces and Fab Labs are becoming more common in universities and public libraries. The federal government has started adopting the concept of fully open makerspaces within its agencies,

4615-412: The subculture has held regular events around the world, Maker Faire , which in 2012 drew a crowd of 120,000 attendees. Smaller, community driven Maker Faires referred to as Mini Maker Fairs are also held in various places where an O'Reilly-organised Maker Faire has not yet been held. Maker Faire provides a Mini Maker Faire starter kit to encourage the spread of local Maker Faire events. Following

4686-481: The team now leading the city-state's (and, arguably, South-East Asia's) most prominent accelerator JFDI.Asia. Lamba Labs in Beirut is recognized as a hackerspace where people can collaborate freely, in a city often divided by its different ethnic and religious groups. Xinchejian in Shanghai is China's first hackerspace, which allows for innovation and collaboration in a country known for its strong internet censorship. With

4757-591: The tools required to build hackerspaces within reach of an even wider audience. For example, Bilal Ghalib (who had previously worked on a hackerspace documentary) and others used such tools to bring the hackerspace concept to the Middle East . Worldwide, a large number of hackerspace or makerspace facilities have been founded. Nicole Lou and Katie Peek reported that from 2006 to 2016 the number of active or planned spaces increased to 1,393, fourteen times as many as in 2006. The US federal government has started adopting

4828-501: The trend. For example, White Hill Middle school in Fairfax, California has now opened up their own MakerSpace with a class called "Makers and Hackers". In 2018 Penketh High School became the first school to have a school makerspace in the United Kingdom. "Spark" was designed for students and the community being the first of its kind in the UK. In Shenzhen, China SteamHead makerspace organized

4899-557: The use and development of free software , open hardware , and alternative media . They are often physically located in infoshops , social centers , adult education centers, public schools, public libraries, or on university campuses , but may relocate to industrial or warehouse space when they need more room. Most recent studies of hackerspace in China—where Internet access is heavily censored—suggest that new businesses and organized tech conferences there serve to intervene in

4970-496: Was a major component in the value of Makerbot. Thingiverse received an Honorable Mention in the Digital Communities category of the 2010 ARS Electronica, Prix Ars Electronica international competition for cyber-arts. As of November 2012, 25,000 designs had been uploaded to Thingiverse; by June 2013, the total exceeded 100,000. The 400,000th Thing was published on July 19, 2014. Many of the designs on Thingiverse are meant for

5041-728: Was a mounting problem, particularly in the early days of the pandemic, and compounded with the Shortages related to the COVID-19 pandemic in the medical sectors. The response was largely regional and spread across 86 countries on 6 continents, and coordinated their response, designs and shared insights with each other through intermediary organizations such as Tikkun Olam Makers , the Fab Fouhdation or Open Source Medical Supplies which included more than 70,000 people. National movements emerged in Germany, Brazil, Romania, France, Spain, India, and

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