Misplaced Pages

#717282

67-594: William Lingard debuted at the theater in 1868. Pluto , the first Broadway musical to feature music by David Braham , debuted at the venue in 1869. In 1871, Josh Hart, who had formerly managed the Howard Athenaeum in Boston, took over and made the renamed Theatre Comique a variety house, vying with Tony Pastor to secure the best artists and the biggest popular theater audience in New York. Ned Harrigan and Tony Hart began

134-469: A plot device in storytelling, particularly in narrative ballads , and is a recurring motif in literature, theater, and film. Historically, some women have cross-dressed to take up male-dominated or male-exclusive professions, such as military service. Conversely, some men have cross-dressed to escape from mandatory military service or as a disguise to assist in political or social protest, as men in Wales did in

201-529: A theater building in the United States is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . William Lingard William Redworth Needham (1837–1927), better known by the stage name of William Horace Lingard , was a 19th century American comic singer. William Horace Lingard is the stage name of William Redworth Needham, who was christened in Oakham, England on 27 May 1837, son of George Gilson Needham,

268-480: A baker, and wife Sarah. However, his parents moved their family to London by 1840. On 3 April 1860, under the name of William Thomas, at St Anne, Limehouse, London, he married Amelia Martha Flint (1836–1903). Amelia was also a professional actor under the stage name "Miss Minnie Foster". Together they had a child, William Harry Thomas (1861–1941), born on 7 November 1861. William Harry later became an actor, known professionally as "Horace Lingard junior". However,

335-491: A desire by the protestors to avoid violence and the appearance of criminal groups using the guise of the biblical character Rebecca for their own purposes. In 1844 an Act of Parliament to consolidate and amend the laws relating to turnpike trusts in Wales was passed. A variety of historical figures are known to have cross-dressed to varying degrees. Many women found they had to disguise themselves as men in order to participate in

402-438: A general indication of, and a cognate phenomenon to, homosexuality". In 1928, Havelock Ellis used the two terms "cross-dressing" and "transvestism" interchangeably. The earliest citations for "cross-dress" and "cross-dresser" are 1966 and 1976, respectively. The term en femme ( French: [ɑ̃ fam] ) is a lexical borrowing of a French phrase. It is used in the transgender and crossdressing community to describe

469-432: A magazine called "En Femme" that was "for the transvestite, transsexual, crossdresser, and female impersonator ", En homme ( French: [ɑ̃n‿ɔm] ) is a similar anglicized adaptation of a French phrase, used to describe the act of wearing masculine clothing or expressing a stereotypically masculine personality. The term is derived from the modern colloquial French phrase en tant qu'homme meaning "as

536-863: A male, and vice versa (see crossplay ). Females may choose to chest bind while cosplaying a male character. While creating a more feminine figure, male cross-dressers will may utilize breast forms or breast plates to give the appearance of breasts. Some male cross-dressers may also cinch their waists or use padding to create a profile that appears more stereotypically feminine. While most male cross-dressers utilize clothing associated with modern women, some are involved in subcultures that involve dressing as little girls or in vintage clothing . Some such men have written that they enjoy dressing as femininely as possible, so they wear frilly dresses with lace and ribbons, bridal gowns complete with veils, as well as multiple petticoats , corsets , girdles and/or garter belts with nylon stockings . The term underdressing

603-461: A man might wear both a dress and a beard. This is sometimes known as " genderfuck ". In a broader context, cross-dressing may also refer to other actions undertaken to pass as a particular sex, such as packing (accentuating the male crotch bulge) or, the opposite, tucking (concealing the male crotch bulge). Gender disguise has been used by women and girls to pass as male, and by men and boys to pass as female. Gender disguise has also been used as

670-470: A man that leads her to conclude that, "[Men] have different problems than women have, but they don't have it better", However, Vincent developed controversial opinions about sex and gender, claiming that transgender people are not legitimate until they undergo hormone therapy and surgical intervention. After writing Self-Made Man, Vincent became a victim of depression; she died by medically assisted suicide in 2022. Bacha posh , an Afghan tradition, involves

737-460: A man to penetrate men's social circles and experience life as a man. In 2003, Vincent put her life on pause to adopt a new masculine identity as Ned Vincent. She worked with a makeup artist and vocal coach in order to convincingly play the role of a biological man. She wore an undersized sports bra, a stuffed jock strap, and size 11½ shoes to deceive those around her. In her book, Vincent makes discoveries about socialization, romance, sex, and stress as

SECTION 10

#1732855698718

804-604: A man" and the anglicized adaptation en homme literally translates as "in man". Most crossdressers also use a masculine name whilst en homme . Cross-dressing has been practiced throughout much of recorded history, in many societies, and for many reasons. Examples exist in Greek , Norse , and Hindu mythology . Cross-dressing can be found in theater and religion, such as kabuki , Noh , and Korean shamanism , as well as in folklore, literature, and music. For instance, in examining kabuki culture during Japan's edo period, cross-dressing

871-465: A man. One of the most common instances of gender disguise is in the instance of war/militaristic situations. From Joan of Arc in the 15th century to Mulan from the animated Disney Mulan to young girls in World War II , there have been many different people of many different sexes that disguise themselves as men in order to be able to fight in wars. Born c.  1412 , St Joan of Arc or

938-486: A personal preference for clothing associated with the opposite gender. Some people cross-dress to shock others or challenge social norms ; others will limit their cross-dressing to underwear, so that it is not apparent. Some people attempt to pass as a member of the opposite gender in order to gain access to places or resources they would not otherwise be able to reach. Single-sex theatrical troupes often have some performers who cross-dress to play roles written for members of

1005-515: A run at the theater in 1872, with Harrigan taking over from Hart as manager in the fall of 1876. Harrigan moved on to a New Theatre Comique further up Broadway and the old building was demolished in 1881. 40°43′21″N 73°59′56″W  /  40.722561°N 73.999023°W  / 40.722561; -73.999023 This article about a building or structure in Manhattan is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article about

1072-523: A showy dress, high-heeled shoes, obvious make-up, and wig . A drag queen may imitate famous female film or pop-music stars. A faux queen is a female-assigned person employing the same techniques. A drag king is a counterpart of the drag queen – a female-assigned person who adopts a masculine persona in performance or imitates a male film or pop-music star. Some female-assigned people undergoing Gender-affirming surgery also self-identify as 'drag kings'. The modern activity of battle reenactments has raised

1139-456: A state law prohibiting Muslim men from cross-dressing as women. In the Australian state of Tasmania, cross-dressing in public was made a criminal offence in 1935, and this law was only repealed in 2000. There are many different kinds of cross-dressing and many different reasons why an individual might engage in cross-dressing behavior. Some people cross-dress as a matter of comfort or style,

1206-515: A woman" — a vestige of the 19th century laws. Even with this, legal issues surrounding cross-dressing perpetuated all throughout the mid 20th century. During this time period, police would often reference laws that did not exist or laws that have been repealed in order to target the LGBTQ+ community. Nepal decriminalized cross-dressing in 2007. Only in 2014 did an appeal court in Malaysia finally overturn

1273-534: Is Afghan parliament member Azita Rafaat. Rafaat claims that bacha posh was a positive experience that built her self-confidence in Afghanistan's heavily patriarchal society and gave her a more well rounded understanding of women's issues in Afghanistan. The actual determination of cross-dressing is largely socially constructed . For example, in Western society, trousers have long been adopted for usage by women, and it

1340-566: Is no law that prohibits bacha posh , girls are expected to revert to traditional gender norms upon reaching puberty . According to Thomas Barfield, an anthropology professor at Boston University , bacha posh is "one of the most under-investigated" topics in the realm of gender studies, making difficult to determine exactly how common the practice is in Afghan society. However, some prominent female figures in Afghan society have admitted to being bacha posh in their youth. A more famous example of this

1407-445: Is no longer regarded as cross-dressing. In cultures where men have traditionally worn skirt-like garments such as the kilt or sarong , these are not seen as women's clothing, and wearing them is not seen as cross-dressing for men. In many parts of the world, it remains socially disapproved for men to wear clothes traditionally associated with women. Cosplaying may also involve cross-dressing, for some females may wish to dress as

SECTION 20

#1732855698718

1474-883: Is not synonymous with being transgender . The phenomenon of cross-dressing is seen throughout recorded history, being referred to as far back as the Hebrew Bible . The terms used to describe it have changed throughout history; the Anglo-Saxon -rooted term "cross-dresser" is viewed more favorably than the Latin -origin term " transvestite " in some circles, where it has come to be seen as outdated and derogatory. Its first mention originated in Magnus Hirschfeld's Die Transvestiten ( The Transvestites ) in 1910, originally associating cross-dressing with non-heterosexual behavior or derivations of sexual intent. Its connotations largely changed in

1541-411: Is referred to as passing or "trying to pass", depending how successful the person is. An observer who sees through the cross-dresser's attempt to pass is said to have "read" or "clocked" them. There are videos, books, and magazines on how a man may look more like a woman. Others may choose to take a mixed approach, adopting some feminine traits and some masculine traits in their appearance. For instance,

1608-420: Is the act of wearing clothes traditionally or stereotypically associated with a different gender . From as early as pre-modern history, cross-dressing has been practiced in order to disguise, comfort, entertain, and express oneself. Socialization establishes social norms among the people of a particular society. With regard to the social aspects of clothing , such standards may reflect guidelines relating to

1675-509: Is used by male cross-dressers to describe wearing female undergarments such as panties under their male clothes. The famous low-budget film-maker Edward D. Wood Jr. (who also went out in public dressed in drag as "Shirley", his female alter ego ) said he often wore women's underwear under his military uniform as a Marine during World War II . Female masking is a form of cross-dressing in which men wear masks that present them as female. Some drag kings may use binders or chest plates to give

1742-565: The Boston Athletic Association asking to participate in the race happening that year. When Gibb received her letter back in the mail she was faced with the news that her entry to the race was denied due to her gender. Rather than just accept her fate, Gibb did not take no for an answer and decided to run the marathon anyways—however, she would do it hidden as a man. On the day of the race Gibb showed up in an oversized sweatshirt, her brother's shorts, and men's running shoes. Gibb hid in

1809-482: The Continental Army . These women are just a few among many who have disguised themselves as men in order to be able to fight in many different wars. Others who have used gender disguise for this purpose include Kit Kavanaugh/Christian Davies , Hannah Snell , Sarah Emma Edmonds , Frances Clayton , Dorothy Lawrence , Zoya Smirnow , and Brita Olofsdotter . In some instances, women in journalism deem wearing

1876-514: The Rebecca Riots and when conducting Ceffyl Pren as a form of mob justice. Conversation surrounding exclusion and gender inequality in sports has been around for decades. Some women have dressed as men to enter male sports, or registered in male sports using an alias. Roberta "Bobbi" Gibb is the first woman to have competed in the Boston Marathon . In 1966 Bobbi Gibb wrote a letter to

1943-515: The Theatre Comique , on 6 April 1868—Lingard became known as one of the funniest men of the time. He continued his career in New York, and later became manager of Wood's Theatre there. Lingard's troupe, which included Alice's sister, Harriet Sarah Dunning (who went by the stage name "Dickey Lingard") toured Australia twice, the first time commencing in 1876 and the second commencing in 1879. During his second Australian tour, in 1880, Lingard

2010-426: The 19th century, which is part of the theatrical tradition of female characters portrayed by male actors in drag. Widow Twankey (Aladdin's mother) is a popular pantomime dame: in 2004 Ian McKellen played the role. The Monty Python comedy troupe donned frocks and makeup, playing female roles while speaking in falsetto . Character comics such as Benny Hill and Dick Emery drew upon several female identities. In

2077-453: The 20th century as its use was more frequently associated with sexual excitement, otherwise known as transvestic disorder. This term was historically used to diagnose psychiatric disorders (e.g. transvestic fetishism ), but the former (cross-dressing) was coined by the transgender community. The Oxford English Dictionary gives 1911 as the earliest citation of the term "cross-dressing", by Edward Carpenter : "Cross-dressing must be taken as

Theatre Comique - Misplaced Pages Continue

2144-553: The BBC's long-running sketch show The Dick Emery Show (broadcast from 1963 to 1981), Emery played Mandy, a busty peroxide blonde whose catchphrase, "Ooh, you are awful ... but I like you!", was given in response to a seemingly innocent remark made by her interviewer, but perceived by her as ribald double entendre. The popular tradition of cross dressing in British comedy extended to the 1984 music video for Queen 's " I Want to Break Free " where

2211-623: The British and European context, theatrical troupes (" playing companies ") were all-male, with the female parts undertaken by boy players . The Rebecca Riots took place between 1839 and 1843 in West and Mid Wales . They were a series of protests undertaken by local farmers and agricultural workers in response to unfair taxation. The rioters, often men dressed as women, took their actions against toll-gates , as they were tangible representations of high taxes and tolls. The riots ceased prior to 1844 due to several factors, including increased troop levels,

2278-679: The Maid of Orleans is one of the oldest examples of gender disguise. At 13, after receiving a revelation that she was supposed to lead the French to victory over the English in the 100 years war , Joan donned the clothing of a male soldier in the French army . Joan was able to convince King Charles the VIII to allow her to take the lead of some of the French armies in order to help him get his crown back. Ultimately, Joan of Arc

2345-578: The Trans Legal Mapping Report, done by the International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans, and Intersex Association found that an especially common method to target these individuals is through cross-dressing regulations. For instance, from 1840 forward, United States saw state and city laws forbidding people from appearing in public while dressed in clothes not commonly associated with their assigned sex. The goal of this wave of policies

2412-659: The White Horse Tavern in Mile End Old Town , London, in the 1890s. On 11 August 1883, Lingard (still calling himself a "bachelor") married Alice Dunning legally at Holy Trinity, Grays Inn Road, London. The witnesses on this occasion were Alice's sister Harriet Sarah Dunning and her husband Davison Dalziel . In 1868, Lingard immigrated to America (along with his wife, Alice Dunning Lingard ). He made his comic debut in New York City that year. After this debut—held at

2479-446: The act of wearing feminine clothing or expressing a stereotypically feminine personality. The term is borrowed from the modern French phrase en femme meaning "as a woman", Most crossdressers also use a female name whilst en femme ; that is their "femme name". In the cross-dressing community the persona a man adopts when he dresses as a woman is known as his " femme self". Between 1987 and 1991, JoAnn Roberts and CDS published

2546-544: The art of quick change, eventually becoming able to act the part of some sixteen characters, with only a few seconds for each costume change. Many were impersonations of well-known historical characters, such as Otto von Bismarck , Napoleon III , and Brigham Young . Lingard is chiefly remembered for the well-known vaudeville song, " Captain Jinks of the Horse Marines ", sometimes shortened to simply "Captain Jinks." Lingard wrote

2613-429: The band parody several female characters from the soap opera Coronation Street . Transvestic fetishism is a psychiatric diagnosis applied to people who are sexually aroused by the act of cross-dressing and experience significant distress or impairment – socially or occupationally – because of their behavior. The limit to gynephilic men in the fourth edition of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

2680-455: The bushes until the race started and then joined in with the crowd. Eventually her fellow runners figured out Gibb's real gender but stated that they would make sure that she finished the race. Gibb ended up finishing her first Boston Marathon in 3 hours, 27 minutes and 40 seconds. She crossed the finish line with blistered, bleeding feet from the men's running shoes she was wearing. Gibb's act of defiance influenced other women marathon runners of

2747-431: The child stopped when they became older. The same pattern often continues into adulthood, where there may be confrontations with a spouse, partner, family member or friend. Married cross-dressers can experience considerable anxiety and guilt if their spouse objects to their behavior. Sometimes because of guilt or other reasons cross-dressers dispose of all their clothing, a practice called "purging", only to start collecting

Theatre Comique - Misplaced Pages Continue

2814-515: The crossdressing of young Afghan girls by their families so that they present to the public as boys. Families without sons, or whose sons are heavily outnumbered by daughters, may choose to raise one of their daughters bacha posh for a number of reasons. Having a bacha posh daughter may ease financial burdens, as girls and women are generally prohibited from work in contemporary Afghanistan, and improve their social status, as families with boys tend to be more well regarded in Afghan society. While there

2881-465: The early years of Peking opera , all dan roles were played by men, but this practice is no longer common in any Chinese opera genre. Women have often been excluded from Noh , and men often play female characters in it. Drag is a special form of performance art based on the act of cross-dressing. A drag queen is usually a male-assigned person who performs as an exaggeratedly feminine character, in heightened costuming sometimes consisting of

2948-477: The ease of disguising biological sex with the use of masks and heavy robes. In a non-entertainment context, cross-dressing is also exhibited in Korean shamanism for religious purposes. Specifically, this is displayed in chaesu-gut, a shamanistic rite gut in which a shaman offers a sacrifice to the spirits to intermediate in the fortunes of the intended humans for the gut. Here, cross-dressing serves many purposes. Firstly,

3015-581: The female ones, were played by boys.   In an effort to clamp down on kabuki 's popularity, women's kabuki, known as onna-kabuki , was banned in 1629 in Japan for being too erotic. Following this ban, young boys began performing in wakashū -kabuki , which was also soon banned. Thus adult men play female roles in kabuki. Dan is the general name for female roles in Chinese opera , often referring to leading roles. They may be played by male or female actors. In

3082-418: The identity of a man necessary in order to gather information that is only accessible from the male point of view. In other cases, people cross-dress to navigate certain cultures and/or specific circumstances that involve strict gender norms and expectations. Norah Vincent , author of the book Self-Made Man: One Woman's Journey Into Manhood and Back Again , used gender disguise in order to go undercover as

3149-464: The impression of a more stereotypically male physique, but others forego this. They may also paste or draw on fake facial hair. Drag kings may use a phallic prosthetic for packing to create the appearance of having male genitals. Cross-dressers may begin wearing clothing associated with the opposite sex in childhood, using the clothes of a sibling, parent, or friend. Some parents have said they allowed their children to cross-dress and, in many cases,

3216-398: The lyrics, and the music is attributed to T. Maclagan. It was a popular song of the 19th century, and is still sung to this day, having entered the country-western and bluegrass repertory. The song later became the basis of a stage comedy of the same title, written by Clyde Fitch , and a 1975 opera by Jack Beeson . The song has various renditions. Cross-dressing Cross-dressing

3283-449: The marriage with Amelia Flint fell apart soon afterwards and Lingard bigamously married 19 year old Alice Dunning (1845–1897) at Bristol in June 1866. A decade later, in 1877, Amelia successfully sued Lingard for divorce on the grounds of proven adultery. She was also awarded custody of her child. Amelia later married an East London engineer, William Musto (1828–1896), in 1878. Together they ran

3350-453: The most highly paid players in women's soccer as well. While Kerr now shares the world state with other great women soccer players, as a young child she shared the field with young boys. Kerr grew up in a suburb of Perth where there was little to no access to young girls soccer teams in the direct area. Not having a girls team to play on did not bother Kerr though, she simply played on a youth boys team where all of her teammates just assumed she

3417-549: The opposite sex ( travesti and trouser roles ). Cross-dressing, particularly the depiction of males wearing dresses, was historically used for comic effect onstage and on-screen. Boy player refers to children who performed in Medieval and English Renaissance playing companies . Some boy players worked for the adult companies and performed the female roles as women did not perform on the English stage in this period. Others worked for children's companies in which all roles, not just

SECTION 50

#1732855698718

3484-481: The practice of male stunt doubles taking the place of an actress, parallel to " paint downs ", where white stunt doubles are made up to resemble black actors. Female stunt doubles have begun to protest this norm of "historical sexism", saying that it restricts their already limited job possibilities. Cross-dressing is a traditional popular trope in British comedy . The pantomime dame in British pantomime dates from

3551-571: The question of women passing as male soldiers. In 1989, Lauren Burgess dressed as a male soldier in a U.S. National Park Service reenactment of the Battle of Antietam , and was ejected after she was discovered to be a woman. Burgess sued the Park Service for sexual discrimination . The case spurred spirited debate among Civil War buffs. In 1993, a federal judge ruled in Burgess's favor. "Wigging" refers to

3618-416: The shaman (typically a woman) would cross-dress as both male and female spirits can occupy her. This allows her to represent the opposite sex and become a cross-sex icon in 75% of the time of the ritual. This also allows her to become a sexually liminal being. It is clear that in entertainment, literature, art, and religion, different civilizations have utilized cross-dressing for many different purposes. In

3685-448: The style, color, or type of clothing that individuals are expected to wear. Such expectations may be delineated according to gender roles . Cross-dressing involves dressing contrary to the prevailing standards (or in some cases, laws) for a person of their gender in their own society. The term "cross-dressing" refers to an action or a behavior, without attributing or implying any specific causes or motives for that behavior. Cross-dressing

3752-577: The time like Katherine Switzer , who also registered under an alias to be able to run the race in 1967. It would not be until 1972 until there was an official women's race within the Boston Marathon. Sam Kerr is a forward for the Australian Women's Soccer Team and Chelsea FC in the FA Women's Super League . Kerr has been regarded as one of the best forward players in the sport and has been one of

3819-759: The wider world. For example, it is postulated that Margaret King cross-dressed in the early 19th century to attend medical school, as universities at that time accepted only male students. A century later, Vita Sackville-West dressed as a young soldier in order to "walk out" with her girlfriend Violet Keppel , to avoid the street harassment that two women would have faced. The prohibition on women wearing male garb, once strictly applied, still has echoes today in some Western societies which require girls and women to wear skirts, for example as part of school uniform or office dress codes . In some countries, even in casual settings, women are still prohibited from wearing traditionally male clothing. In many countries, cross-dressing

3886-506: Was a thief in the play cross-dressing as a woman. Cross-dressing was also exhibited in Japanese Noh for similar reasons. Societal standards at the time broke boundaries between gender. For example, ancient Japanese portraits of aristocrats have no clear differentiation in characteristics between male and female beauty. Thus, in Noh performance, the cross-dressing of actors was common; especially given

3953-561: Was abrogated with the passage of the DSM-5. Sometimes either cisgender member of an androphilic and gynephilic couple will cross-dress in order to arouse the other. For example, the male might wear skirts or lingerie and/or the female will wear boxers or other male clothing. (See also forced feminization ) Some people who cross-dress may endeavor to project a complete impression of belonging to another gender, including mannerisms, speech patterns, and emulation of sexual characteristics . This

4020-523: Was also a boy. Kerr states in her book My Journey to the World Cup that she continued to hide her gender because she did not want to be treated any differently. In her book Kerr also revealed that when one of her teammates found out that she was, in fact a girl, he cried. While Kerr's act of hiding her gender was initially an accident, it is still an example of how women (and in the case a young girl) can create opportunities for themselves by looking or acting as

4087-406: Was illegal under laws that identified it as indecent or immoral. Many such laws were challenged in the late 1900s giving people the right to freedom of gender expression with regard to their clothing. There still remains 13 UN member states that explicitly criminalize transgender individuals, and there exist even more countries that use a great deal of diverse laws to target them. The third edition of

SECTION 60

#1732855698718

4154-459: Was not only used for theater purposes, but also because current societal trends: cross-dressing and the switching of genders was a familiar concept to the Japanese at the time which allowed them to interchange characters's genders easily and incorporate geisha fashion into men's wear. This was especially common in the story-telling of ancient stories such as the character Benten from Benten Kozō . He

4221-530: Was revealed when she had to receive medical care. Following an honorable discharge , Deborah petitioned congress for her full pay that was withheld on the grounds of being an "invalid soldier" and eventually received it. She died in 1827 at age 66. Even after her death, Deborah Sampson continues to be a "hero of the American Revolution ". In 2019, a diary from corporal Abner Weston shares about Deborah Sampson's previously unknown first attempt to enlist in

4288-557: Was successful in claiming victory over the English but was captured in 1430 and found guilty of heresy , leading to her execution in 1431 . The impact of her actions was seen even after Joan's death. During the suffragette movement, Joan of Arc was used as an inspiration for the movement, particularly in Britain where many used her actions as fuel for their fight for political reform . Born in 1760 in Plympton, Massachusetts , Deborah Sampson

4355-567: Was successfully sued in the Supreme Court of the Australian Colony of Victoria by Gilbert and Sullivan for his unauthorised production of HMS  Pinafore . This most likely prompted "The Wreck of the Pinafore" which was written by Lingard and set to music by Luscombe Searelle . Lingard often appeared on stage in drag , in the high fashion style of the era. Additionally, he mastered

4422-511: Was the first female soldier in the US Army . The only woman in the Revolution to receive a full military pension , at age 18 Deborah took the name "Robert Shirtleff" and enlisted in union forces . In her capacity as a soldier, she was very successful, being named captain and leading an infantry in the capture of 15 enemy soldiers among other things. One and a half years into service, her true sex

4489-407: Was to create a tool that would enforce a normative gender narrative, targeting multiple gender identities across the gender spectrum. With the progression of time, styles, and societal trends, it became even more difficult to draw the line between what was cross-dressing or not. Only recently have these laws changed. As recently as 2011, it was still possible for a man to get arrested for "impersonating

#717282