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25-447: The Rising Nepal was established on 16 December 1965 (1 Poush 2022 BS ) by the then Panchayat Government . Barun Shumsher Rana served as the founding chief editor. The newspaper was priced at 15 paisa. The launching copy of the newspaper was discovered in 2021 in the archives of Krishna Bhakta Shrestha, one of the founding reporters. It was handed over to Madan Puraskar Pustakalaya for archiving. The historical first copy also contains

50-536: A signature of the then Crown Prince of Nepal Birendra Shah . This Nepal -related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Bikram Sambat Traditional Vikram Samvat ( ISO : Vikrama Saṁvata ; abbreviated VS), also known as the Vikrami calendar is a national Hindu calendar historically used in the Indian subcontinent and still also used in several Indian states and Nepal . It

75-450: A variable duration ranging from 29 to 32 days. The lunar days are called tithis . Each month has 30 tithis , which vary in length from 20 to 27 hours. The waxing phase , beginning with the day after the new moon ( amavasya ) , is called gaura or shukla paksha (the bright or auspicious fortnight). The waning phase is called krishna or vadhya paksha (the dark fortnight, considered inauspicious). The classical Vikram Samvat

100-555: Is 56.7 years ahead of the solar Gregorian calendar ; the year 2081 BS begins mid-April 2024 CE, and ends mid-April 2025 CE. The Rana dynasty of Nepal made the Bikram Sambat the official Hindu calendar in 1901 CE, which began as 1958 BS . The new year in Nepal begins with the first day of the month of Baisakh , which usually falls around 13–15 April in the Gregorian calendar and ends with

125-661: Is a solar calendar , using twelve to thirteen lunar months each solar sidereal years . The year count of the Vikram Samvat calendar is usually 57 years ahead of the Gregorian calendar , except during January to April, when it is ahead by 56 years. The Vikram Samvat calendar (also called Bikram Sambat in Nepali) should not be confused with the Nepal Sambat , a much more recent innovation. A number of ancient and medieval inscriptions used

150-572: Is generally 57 years ahead of Gregorian Calendar, except during January to April, when it is ahead by 56 years. The month that the new year starts varies by region or sub-culture. Upto 13 April 2025, it will be 2081 BS in the BS calendar. The names of months in the Vikram Samvat in Sanskrit and Nepali, with their roughly corresponding Gregorian months, respectively are: Vincent Arthur Smith Vincent Arthur Smith CIE (3 June 1843 – 6 February 1920)

175-552: Is the "Harsha Vikramaditya" mentioned in Kalhana 's Rajatarangini . Some earlier scholars believed that the Vikram Samvat corresponded to the Azes era of the Indo-Scythian (Śaka) king King Azes . This was disputed by Robert Bracey after the discovery of an inscription of Vijayamitra , which is dated in two eras. The theory was discredited by Falk and Bennett, who place the inception of

200-512: The Chauhana ruler Chandamahasena, was found at Dholpur and is dated "Vikrama Samvat 898, Vaishakha Shukla 2, Chanda" (20 April 842). The earliest known inscription which associates the era with a king called Vikramaditya is dated 971, and the earliest literary work connecting the era to Vikramaditya is Subhashita-Ratna-Sandoha (993-994) by the Jain author Amitagati. A number of authors believe that

225-618: The Nanakshahi calendar . Like the Hebrew and Chinese calendars, the Vikram Samvat is lunisolar . In common years, the year is 354 days long, while a leap month ( adhik maas ) is added in accordance to the Metonic cycle roughly once every three years (or 7 times in a 19-year cycle) to ensure that festivals and crop-related rituals fall in the appropriate season. Early Buddhist communities in India adopted

250-612: The 9th century, epigraphical artwork began using Vikram Samvat (suggesting that the Hindu calendar era in use became popular as Vikram Samvat); Buddhist and Jain epigraphy continued to use an era based on the Buddha or the Mahavira. According to popular tradition, King Vikramaditya of Ujjain established the Vikrama Samvat era after defeating the Śakas . Kalakacharya Kathanaka ( An account of

275-583: The Azes era in 47–46 BCE. The Vikram Samvat has been used by Hindus , Sikhs , and Pashtuns . One of several regional Hindu calendars in use on the Indian subcontinent , it is based on twelve synodic lunar months and 365 solar days . The lunar year begins with the new moon of the month of Chaitra . This day, known as Chaitra Sukhladi, is a restricted (optional) holiday in India. The calendar remains in use by people in Nepal serving as its national calendar where

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300-666: The Hindi version of the preamble of the constitution of India , the date of its adoption (26 November 1949) is presented in Vikram Samvat as Margsheersh Shukla Saptami Samvat 2006. A call has been made for the Vikram Samvat to replace the Saka calendar as India's official calendar. The Vikram Samvat uses lunar months and solar sidereal years . Because 12 months do not match a sidereal year, correctional months ( adhika māsa ) are added or (occasionally) subtracted ( kshaya masa ). A lunar year consists of 12 months, and each month has two fortnights , with

325-437: The Vikram Samvat was not started by Vikramaditya, who might be a legendary king or a title adopted by a later king who renamed the era after himself. V. A. Smith and D. R. Bhandarkar believed that Chandragupta II adopted the title of Vikramaditya, and changed the era's name to "Vikrama Samvat". According to Rudolf Hoernlé , the king responsible for this change was Yashodharman . Hoernlé believed that he conquered Kashmir and

350-556: The Vikram Samvat. Although it was reportedly named after the legendary king Vikramaditya , the term "Vikrama Samvat" does not appear in the historical record before the 9th century; the same calendar system is found with other names, such as Krita and Malava. In colonial scholarship, the era was believed to be based on the commemoration of King Vikramaditya expelling the Sakas from Ujjain . However, later epigraphical evidence and scholarship suggest that this theory has no historical basis. During

375-432: The ancient Hindu calendar , followed by the Vikram Samvat and local Buddhist calendars . Buddhist festivals are still scheduled according to a lunar system. The Vikram Samvat has two systems. It began in 56 BCE in the southern Hindu calendar system ( amaanta ) and 57–56 BCE in the northern system ( purnimaanta ). The Shukla Paksha, when most festivals occur, coincides in both systems. The lunisolar Vikram Samvat calendar

400-409: The emperors Ashoka and Akbar respectively, which he went on to revise several times, updating them to reflect new research and information. He also wrote and published two comprehensive volumes on Indian history, The Early History of India and The Oxford History of India, as well as a book about the history of fine arts in India and Sri Lanka. Smith was honoured with the award of Companion of

425-472: The first month is Baisakh and the last month is Chaitra. It is also symbolically used by Hindus of north, west and central India. Alongside Nepal Sambat , Bikram Sambat is one of two official calendars used in Nepal. In south India and portions of east and west India (such as Assam, West Bengal and Gujarat), the Indian national calendar is widely used. With the arrival of Islamic rule, the Hijri calendar became

450-452: The last day of the month Chaitra . The first day of the new year is a public holiday in Nepal. Bisket Jatra , an annual carnival in Bhaktapur , is also celebrated on Baishakh 1. In 2007, Nepal Sambat was also recognised as a national calendar alongside Bikram Sambat. In India, the reformulated Saka calendar is officially used (except for computing dates of the traditional festivals). In

475-529: The monk Kalakacharya ), by the Jain sage Mahesarasuri, gives the following account: Gandharvasena, the then-powerful king of Ujjain, abducted a nun called Sarasvati, who was the sister of the monk. The enraged monk sought the help of the Śaka ruler King Sahi in Sistan . Despite heavy odds but aided by miracles, the Śaka king defeated Gandharvasena and made him a captive. Sarasvati was repatriated, although Gandharvasena himself

500-731: The official calendar of sultanates and the Mughal Empire . During British colonial rule of the Indian subcontinent, the Gregorian calendar was adopted and is commonly used in urban areas of India. The predominantly-Muslim countries of Pakistan and Bangladesh have used the Islamic calendar since 1947, but older texts included the Vikram Samvat and Gregorian calendars. In 2003, the India-based Sikh Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee controversially adopted

525-636: The post of Chief Secretary to the government in 1898, becoming a Commissioner the same year. Throughout this period he was a prolific writer on Indian history, and finally left the service early to devote more time to this, in 1900, returning to England. Moving first to Cheltenham , by 1910 Smith was settled in Oxford where he joined St John's College and was appointed a Curator of the Indian Institute . Following his retirement, Smith wrote several monographs on Indian history. These included two monographs on

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550-469: The subsequent Shaka-era calendar was started in 78 CE at Pratishthana. The association of the era beginning in 57 BCE with Vikramaditya is not found in any source before the 9th century CE; earlier sources call the era "Kṛṭa" (343 and 371 CE), "Kritaa" (404), "the era of the Malava tribe " (424), or simply "Samvat". The earliest known inscription which calls the era "Vikrama" is from 842. This inscription, from

575-644: Was an Irish Indologist , historian, member of the Indian Civil Service , and curator. He was one of the prominent figures in Indian historiography during the British Raj . In the 1890s, he was key to exposing the forgeries of Alois Anton Führer , then working for the Archaeological Survey of India , who Smith caught in the act of making fake inscriptions. Smith was born in Dublin on 3 June 1843 which

600-454: Was forgiven. The defeated king retired to the forest, where he was killed by a tiger. His son, Vikramaditya, being brought up in the forest, had to rule from Pratishthana (modern Paithan in Maharashtra ). Later on, Vikramaditya invaded Ujjain and drove away from the Śakas. To commemorate this event, he started a new era called the "Vikrama era". The Ujjain calendar started around 58–56 BCE, and

625-511: Was then part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland . His father was Aquilla Smith , well known in medical and numismatic circles in Dublin and London. After graduating from Trinity College Dublin , he passed the final examination for the Indian Civil Service in 1871, at "the head of the list", and served in what is now Uttar Pradesh until 1900, in the regular ICS roles, rising to

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