The Langs' Fairy Books are a series of 25 collections of true and fictional stories for children published between 1889 and 1913 by Andrew Lang and his wife, Leonora Blanche Alleyne . The best known books of the series are the 12 collections of fairy tales also known as Andrew Lang's "Coloured" Fairy Books or Andrew Lang's Fairy Books of Many Colors . In all, the volumes feature 798 stories, besides the 153 poems in The Blue Poetry Book .
31-407: Leonora Blanche Alleyne (1851–1933) was an English author , editor , and translator . Known to her family and friends as Nora, she assumed editorial control of the series in the 1890s, while her husband, Andrew Lang (1844–1912), a Scots poet , novelist , and literary critic , edited the series and wrote prefaces for its entire run. According to Anita Silvey , "The irony of Lang's life and work
62-481: A first printing of 10,000 copies. Sources include French , Russian , Danish , and Romanian tales as well as Norse mythology . [REDACTED] Media related to The Red Fairy Book at Wikimedia Commons Contains 153 poems by great British and American poets. In his Preface to this volume, Lang expressed the view that it would be "probably the last" of the collection. Their continuing popularity, however, demanded subsequent collections. In The Green Fairy Book,
93-539: A preface to The Lilac Fairy Book (1910), "The fairy books have been almost wholly the work of Mrs. Lang, who has translated and adapted them from the French, German, Portuguese, Italian, Spanish, Catalan, and other languages." The 12 Coloured Fairy Books were illustrated by Henry Justice Ford , with credit for the first two volumes shared by G. P. Jacomb-Hood and Lancelot Speed , respectively. A. Wallis Mills also contributed some illustrations. The best-known volumes of
124-621: A variety of subjects, including ghost stories, Native American legends, true stories, and tales from Washington Irving . Author Too Many Requests If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below. Request from 172.68.168.151 via cp1112 cp1112, Varnish XID 396263972 Upstream caches: cp1112 int Error: 429, Too Many Requests at Fri, 29 Nov 2024 05:47:22 GMT Primula#Garden hybrids and cultivars 528; see text Primula ( / ˈ p r ɪ m j ʊ l ə / )
155-473: A variety of subjects, including true stories, Greek myths , and stories from Alexandre Dumas , Walter Scott and Edgar Allan Poe . Published by Longmans as written by "Mrs. Lang"; illustrated by H. J. Ford ( LCCN 12-24314 ). Contains 23 stories about saints . Most of these are true stories, although a few legends are also included. Published after Andrew Lang's death, with an introduction by Leonora Blanche Lang. Contains thirty-four stories on
186-554: A wide range of tales, with seven from the Brothers Grimm, five from Madame d'Aulnoy, three from the Arabian Nights , and four Norwegian fairytales , among other sources. The Blue Fairy Book was the first volume in the series, and so it contains some of the best known tales, taken from a variety of sources. [REDACTED] Media related to Blue Fairy Book at Wikimedia Commons The Red Fairy Book appeared at Christmas 1890 in
217-406: Is a genus of herbaceous flowering plants in the family Primulaceae . They include the primrose ( P. vulgaris ), a familiar wildflower of banks and verges. Other common species are P. auricula (auricula), P. veris (cowslip), and P. elatior (oxlip). These species and many others are valued for their ornamental flowers . They have been extensively cultivated and hybridised (in
248-435: Is a complex and varied genus, with a range of habitats from alpine slopes to boggy meadows. Plants bloom mostly during the spring, with flowers often appearing in spherical umbels on stout stems arising from basal rosettes of leaves; their flowers can be purple, yellow, red, pink, blue, or white. Some species show a white mealy bloom (farina) on various parts of the plant. Many species are adapted to alpine climates . Primula
279-543: Is found in the humid and moderate climate regions of the Northern Hemisphere, predominantly in the forest belt, plain meadows, Alpine lawns, and nival and meadow tundras . Primulas are used as a food plant by the Duke of Burgundy butterfly . Primula species have been extensively cultivated and hybridised , mainly derived from P. elatior , P. juliae , P. veris and P. vulgaris . Polyanthus ( Primula × polyantha )
310-652: Is listed only as "from the Russo-Karelian ". Lang repeatedly explained in the prefaces that the tales which he told were all old and not his, and that he found new fairy tales no match for them: But the three hundred and sixty-five authors who try to write new fairy tales are very tiresome. They always begin with a little boy or girl who goes out and meets the fairies of polyanthuses and gardenias and apple blossoms: "Flowers and fruits, and other winged things". These fairies try to be funny, and fail; or they try to preach, and succeed. Real fairies never preach or talk slang. At
341-471: Is one such group of plants, which has produced a large variety of strains in all colours, usually grown as annuals or biennials and available as seeds or young plants. Another huge range of cultivars, known as auriculas, are derived from crosses between P. auricula and P. hirsuta (among others). Specialist nurseries and auricula societies support the growing and showing of these choice strains. The following hybrid varieties and cultivars have gained
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#1732859242448372-616: Is that although he wrote for a profession—literary criticism; fiction; poems; books and articles on anthropology , mythology , history, and travel ... he is best recognized for the works he did not write." The authorship and translation of the Coloured Fairy Books is often and incorrectly attributed to Andrew Lang alone. Nora is not named on the front cover or spines of any of the Coloured Fairy Books, which all tout Andrew as their editor. However, as Andrew acknowledges in
403-585: The Arabian Nights , adapted for children. The story of Aladdin is in this volume as well as in the Blue Fairy Book . Contains 46 stories about real and mythical animals. Some of them are simple accounts of how animals live in the wild. Others are stories about pets, or remarkable wild animals, or about hunting expeditions. Thirty-five stories, many from oral traditions, and others from French, German and Italian collections. Romania, Japan, Serbia , Lithuania , Africa, Portugal, and Russia are among
434-757: The Baltic , and elsewhere. The Brown Fairy Book contains stories from the American Indians , Australian Bushmen and African Sothos , and from Persia , Lapland , Brazil , and India . [REDACTED] Media related to Brown Fairy Book at Wikimedia Commons Contains 29 stories from various medieval and Renaissance romances of chivalry, adapted for children. Includes stories about Don Quixote , Charlemagne, Bevis of Hampton and Guy of Warwick . Includes 33 tales from Jutland, Rhodesia, Uganda, and various other European traditions. The Olive Fairy Book includes unusual stories from Turkey , India, Denmark, Armenia ,
465-462: The taxonomic classification of Primula. Primula is a member of the Primulaceae family . The most complete treatment of the family, with nearly 1000 species arranged into 22 genera, was by Pax and Knuth in 1905. Primula is the largest genus in the family Primulaceae , within which it is placed in the subfamily Primuloideae , being the nominative genus. The position of Primula within
496-933: The Sudan, and the pen of Anatole France . [REDACTED] Media related to The Olive Fairy Book (Andrew Lang) at Wikimedia Commons Published by Longmans as written by "Mrs. Lang"; illustrated by H. J. Ford ( LCCN 08-28404 ). Contains 14 stories about the childhoods of European monarchs, including Napoleon , Elizabeth I , and Frederick the Great . Published by Longmans as written by "Mrs. Lang"; illustrated by H. J. Ford ( LCCN 09-17962 ). Contains 12 true stories about role models for children, including Hannibal , Florence Nightingale , and Saint Thomas More . The Lilac Fairy Book contains stories from Portugal, Ireland , Wales , and points East and West. Published by Longmans as written by "Mrs. Lang"; illustrated by H. J. Ford.( LCCN 11-27934 ). Contains 30 stories on
527-549: The case of the primrose, for many hundreds of years). Primula are native to the temperate Northern Hemisphere , south into tropical mountains in Ethiopia , Indonesia , and New Guinea , and in temperate southern South America . Almost half of the known species are from the Himalayas . Primula has over 500 species in traditional treatments, and more if certain related genera are included within its circumscription . Primula
558-413: The collections of Kate Douglas Wiggin and Nora Archibald Smith . Some of Lang's collected stories were included without any attribution at all (e.g., " The Blue Mountains "), and the rest are listed with brief notes. The sources can be tracked down when given as " Grimm " or " Madame d'Aulnoy " or attributed to a specific collection, but other notes are less helpful. For instance, " The Wonderful Birch "
589-848: The eastern Himalayan mountain chain and western China ( Yunnan Province ), constituting a centre of diversity . Other centres of diversity are a western Asian centre ( Caucasus , European mountain ranges from the Pyrenees , through the Alps to the Carpathian Mountains ), mountains of East Asia and those of western North America. Primula is found in mountainous or higher latitude zones of North America, Europe, and Asia, with extension into South America, Africa (mountains of Ethiopia) and tropical Asia (islands of Java and Sumatra). About 25 species occur in North America (represented in five sections). Primula
620-408: The end, the little boy or girl wakes up and finds that he has been dreaming. Such are the new fairy stories. May we be preserved from all the sort of them! The collections were specifically intended for children and were bowdlerised , as Lang explained in his prefaces. J. R. R. Tolkien stated in his essay " On Fairy-Stories " (1939) that he appreciated the collections but objected to his editing
651-506: The family and its relationship to other genera is shown in this cladogram : Maesa Clavija Samolus Primula Lysimachia Myrsine The genus Dodecatheon originated from within Primula , its species are now included in Primula . The classification of the genus Primula has been investigated by botanists for over a century. As the genus is both large and diverse (with about 430–500 species), botanists have organized
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#1732859242448682-498: The series are the 12 Fairy Books , each of which is distinguished by its own color. The Langs did not collect any fairy tales from oral primary sources , yet only they and Madame d'Aulnoy (1651–1705) have collected tales from such a large variety of sources. These collections have been immensely influential; the Langs gave many of the tales their first appearance in English. Andrew selected
713-680: The sources of these 35 stories that tell of a haunted forest, chests of gold coins, a magical dog, and a man who outwits a dragon. [REDACTED] Media related to The Violet Fairy Book at Wikimedia Commons Contains nineteen stories from various medieval and Renaissance romances of chivalry , adapted for children. Includes stories about King Arthur , Charlemagne , William of Orange , and Robin Hood . [REDACTED] Media related to The book of romance (1902) at Wikimedia Commons These 36 stories originated in Hungary, Russia, Finland , Iceland, Tunisia,
744-507: The species in various sub-generic groups. The most common is division into a series of thirty sections. Some of these sections (e.g. Vernales , Auricula ) contain many species; others contain only one. Species include: The word primula is the Latin feminine diminutive of primus , meaning first (prime), applied to flowers that are among the first to open in spring. Although there are over 400 species of Primula , about 75% are found in
775-633: The stories for children. He also criticized Lang for including stories without magical elements in them, with " The Heart of a Monkey " given as an example, where the monkey merely claims (falsely) that his heart is outside his body, unlike " The Giant Who Had No Heart in His Body " or other similar stories, where the villain really does keep his heart in some safer location than his chest. However, many fairy tale collectors include tales with no strictly marvelous elements. The first edition consisted of 5,000 copies, which sold for 6 shillings each. The book assembled
806-499: The tales for the first four books, while Nora took over the series thereafter. She and other translators did a large portion of the translating and retelling of the actual stories. Lang's urge to gather and publish fairy tales was rooted in his own experience with the folk and fairy tales of his home territory along the Anglo-Scottish border . British fairy tale collections were rare at the time; Dinah Craik 's The Fairy Book (1869)
837-423: The third in the series, Lang has assembled stories from Spanish and Chinese traditions. [REDACTED] Media related to Green Fairy Book at Wikimedia Commons Contains 24 true stories, mainly drawn from European history. [REDACTED] Media related to The true story book (1893) at Wikimedia Commons Its initial printing was 15,000 copies. The Yellow Fairy Book is a collection of tales from all over
868-749: The world. It features many tales from Hans Christian Andersen . [REDACTED] Media related to The yellow fairy book (1906) at Wikimedia Commons Contains 30 true stories, mainly drawn from European history. Includes the life of Joan of Arc and the Jacobite uprising of 1745 . Contains 65 stories about animals. Some of them are simple accounts of how animals live in the wild. Others are stories about pets, or remarkable wild animals, or about hunting expeditions. Many are taken from Alexandre Dumas . Forty-one Japanese , Scandinavian , and Sicilian tales. [REDACTED] Media related to The pink fairy book (1897) at Wikimedia Commons Contains 34 stories from
899-418: Was a lonely precedent. According to Roger Lancelyn Green, Lang "was fighting against the critics and educationists of the day" who judged the traditional tales' "unreality, brutality, and escapism to be harmful for young readers, while holding that such stories were beneath the serious consideration of those of mature age". Over a generation, Lang's books worked a revolution in this public perception. The series
930-631: Was immensely popular, helped by Lang's reputation as a folklorist and by the packaging device of the uniform books. The series proved of great influence in children's literature, increasing the popularity of fairy tales over tales of real life. It inspired such imitators as English Fairy Tales (1890) and More English Fairy Tales (1894) by Joseph Jacobs . Other followers included the American The Oak-Tree Fairy Book (1905), The Elm-Tree Fairy Book (1909), and The Fir-Tree Fairy Book (1912) series edited by Clifton Johnson (author) , and
961-470: Was known at least as early as the mediaeval herbalists , although first formally described as a genus by Linnaeus in 1753, and later in 1754 in his Flora Anglica . Linnaeus described seven species of Primula . One of its earliest scientific treatments was that of Charles Darwin study of heterostyly in 1877 ( The different forms of flowers on plants of the same species ). Since then, heterostyly (and homostyly) have remained important considerations in