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22-525: The Elders may refer to: The Elders (band) , a band from Missouri, US The Elders (album) The Elders ( Charmed ) , a type of magical being in Charmed The Elders (organization) , an international non-government organization See also [ edit ] Elder (disambiguation) Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with

44-554: A dry cough, feeling tired, weight loss, and nail clubbing . Complications may include pulmonary hypertension , respiratory failure , pneumothorax , and lung cancer . Causes include environmental pollution, certain medications, connective tissue diseases , infections, and interstitial lung diseases . But in most cases the cause is unknown ( idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis ). Diagnosis may be based on symptoms, medical imaging , lung biopsy , and lung function tests . No cure exists and treatment options are limited. Treatment

66-516: A history of pulmonary fibrosis. Autosomal dominant mutations in the TERC or TERT genes, which encode telomerase , have been identified in about 15% of pulmonary fibrosis patients. Diseases and conditions that may cause pulmonary fibrosis as a secondary effect include: Pulmonary fibrosis involves a gradual replacement of normal lung tissue with fibrotic tissue . Such scar tissue causes an irreversible decrease in oxygen diffusion capacity, and

88-527: Is common because, while pulmonary fibrosis is not rare, each type is uncommon and evaluation of patients with these diseases is complex and requires a multidisciplinary approach. Terminology has been standardized but difficulties still exist in their application. Even experts may disagree on the classification of some cases. On spirometry , as a restrictive lung disease, both the FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in 1 second) and FVC (forced vital capacity ) are reduced so

110-501: Is directed toward improving symptoms and may include oxygen therapy and pulmonary rehabilitation . Certain medications may slow the scarring. Lung transplantation may be an option. At least 5 million people are affected globally. Life expectancy is generally less than five years. Symptoms of pulmonary fibrosis are mainly: Pulmonary fibrosis is suggested by a history of progressive shortness of breath ( dyspnea ) with exertion. Sometimes fine inspiratory crackles can be heard at

132-531: Is pulmonary fibrosis. The biggest concerns about pulmonary fibrosis and the increase of respiratory follow-up after COVID-19 are expected to be solved in the near future. Older age with decreased lung function and/or preexisting comorbidities, such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and obesity increase the risk of developing fibrotic lung alterations in COVID-19 survivors with lower exercise tolerance. According to one study, 40% of COVID-19 patients develop

154-433: Is termed "idiopathic". Most idiopathic cases are diagnosed as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis . This is a diagnosis of exclusion of a characteristic set of histologic/pathologic features known as usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP). In either case, a growing body of evidence points to a genetic predisposition in a subset of patients. For example, a mutation in surfactant protein C (SP-C) has been found in some families with

176-566: Is thought to play a central role in the development of many forms of pulmonary fibrosis. The goal of treatment with immunosuppressive agents such as corticosteroids is to decrease lung inflammation and subsequent scarring. Responses to treatment vary. Those whose conditions improve with immunosuppressive treatment probably do not have idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis has no significant treatment or cure. Hypoxia caused by pulmonary fibrosis can lead to pulmonary hypertension , which in turn can lead to heart failure of

198-528: The COVID-19 pandemic , deaths of people with pulmonary fibrosis increased due to the rapid loss of pulmonary function. The consequences of COVID-19 include a large cohort of patients with both fibrosis and progressive lung impairment. Long-term follow-up studies are showing long-term impairment of lung function and radiographic abnormalities suggestive of pulmonary fibrosis for patients with lung comorbidities. The most common long-term consequence in COVID-19 patients

220-462: The FEV1/FVC ratio is normal or even increased, in contrast to obstructive lung disease, where this ratio is reduced. The values for residual volume and total lung capacity are generally decreased in restrictive lung disease. Pulmonary fibrosis creates scar tissue. The scarring is permanent once it has developed. Slowing the progression and prevention depends on the underlying cause: The immune system

242-519: The United States , Ireland , and Europe . They also appeared in the 2008 Music Documentary entitled "American Music: OFF THE RECORD; alongside Jackson Browne, Johnny Winter and Les Paul; Dir. Benjamin Meade. Since forming in 1998, The Elders have released six studio albums, four live albums, one compilation album and three DVDs. The Elders are fronted by Ian Byrne, a native of Ireland 's County Wicklow ,

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264-616: The right ventricle . Hypoxia can be prevented by oxygen supplementation. Pulmonary fibrosis may also result in an increased risk of pulmonary emboli , which can be prevented by anticoagulants . Globally, the prevalence and incidence of pulmonary fibrosis has been studied in the United States, Norway, Czech Republic, Greece, United Kingdom, Finland, and Turkey, with only two studies in Japan and Taiwan. But most of these studies were of people already diagnosed with pulmonary fibrosis, which lowers

286-458: The Gem" concert show was broadcast on more than 100 PBS stations. In 2018, the band discontinued regular touring. On September 30, 2020, it was announced that guitarist Steve Phillips died due to pulmonary fibrosis caused by COVID-19 . Pulmonary fibrosis Pulmonary fibrosis is a condition in which the lungs become scarred over time. Symptoms include shortness of breath ,

308-549: The Tide , Gael Day , Wanderin' Life & Times , Story Road , and True , as well as four live albums " The Best Crowd We Ever Had ", " Live at the Gem ", "Alive and Live in Ireland" (which also included a documentary film of the same name by Benjamin Meade) and "The Elders: Hoolie", and one compilation album, "The Best of The Elders Volume 1" which includes some live tracks. They have toured in

330-465: The U.S. could range from more than 29,000 to almost 132,000, based on the population in 2000 that was 18 years or older. The actual number may be significantly higher due to misdiagnosis. Typically, patients are in their forties and fifties when diagnosed, while the incidence of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis increases dramatically after age 50. But loss of pulmonary function is commonly ascribed to old age, heart disease, or more common lung diseases. Since

352-750: The band also consists of guitarist Steve Phillips (formerly of The Rainmakers ), bassist Norm Dahlor, violinist and keyboardist Brent Hoad (formerly of The Secrets), drummer Kian Byrne, and fiddler Colin Farrell (Creel and Gráda ). They have played festivals, pubs and theaters across the United States, Ireland and other parts of Europe. The band has performed at festivals in Philadelphia , New York City , Cleveland , Chicago , Milwaukee , Denver , and Dublin, Ohio and others. The Elders' songs have been played on more than 120 U.S. radio stations and have been featured live on WoodSongs Old-Time Radio Hour . Their "Live at

374-407: The chest wall, one of which is used to cut off a piece of lung for evaluation. The removed tissue is examined histopathologically by microscopy to confirm the presence and pattern of fibrosis as well as other features that may indicate a specific cause, such as specific types of mineral dust or possible response to therapy, e.g. a pattern of so-called non-specific interstitial fibrosis. Misdiagnosis

396-417: The development of lung fibrosis, as they are crucial for gene expression regulation and their dysregulation can contribute to fibrotic disease progression. The diagnosis can be confirmed by lung biopsy . A video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) under general anesthesia may be needed to obtain enough tissue to make an accurate diagnosis. This kind of biopsy involves placement of several tubes through

418-560: The diagnosis sensitivity, so that the prevalence and incidence has ranged from 0.7 per 100,000 in Taiwan to 63.0 per 100,000 in the U.S., and the published incidence has ranged from 0.6 per 100,000 person years to 17.4 per 100,000 person years. The mean age of all pulmonary fibrosis patients is between 65 and 70 years, making age a criterion of its own. Aging respiratory systems are much more vulnerable to fibrosis and stem cell depletion. Based on these rates, pulmonary fibrosis prevalence in

440-545: The lung bases on auscultation. A chest X-ray may not be abnormal, but high-resolution CT will often show abnormalities. Pulmonary fibrosis may be a secondary effect of other diseases. Most of these are classified as interstitial lung diseases . Examples include autoimmune disorders , viral infections, and bacterial infections such as tuberculosis that may cause fibrotic changes in the lungs' upper or lower lobes and other microscopic lung injuries. But pulmonary fibrosis can also appear without any known cause. In that case, it

462-781: The resulting stiffness or decreased compliance makes pulmonary fibrosis a restrictive lung disease . Pulmonary fibrosis is perpetuated by aberrant wound healing, rather than chronic inflammation. It is the main cause of restrictive lung disease that is intrinsic to the lung parenchyma. In contrast, quadriplegia and kyphosis are examples of causes of restrictive lung disease that do not necessarily involve pulmonary fibrosis. Common genes implicated in fibrosis are Transforming Growth Factor-Beta (TGF-β), Connective Tissue Growth Factor (CTGF), Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR), Interleukin-13 (IL-13), Platelet-Derived Growth Factor (PDGF), Wnt / β-catenin signaling pathway, and TNIK . Additionally, chromatin remodeler proteins affect

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484-563: The title The Elders . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Elders&oldid=999605619 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages The Elders (band) The band has released eight studio albums, The Elders , Pass It on Down , American Wake , Racing

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