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68-458: Terre Haute ( / ˈ t ɛr ə ˈ h oʊ t / TERR -ə HOHT ) is a city in, and the county seat of, Vigo County, Indiana , United States, about 5 miles (8 km) east of the state's western border with Illinois . As of the 2020 census , the city had a population of 58,389 and its metropolitan area had a population of 168,716. Located along the Wabash River , Terre Haute is one of

136-526: A Superior Court and Sheriff (as an officer of the court ), both located in a designated "shire town". Bennington County, Vermont has two shire towns; the court for "North Shire" is in the shire town Manchester , and the Sheriff for the county and court for "South Shire" are in the shire town Bennington. In 2024, Connecticut , which had not defined their counties for anything but statistical, historical and weather warning purposes since 1960, along with ending

204-410: A county seat may be an independent city surrounded by, but not part of, the county of which it is the administrative center; for example, Fairfax City is both the county seat of Fairfax County, Virginia and completely surrounded by Fairfax County, but the city is politically independent of the county. When the county seat is in the independent city, government offices such as the courthouse may be in

272-626: A major field of research in Chinese historical geography, especially from the 1960s to the 1980s. There are 1,355 counties in Mainland China out of a total of 2,851 county-level divisions. In Taiwan , the first counties were first established in 1661 by the Kingdom of Tungning . The later ruler Qing empire inherited this type of administrative divisions. With the increase of Han Chinese population in Taiwan,

340-487: A part of Knox County, Indiana , was platted in 1816. Terre Haute became the county seat of the newly formed Vigo County in 1818, leading to increased population growth. The village's estimated 1,000 residents voted to incorporate in 1832; the village was elevated to city status in 1853. Early Terre Haute was a center of farming, milling, and pork processing. However, the city's pre-1960 business and industrial expansion occurred largely due to transportation. The Wabash River,

408-602: A permanent population of European-Americans in the area that would become known as Terre Haute. A Wea Indian village already existed near the fort, and the orchards and meadows they kept a few miles south of the fort became the site of the present-day city. (Terre Haute's currently affiliated Order of the Arrow lodge of the Boy Scouts of America is named after the last leader of the Wea village, Jacco Godfroy.) The village of Terre Haute, then

476-455: A reputation for its arts and entertainment offerings. Grand opera houses were built that hosted hundreds of operas and theatrical performances. It became a stop on the popular vaudeville circuit. The development of the streetcar system and later the electric-powered trolleys in the 1890s allowed residents to travel with ease to baseball games, picnics, river excursions, amusement parks, and even horse racing. The famous "Four-Cornered" Racetrack, now

544-435: A screen measuring 54 ft × 33 ft (16 m × 10 m), which is the second-largest in the state. The theater, which had long sat vacant, was recently restored and is being used for concerts, film screenings, and other events. Terre Haute is home to several arts nonprofits, including Wabash Valley Art Spaces and Arts Illiana. Community Theatre of Terre Haute presented its first shows in 1928. A staple of

612-651: A strong music community. The Wabash Valley Musicians Hall of Fame recognizes local musicians yearly. Locally, the Blues at the Crossroads Festival brings more than 15,000 blues fans to the city the second weekend of September each year. A statewide high-school jazz festival is hosted annually by the Phi Mu Alpha chapter at Indiana State University. Terre Haute is also the birthplace of musician/actor Scatman Crothers . The Terre Haute Symphony Orchestra, established in 1926,

680-419: Is a participant in a national consortium of 14 science and technology museums. County seat In Canada , the provinces of Ontario , Quebec , New Brunswick , Prince Edward Island , and Nova Scotia have counties as an administrative division of government below the provincial level, and thus county seats. In the provinces of Prince Edward Island, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia the term "shire town"

748-520: Is an unincorporated community in eastern Sugar Creek Township , Vigo County , in the U.S. state of Indiana . It is part of the Terre Haute metropolitan area . Though the United States Board on Geographic Names has officially designated the area as Taylorville, the 2010 United States Census considered the area a census designated place called Dresser. Taylorville was founded in 1908, and

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816-412: Is home to a 602-seat theater on the campus of Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology. A performing arts series has been held annually at Hatfield Hall for over 10 years. Indiana State University holds a performing arts series on its campus, as well. The performances of both series range from Broadway musicals, musical acts, and plays to lectures and dance productions. Terre Haute has multiple music venues and

884-409: Is known as the seat of its county. Generally, the county legislature, county courthouse, sheriff's department headquarters, hall of records, jail and correctional facility are located in the county seat, though some functions (such as highway maintenance, which usually requires a large garage for vehicles, along with asphalt and salt storage facilities) may also be located or conducted in other parts of

952-658: Is located downtown, with the Terre Haute Children's Museum and the Clabber Girl Museum just blocks away. The three-story Children's Museum is at the intersection of Wabash Avenue and Eighth Street in downtown Terre Haute. It is a hands-on science and technology museum that has educated over 230,000 adults and children from over 22 counties in Indiana and Illinois. It has traveling exhibits focused on weather and space that educate children of Wabash Valley schools. The museum

1020-497: Is now locally named 3rd Street, but historically was 7th Street, making "7th and Wabash" the Crossroads of America . Terre Haute is 77 mi (124 km) southwest of Indianapolis and within 185 mi (298 km) of Chicago, St. Louis , Louisville , and Cincinnati . Climate in the city is characterized by relatively high summer temperatures, mean winter temperatures near freezing, and evenly distributed precipitation throughout

1088-522: Is the oldest professional orchestra in Indiana, antedating the Indianapolis Symphony by four years. The Terre Haute Symphony started as a volunteer group of musicians who provided community entertainment, and has evolved into a group of paid professional musicians who complete auditions to demonstrate their skill level. A series of concerts is offered from September through April, as well as a free Children's Concert for about 3,000 fourth graders from

1156-726: Is used in place of county seat. County seats in China are the administrative centers of the counties in the People's Republic of China . Xian have existed since the Warring States period and were set up nationwide by the Qin dynasty . The number of counties in China proper gradually increased from dynasty to dynasty. As Qin Shi Huang reorganized the counties after his unification, there were about 1,000. Under

1224-552: The Republic of China took over. There are 13 county seats in Taiwan, which function as county-administered cities , urban townships , or rural townships . In most of the United States , a county is an administrative or political subdivision of a state that consists of a geographic area with specific boundaries and usually some level of governmental authority. The city, town, or populated place that houses county government

1292-519: The U.S. 41 interchange, many downtown businesses relocated to Honey Creek Mall shopping center, built in 1968. Throughout the period, civic groups developed to work toward boosting the economy. The Terre Haute Committee for Area Progress developed the Fort Harrison Industrial Park in the 1970s. Grow Terre Haute in the mid-1980s encouraged the establishment of new stores, factories, and high-tech industrial parks that helped to stabilize

1360-408: The 2010 census, Terre Haute has an area of 35.272 square miles (91.35 km), of which 0.732 square miles (1.90 km) (or 2.08%) is covered by water. The Wabash River dominates the city's geography, forming its western border. Small bluffs on the east side of town mark the edge of the historic flood plain. Lost Creek and Honey Creek drain the city's northern and southern sections, respectively. In

1428-746: The Andy Warhol Photographic Legacy Program. These additions were to be added to the other Andy Warhol prints already held in the university's permanent collection. The gallery's Permanent Art Collection and Study Collection includes a total of 3,600 paintings, sculptures, ceramics, drawings, prints, and photographs. The cornerstone of the Terre Haute Arts Corridor is the historic Indiana Theater. Designed by famed theater architect John Eberson in Spanish Andalusian style and opened in 1922, this theater seats 1,674 and houses

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1496-508: The Eastern Han dynasty , the number of counties increased to above 1,000. About 1400 existed when the Sui dynasty abolished the commandery level (郡 jùn), which was the level just above counties, and demoted some commanderies to counties. In Imperial China, the county was a significant administrative unit because it marked the lowest level of the imperial bureaucratic structure; in other words, it

1564-676: The Indiana Chamber of Commerce named Terre Haute Indiana's Community of the Year. Located on 7th Street between Wabash Avenue and Ohio Street, Terre Haute Arts Corridor includes the Swope Art Museum and two galleries - the Halcyon Contemporary Art Gallery and Gopalan Contemporary Art. The first Friday of every month, the area features art openings, musical performances, and socializing. The Swope Art Museum , open and free to

1632-571: The Terre Haute arts scene, Community Theatre is a volunteer theatre producing five varied main stage plays and musical productions per year. Terre Haute also features the Crossroads Repertory Theatre, a professional theater company with over a 40-year history. Its season is mid-June through late-July and performances include classic and new plays and musicals, as well as educational programs and staged reading of new plays. Hatfield Hall

1700-935: The United States, followed by Towson , the county seat of Baltimore County, Maryland . Likewise, some county seats may not be incorporated in their own right, but are located within incorporated municipalities. For example, Cape May Court House, New Jersey , though unincorporated, is a section of Middle Township , an incorporated municipality. In some states, often those that were among the original Thirteen Colonies , county seats include or formerly included "Court House" as part of their name, such as Spotsylvania Courthouse, Virginia . Most counties have only one county seat. However, some counties in Alabama , Arkansas , Georgia , Iowa , Kentucky , Massachusetts , Mississippi , Missouri , New Hampshire , New York , and Vermont have two or more county seats, usually located on opposite sides of

1768-782: The Wabash Valley. Terre Haute is also home to various other music organizations, such as the Terre Haute Community Band, Terre Haute Sinfonietta Pops Orchestra, Terre Haute Children's Choir, Terre Haute Masterworks Chorale, Banks of the Wabash Chorus (which performs in Harmony Hall), the Sweet Harmony Women's Barbershop Chorus, and the Wabash Valley Musicians Hall of Fame. Terre Haute native Paul Dresser

1836-564: The age of 18 and 11.4% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line. Terre Haute is the location of the Federal Correctional Complex on Highway 63, two miles south of the city. The complex includes a medium-security federal correctional institution and a high-security United States penitentiary . The penitentiary houses the Special Confinement Unit for inmates serving federal death sentences and contains

1904-527: The building of the National Road (now US 40 ), and the Wabash and Erie Canal linked Terre Haute to the world and broadened the city's range of influence. The economy was based on iron and steel mills, hominy plants, and late in the 19th century, distilleries, breweries, and bottle makers. Coal mines and coal operating companies developed to support the railroads, yet agriculture remained predominant, largely due to

1972-416: The city in 1943. Following the war, Terre Haute gained several new factories: Pfizer (1948), Allis-Chalmers (1951), Columbia Records (1954), and Anaconda Aluminum (1959). The face of downtown Terre Haute began to change in the late 1960s when Interstate 70 was built, passing through Vigo County about 5 mi (8.0 km) south of the path of U.S. 40 Wabash Avenue). As traffic began to concentrate at

2040-479: The city, with 107,878 people residing in Vigo County. The city's population density was 1,759.8 inhabitants per square mile (679.5/km). The 25,518 housing units had an average density of 738.8/sq mi (285.3/km). The racial makeup of the city was 83.5% White, 10.9% African American, 0.4% Native American, 1.4% Asian, 0.8% from other races, and 2.9% from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 3.1% of

2108-418: The coal, railroad, and agriculture industries. Terre Haute remained dependent on consumer manufacturers such as Quaker Maid, the world's largest food processing factory under one roof. The city was an enthusiastic participant in the war effort with troop send-offs, victory gardens, bond sales, civil defense drills, parades, and ceremonies. The country's 100th United Service Organizations (USO) facility opened in

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2176-418: The county, especially if it is geographically large. A county seat is usually an incorporated municipality . The exceptions include the county seats of counties that have no incorporated municipalities within their borders, such as Arlington County, Virginia , where the county seat is the entire county. Ellicott City , the county seat of Howard County, Maryland , is the largest unincorporated county seat in

2244-420: The county. Examples include Harrison County, Mississippi , which has both Biloxi and Gulfport as county seats, and Hinds County, Mississippi , which has both Raymond and the state capital of Jackson . The practice of multiple county seat towns dates from the days when travel was difficult. There have been few efforts to eliminate the two-seat arrangement, since a county seat is a source of civic pride for

2312-407: The decline of the country's railroads had a negative effect on two of Terre Haute's major industries - distilleries/breweries and railroad repair works.In 1940, though, it was selected for a new United States penitentiary built on 1,126 acres (456 ha) south of the city. World War II brought an economic upswing with the development of three ordnance plants in the county and the revitalization of

2380-463: The downtown area can be traced to the construction of First Financial Bank 's new headquarters building in the late 1980s and the creation of the city's first tax increment financing district, which funded the first downtown parking structure. Over the years, more initiatives followed, including the construction of several new office buildings and a second downtown parking structure. With the efforts of nonprofit groups such as Downtown Terre Haute and

2448-623: The economy and enhance community life. Most encouraging was the arrival of the Digital Audio Disc Corporation ( DADC ), a subsidiary of the global company, Sony , as the first American factory designed exclusively to make compact discs. In other developments over these years, railroad overpasses eased traffic congestion, law enforcement strengthened, and several national and state awards for volunteerism and citizen participation boosted local pride. Like other Midwest manufacturing cities, Terre Haute faced daunting challenges as it neared

2516-611: The end of the 20th century, including the outmigration of the population and the closure of long-time manufacturing operations. Much of the city's resiliency can be attributed to the diversity of the local economy. Manufacturing continues to be an important part of that, due to the formation of the Vigo County Industrial Park. The efforts of the Terre Haute Economic Development Corporation, in cooperation with city and county government, have made

2584-616: The expansion of the campus of Indiana State University, changes have spurred growth downtown. Several new hotels and businesses have been added to the "Crossroads of America" near 7th and Wabash, outdoor events and festivals attract crowds nearly every weekend during the summer, and the 7th Street Arts Corridor and Terre Haute Children's Museum, completed in 2010, enhance the appeal of the downtown area. These developments over several years inspired property owners throughout downtown to rehabilitate and renovate their buildings, including Hulman & Company . A new $ 25 million downtown convention center

2652-452: The federal government's execution chamber. The Terre Haute prison experiments were conducted here in 1943 and 1944 by Dr. John C. Cutler. Terre Haute has made an effort to revitalize the businesses and culture in its downtown district. Festivals, museums, restaurants, shopping, and the addition of multiple hotels in the area have greatly improved the overall image of downtown Terre Haute. Its revitalization efforts were recognized in 2010 when

2720-572: The heart of downtown, and other downtown residential development followed. A casino was proposed to be built on the east side of the city near U.S. Route 40/Indiana Route 46. In November 2019, a referendum on whether to allow the casino to be built passed overwhelmingly and it was eventually opened in March 2024. Terre Haute lies along the eastern bank of the Wabash River in western Indiana, about 75 mi (121 km) west of Indianapolis . According to

2788-611: The independent city under an agreement, such as in Albemarle , or may in be enclaves of the county surrounded by the independent city, such as in Fairfax . Others, such as Prince William , have the courthouse in an enclave surrounded by the independent city and have the county government, the Board of Supervisors, in a different part of the county, far from the county seat. The following counties have their county seat in an independent city: Bedford

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2856-413: The industrial park home to some of the world's leading companies – Companhia Siderúrgica Nacional ’s cold-rolled steel-processing facility, Staples Corporation ’s Midwest Distribution Center, Advics automotive brake systems manufacturing facility, ThyssenKrupp Presta’s automotive steering systems manufacturing facility, and CertainTeed ’s fiber cement board manufacturing plant. The revitalization of

2924-661: The largest cities in the Wabash Valley and is known as the Queen City of the Wabash. The city is home to multiple higher-education institutions, including Indiana State University , Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology , and Ivy Tech Community College of Indiana . Terre Haute's name is derived from the French phrase terre haute (pronounced [tɛʁ ot] in French), meaning "highland". It

2992-659: The late 19th century (particularly during the oil craze of 1889), several oil and mineral wells were productive in and near the center of town. Pioneer Oil of Lawrenceville, Illinois , began drilling for oil at 10th and Chestnut Streets on the Indiana State University campus in December 2013, the first oil well drilled in downtown Terre Haute since 1903. Terre Haute is at the intersection of two major roadways: U.S. 40 , originally from California to Maryland , and US 41 , from Copper Harbor, Michigan , to Miami, Florida. US 41

3060-494: The number of counties also grew by time. By the end of Qing era, there were 11 counties in Taiwan. Protestant missionaries in China first romanized the term as hien . When Taiwan became a Japanese colony in 1895, the hierarchy of divisions also incorporated into the Japanese system in the period when Taiwan was under Japanese rule. By September 1945, Taiwan was divided into 8 prefectures ( 州 and 廳 ), which remained after

3128-410: The population. Of the 22,645 households, 28.8% had children under 18 living with them, 35.0% were married couples living together, 15.7% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.1% had a male householder with no wife present, and 44.2% were not families. About 34.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.2% had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size

3196-413: The population. Of the 22,977 households, 26.3% had children under 18 living with them, 32.3% were married couples living together, 23.3% had a male householder with no spouse present, 35.5% had a female householder with no spouse present, and 11,230 were not families. About 38.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.5% had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size

3264-516: The property as a museum, open by appointment. In 2014, a bronze sculpture, sponsored by Art Spaces and created by Teresa Clark to celebrate the composer, was dedicated in Fairbanks Park near the Dresser House. The Vigo County Historical Society Museum boasts a collection of artifacts in downtown Terre Haute into a 40,000 square foot, four-level building constructed in 1895. A triangle of museums

3332-457: The public since 1942, has a collection of American art, including work by Edward Hopper , Grant Wood , Thomas Hart Benton , Janet Scudder , Andy Warhol , Ruth Pratt Bobbs , Robert Motherwell , Robert Rauschenberg , and many others. The Turman Art Gallery at Indiana State University features rotating exhibitions by student and faculty artists. In 2007, the university was the recipient of nearly 150 Andy Warhol photographs and prints as part of

3400-442: The role of corn in making alcoholic beverages and food items. With steady growth and development in the latter part of the 19th century, the city's vibrant neighborhoods benefited from improved fire protection, the founding of two hospitals, dozens of churches, and a number of outlets for amusement. Terre Haute's position as an educational hub was fostered as several institutions of higher education were established. The city developed

3468-408: The site of Memorial Stadium , was laid out in 1886 and drew the best of the country's trotters and drivers. On the evening of Easter Sunday, March 23, 1913 , a major tornado struck the city around 9:45 pm, demolishing more than 300 homes, killing 21 people, and injuring 250. Damage to local businesses and industries was estimated at $ 1 million to $ 2 million (in 1913 dollars). Up to that time, it

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3536-764: The state's area, has no borough government or borough seat. One borough, the Lake and Peninsula Borough , has its borough seat located in another borough, namely King Salmon in Bristol Bay Borough . In Louisiana , which is divided into parishes rather than counties, county seats are referred to as "parish seats". In New England , counties have served mainly as dividing lines for the states' judicial systems. Rhode Island has no county level of government and thus no county seats, and Massachusetts has dissolved many but not all of its county governments. In Vermont , Massachusetts , and Maine county government consists only of

3604-416: The towns involved, along with providing employment opportunities. There are 33 counties with multiple county seats in 11 states: Alaska is divided into boroughs rather than counties; the county seat in these case is referred to as the "borough seat"; this includes six consolidated city-borough governments (one of which is styled as a "municipality"). The Unorganized Borough, Alaska , which covers 49% of

3672-607: The use of county seats in particular, will fully transition with the permission of the United States Census Bureau to a system of councils of government for the purposes of boundary definition and as county equivalents. Two counties in South Dakota , Oglala Lakota and Todd , have their county seat and government services centered in a neighboring county. Their county-level services are provided by Fall River County and Tripp County , respectively. In Virginia ,

3740-487: The village is difficult. As of 2013, Vigo County officials were attempting to purchase properties in Taylorville in an effort to remove residents from flood-prone residences. This plan has been met with resistance from Taylorville residents. Taylorville is located at 39°27′45″N 87°25′25″W  /  39.46250°N 87.42361°W  / 39.46250; -87.42361 at an elevation of 591 feet. Located very near

3808-586: The year. The Köppen climate classification this climate is Cfa (humid subtropical). In the 2020 census 58,389 people, 22,977 households, and 11,747 families were residing in the city. The city's population density was 1,679.15 inhabitants per square mile (648.3/km). The 25,890 housing units had an average density of 749.6/sq mi (289.4/km). The racial makeup of the city was 78.9% white, 10.8% African American, 4.2% Native American, 1.8% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 1.9% from other races, and 6.1% from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 3.9% of

3876-560: Was 1,908.3/sq mi (736.8/km). The racial makeup of the city was 86.3% White, 9.8% African American, 0.3% Native American, 1.2% Asian, 0.5% from other races, and 1.9% from two or more races. About 1.6% of the population was Hispanic or Latino of any race. Of the 22,870 households, 27.2% had children under 18 living with them, 39.0% were married couples living together, 14.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 43.0% were not families. About 34.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.1% had someone living alone who

3944-399: Was 2.24, and the average family size was 2.96. The median age in the city was 32.5 years. About 19.1% of residents were under 18; 19.5% were between 18 and 24, 25.4% were from 25 to 44, 20.8% were from 45 to 64, and 15.1% were 65 or older. The genetic makeup of the city was 51.0% male and 48.9% female. In the 2010 census, 60,785 people, 22,645 households, and 12,646 families were residing in

4012-427: Was 2.29, and the average family size was 2.95. The median age in the city was 32.7 years. About 20% of residents were under 18; 18.3% were between 18 and 24, 26.4% were from 25 to 44, 22.6% were from 45 to 64, and 12.6% were 65 or older. The gender makeup of the city was 51.6% male and 48.4% female. As of the census of 2000, 59,614 people, 22,870 households, and 13,025 families lived in the city. The population density

4080-416: Was 65 or older. The average household size was 2.28, and the average family size was 2.95. The median income for a household in the city was $ 28,018, and for a family was $ 37,618. Males had a median income of $ 29,375 versus $ 21,374 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 15,728. 19.2% of the population and 14.8% of families were below the poverty line. Of the total population, 17.4% of those under

4148-598: Was a late 19th-century singer, actor, songwriter, and music publisher, who became "one of the most important composers of the 1890s". In 1913, the Indiana General Assembly named Dresser's biggest hit, " On the Banks of the Wabash, Far Away " as the state song of Indiana . The Paul Dresser Birthplace in Fairbanks Park is listed on the National Register of Historic Places . The Vigo County Historical Society operates

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4216-409: Was an independent city from 1968 to 2013, while also being the county seat of Bedford County . Bedford reverted to an incorporated town, and remains the county seat, though is now part of the county. The state with the most counties is Texas, with 254, and the state with the fewest counties is Delaware, with 3. Taylorville, Indiana Taylorville , also known as Taylorsville or Dresser ,

4284-422: Was completed in 2021. Renovation of the city's 1930s-era Federal Building to house Indiana State University's Scott College of Business in 2010 and development of a new downtown location for Indiana State University Foundation and the university's bookstore in 2011 strengthened ties between the city and the university. In 2015, Indiana State University partnered with developers to build a student housing facility in

4352-399: Was named after a local farmer named Taylor. A post office was established under the name Dresser in 1932, and remained in operation until it was discontinued in 1935. Residents use the names Taylorville and Dresser interchangeably. Taylorville has historically had a reputation of being extremely poor and insular. A 1930s history of the village described it as “a breeding ground for all that

4420-462: Was named by French-Canadian explorers and fur trappers to the area in the early 18th century to describe the unique location above the Wabash River (see French colonization of the Americas ). At the time, the area was claimed by the French and British and these highlands were considered the border between Canada and Louisiana . The construction of Fort Harrison in 1811 marked the known beginning of

4488-407: Was repugnant to American standards.” Residents of Taylorville have recalled being bullied as children for being from the village. Residents do acknowledge that the village is extremely close-knit but also say they are simply independent and keep to themselves. Taylorville has declined in population in recent decades. The village is located in a floodplain and acquiring a permit to build a home in

4556-479: Was the deadliest tornado to hit Indiana. Heavy rains followed the tornado, causing the Wabash River to rise. By midday on Tuesday, March 25, West Terre Haute ( Taylorville ) was three-quarters submerged . Like all U.S. communities, Terre Haute experienced economic swings as the country's economic base evolved. Before the Great Depression brought the U.S. economy to a near halt, influences such as Prohibition and

4624-574: Was the lowest level that the government reached. Government below the county level was often undertaken through informal non-bureaucratic means, varying between dynasties. The head of a county was the magistrate , who oversaw both the day-to-day operations of the county as well as civil and criminal cases. The current number of counties mostly resembled that of the later years of the Qing dynasty . Changes of location and names of counties in Chinese history have been

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