44-526: Termini Station may refer to: Roma Termini railway station , a train station in Rome , Termini Station , a Canadian drama film released in 1989. See also [ edit ] Terminal Station (disambiguation) Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Termini Station . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change
88-601: A cardinal was known as "Cardinal Montalto" (to reflect his affection for his homeland). At the age of 9 years, Felice returned to Montalto to join his uncle in the Franciscan Convent of San Francesco delle Fratte. At the age of 12, he was initiated as a novice of the Franciscan Order , assuming the name of Fra Felice (Friar Felix) in 1535, maintaining his birth name. From this year, he started philosophical and theological studies, moving between different convents of
132-518: A Franciscan like himself. One of the things that commended his candidacy to certain cardinals may have been his physical vigour, which seemed to promise a long pontificate. His papal coronation was held on 1 May 1585 and he was crowned by the protodeacon Ferdinando de' Medici . The terrible condition in which Pope Gregory XIII had left the Papal States called for prompt and stern measures. Sixtus proceeded with an almost ferocious severity against
176-581: A fortune that would otherwise have been lost in the failed campaign. Sixtus had Cardinal William Allen draw up the An Admonition to the Nobility and People of England and Ireland , a proclamation to be published in England if the invasion had been successful. The extant document comprised all that could be said against Elizabeth I, and the indictment is therefore fuller and more forcible than any other put forward by
220-483: A marked influence on his subsequent actions. He hurried back to Rome upon the accession of Pius V, who made him apostolic vicar of his order and then, in 1570, cardinal . During the pontificate of his political enemy Gregory XIII (1572–1585), Cardinal Montalto, as he was generally called, lived in enforced retirement, occupied with the care of his property, the Villa Montalto, erected by Domenico Fontana close to
264-452: Is covered by a concrete roof that consists of a flattened and segmented arch, a modernist version of a barrel vault from a Roman bath. The vault is structurally integrated with a cantilevered canopy that extends over the entrance drive. The result is a gravity-defying modernist structure that also recalls a similar achievement of Roman architecture. The back of the hall leads to a transition space of ticketing functions and shops before reaching
308-486: Is said to relate to the theme of capturing the dynamics in sound and speed of a train. A length of the early 4th century BC Roman Servian Wall is preserved outside the station. The services serving the station include the following (incomplete): Pope Sixtus V Pope Sixtus V ( Italian : Sisto V ; 13 December 1521 – 27 August 1590), born Felice Piergentile , was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of
352-755: Is the main railway station of Rome , Italy . It is named after the district of the same name, which in turn took its name from ancient Baths of Diocletian (in Latin , thermae ), which lies across the street from the main entrance. It is Italy's busiest railway station and the fifth-busiest in Europe , with a traffic volume of approximately 150 million passengers per year, and with 850 trains in transit per day. The station has regular train services to all major Italian cities, as well as daily international services to Munich , Geneva , and Vienna . 150 million passengers use Roma Termini each year and 850 trains run in and out of
396-604: The Column of Marcus Aurelius (at the time misidentified as the Column of Antoninus Pius ) were made to serve as pedestals for the statues of SS Peter and Paul; the Minerva of the Capitol was converted into an emblem of Christian Rome ; the Septizodium of Septimius Severus was demolished for building materials. The spatial organization, monumental inscriptions and restorations throughout
440-567: The Papal States from 24 April 1585 to his death, in August 1590. As a youth, he joined the Franciscan order, where he displayed talents as a scholar and preacher, and enjoyed the patronage of Pius V , who made him a cardinal . As a cardinal, he was known as Cardinal Montalto . As Pope, he energetically rooted out corruption and lawlessness across Rome, and launched a far-sighted rebuilding programme that continues to provoke controversy, as it involved
484-662: The Venetian Holy Inquisition , but was so severe and conducted matters in such a high-handed manner that he became embroiled in quarrels. In 1560, the Venetian government asked for his recall. After a brief term as procurator of his order, he was attached in 1565 to the papal legation to Spain headed by Cardinal Ugo Boncampagni (later Pope Gregory XIII ) which was sent to investigate a charge of heresy levelled against Bartolomé Carranza , Archbishop of Toledo . The violent dislike which Peretti conceived for Boncampagni had
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#1732851636741528-572: The bull Immensa Aeterni Dei which reorganised the Roman Curia into departments. In his larger political relations, Sixtus entertained fantastic ambitions, such as the annihilation of the Turks , the conquest of Egypt , the transport of the Holy Sepulchre to Italy, and the accession of his nephew to the throne of France. The situation in which he found himself was difficult: he could not countenance
572-557: The "greater excommunication ." Jaroslav Pelikan , without giving any more details, says that this edition "proved to be so defective that it was withdrawn". Sixtus V created 33 cardinals in eight consistories during his reign, which included his grandnephew Alessandro Peretti di Montalto and his future successor Ippolito Aldobrandini who would later become Pope Clement VIII. During his pontificate, Sixtus V beatified Ubaldesca Taccini (1587) and canonized one saint, Didacus of Alcalá (10 July 1588). In 1588, Sixtus V published
616-496: The Eternal City as both modern and traditional, looking forward to the future as well as remembering its history. Its bold presence in the urban fabric expresses the diversity of the city's history, and speaks of the dramatic new scale of the modern industrial economy of Italy. The anodized aluminium frieze panels set in sequence along the length of the glass wall are the work of Hungarian-Italian artist Amerigo Tot . The composition
660-558: The Order. He finally completed his studies in the Franciscan Magna Domus of Bologna on September 1544. Three years earlier he had been ordained as a deacon. About 1552 he was noticed by Cardinal Rodolfo Pio da Carpi , Protector of the Franciscan order , Cardinal Ghislieri (later Pope Pius V ) and Cardinal Caraffa (later Pope Paul IV ), and from that time his advancement was assured. He was sent to Venice as inquisitor general of
704-598: The cardinal's beloved church on the Esquiline Hill , overlooking the ancient Baths of Diocletian . The first phase (1576–1580) of the building was enlarged after Peretti became pope and was able to clear buildings to open four new streets in 1585–86. The villa contained two residences, the Palazzo Sistino or "Palazzo di Termini" and the casino, called the Palazzetto Montalto e Felice . This clearance programme
748-655: The city reinforced the control, surveillance, and authority that alluded to his power. The subsequent administrative system of the Catholic Church owed much to Sixtus. He limited the College of Cardinals to seventy. He doubled the number of the congregations and enlarged their functions, assigning to them the principal role in the transaction of business (1588). He regarded the Jesuits with disfavour and suspicion. He considered radical changes to their constitution, but death prevented
792-492: The city than the current station. In 1937, it was decided to replace the old station, as part of the planning for the 1942 World's Fair , which was never held because of the outbreak of World War II . The old station was demolished, and part of the new station was constructed, but in 1943, upon the collapse of the Italian fascist government , works were halted. The side structures of the design by Angiolo Mazzoni still form part of
836-506: The city, and, as the third line was under development, the city chose to build one central station, as opposed to the Paris model of having separate terminus stations for each line or each direction. The dilapidated Villa Montalto-Peretti, erected in the 16th century by Pope Sixtus V , was chosen as the site for this new station, which was to be called the "Stazione Centrale delle Ferrovie Romane" (Central Station of Roman Railways). Construction of
880-738: The completion of the dome of St. Peter's ; the loggia of Sixtus in the Basilica di San Giovanni in Laterano ; the chapel of the Praesepe in Santa Maria Maggiore ; additions or repairs to the Quirinal , Lateran and Vatican palaces; the erection of four obelisks , including that in Saint Peter's Square ; the opening of six streets; the restoration of the aqueduct of Septimius Severus (" Acqua Felice ");
924-559: The comprehensive planning that had come to fruition during his retirement, bringing water to the waterless hills via his new aqueduct , the Acqua Felice which fed twenty-seven new fountains; laying out new arteries in Rome, which connected the great basilicas, even setting his engineer-architect Domenico Fontana to replan the Colosseum as a silk-spinning factory housing its workers. Inspired by
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#1732851636741968-476: The designs of those he considered as heretical princes, and yet he mistrusted King Philip II of Spain and viewed with apprehension any extension of his power. Sixtus agreed to renew the excommunication of Queen Elizabeth I of England , and to grant a large subsidy to the Armada of Philip II, but, knowing the slowness of Spain, would give nothing until the expedition actually landed in England. This way, he saved
1012-503: The destruction of antiquities. The cost of these works was met by heavy taxation which caused much suffering. His foreign policy was regarded as over-ambitious; he excommunicated King Henry IV of France and renewed the excommunication of Queen Elizabeth I of England . He is recognized as a significant figure of the Counter-Reformation . He is the most recent pope to date to take on the pontifical name "Sixtus". Felice Piergentile
1056-548: The establishment of a new "Monti" and by levying new taxes, he accumulated a vast surplus, which he stored up against certain specified emergencies, such as a crusade or the defence of the Holy See . Sixtus prided himself upon his hoard, but the method by which it had been amassed was financially unsound: some of the taxes proved ruinous, and the withdrawal of so much money from circulation could not fail to cause distress. Immense sums were spent upon public works, in carrying through
1100-626: The execution of his purpose. In 1588, he established the 15 congregations by his constitution Immensa Aeterni Dei . In May 1587, the Sixtine Septuagint was published under the auspices of Sixtus V. In May 1590 the Sixtine Vulgate was issued. The edition was preceded by the Bull Aeternus ille , in which the Pope declared the authenticity of the new Bible. The bull stipulated "that it
1144-512: The ideal of the Renaissance city, Pope Sixtus V's ambitious urban reform programme transformed the old environment to emulate the "long straight streets, wide regular spaces, uniformity and repetitiveness of structures, lavish use of commemorative and ornamental elements, and maximum visibility from both linear and circular perspective." The Pope set no limit to his plans, and achieved much in his short pontificate, always carried through at top speed:
1188-620: The integration of the Leonine City in Rome as XIV rione ( Borgo ). Besides numerous roads and bridges, he improved the city's air by financing the reclamation of the Pontine Marshes . Good progress was made, with more than 9,500 acres (38 km ) reclaimed and opened to agriculture and manufacture. The project was abandoned upon his death. Sixtus had no appreciation of antiquities, which were employed as raw material to serve his urbanistic and Christianising programs: Trajan's Column and
1232-470: The latter would be that the soul of the unborn child would be denied Heaven. Sixtus also attempted in 1586 to introduce into the secular law in Rome the Old Testament penalty for adultery , which is death. The measure ultimately failed. Sixtus V died on 27 August 1590 from malaria . The pope became ill with a fever on 24 August which intensified the following day. As Sixtus V lay on his deathbed, he
1276-487: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Termini_Station&oldid=1163362494 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Station disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Roma Termini railway station Roma Termini (in Italian , Stazione Termini ) ( IATA : XRJ )
1320-481: The main tram lines of the city cross at Porta Maggiore , some 1,500 metres (4,900 ft) east of the station. On 23 December 2006, the station was dedicated to Pope John Paul II . On 25 February 1863, Pope Pius IX opened the first, temporary Termini Station as the terminus of the Rome–Frascati , Rome–Civitavecchia and Rome- Ceprano lines. The first two lines previously had separate stations elsewhere in
1364-575: The penalty of excommunication relating to the Roman Catholic Church's teaching on contraception and on abortion . While the Church taught that abortion and contraception were gravely sinful actions, it did not apply to all mortal sins the additional penalty of excommunication . Some theologians argued that only after proof of the "quickening" (when the mother can feel the fetus's movement in her womb, usually about 20 weeks into gestation) that there
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1408-513: The permanent station began in 1868, in the last years of the Papal Temporal Power over the city of Rome, and was completed in 1874 after the Capture of Rome and installing of the government of United Italy . It was laid out according to a plan by the architect Salvatore Bianchi . The front of this station reached Via Cavour , which means it extended some 200 metres (660 ft) deeper into
1452-426: The present-day station. The current building was designed by the two teams selected through a competition in 1947: Leo Calini and Eugenio Montuori ; Massimo Castellazzi , Vasco Fadigati , Achille Pintonello and Annibale Vitellozzi . It was inaugurated in 1950. The building is characterized by the linear lobby hall, a tall space of monumental dimensions. This great hall is fronted by full-height glass walls, and
1496-460: The prevailing lawlessness. Thousands of brigands were brought to justice: within a short time, the country was again quiet and safe. It was claimed that there were more heads on spikes across the Ponte Sant'Angelo than melons for sale in the marketplace. And clergy and nuns were executed if they broke their vows of chastity. Next Sixtus set to work to repair the finances. By the sale of offices,
1540-411: The prospect of his conversion to Catholicism raised Sixtus V's hopes, and to a corresponding degree determined Philip II to tighten his grip upon his wavering ally. The Pope's negotiations with Henry's representative evoked a bitter and menacing protest and a categorical demand for the performance of promises. Sixtus took refuge in evasion and temporised until his death on 27 August 1590. Sixtus extended
1584-539: The religious exiles, who were generally reticent in their complaints. Allen carefully consigned his publication to the fire, and it is only known of through one of Elizabeth's spies, who had stolen a copy. Sixtus excommunicated King Henry III of Navarre , who was the heir presumptive to the throne of France, and contributed to the Catholic League , but he chafed under his forced alliance with King Philip II of Spain, and looked for an escape. The victories of Henry and
1628-411: The station per day. With 32 platforms, Roma Termini is the joint largest railway station in Europe , tied with Paris ' Gare du Nord and Munich's München Hbf . Termini is also the main hub for public transports inside Rome. Two Rome Metro lines (A and B) intersect at Termini metro station , and a major bus station is located at Piazza dei Cinquecento, the square in front of the station. However,
1672-401: The train shed, and is topped by an even longer building block that houses a 10-story hotel, clad with travertine . Access to the platforms can be gained on the main level and also via a subterranean passageway reached by escalators, both routes currently endowed with additional security measures. Architecturally, the building expresses the sense of arrival in Rome, and communicates a sense of
1716-468: Was an undoubted gain in the relief it brought to the congestion of the crowded medieval city. Clearly, however, Romans displaced by it were furious, and resentment was still felt centuries later until the decision was taken to build Roma Termini railway station , inaugurated by Pope Pius IX in 1863, on the site of the Villa, which became doomed to destruction. Cardinal Montalto's other occupation at this period
1760-552: Was born on 13 December 1521 at Grottammare , in the Papal States , to Francesco Piergentile (also known as Peretto di Montalto, from the city of origin Montalto delle Marche ), and Mariana da Frontillo. His father had taken refuge in Grottammare to escape the oppression of the Duke of Urbino , finding there a job as a gardener. Felice later adopted Peretti as his family name in 1551, and as
1804-478: Was incontrovertible evidence that ensoulment had already occurred. Until Sixtus V, canon lawyers had applied the code from Gratian whereby excommunications were only given to abortions after the quickening. In 1588 the pope issued a papal bull, Effraenatam or Effrenatam ("Without Restraint"), which declared that the canonical penalty of excommunication would be levied for any form of contraception and for abortions at any stage in fetal development. The reasoning on
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1848-448: Was loathed by his political subjects, but history has recognized him as one of the most important popes. On the negative side, he could be impulsive, obstinate, severe, and autocratic. On the positive side, he was open to large ideas and threw himself into his undertakings with energy and determination; this often led to success. His pontificate saw great enterprises and great achievements. About 5,000 bandits were executed by Sixtus V in
1892-531: Was to be considered as the authentic edition recommended by the Council of Trent , that it should be taken as the standard of all future reprints, and that all copies should be corrected by it." "This edition was not to be reprinted for 10 years except at the Vatican, and after that any edition must be compared with the Vatican edition, so that "not even the smallest particle should be altered, added or removed" under pain of
1936-446: Was with his studies, one of the fruits of which was an edition of the works of Ambrose . As pope he would personally supervise the printing of an improved edition of Jerome's Vulgate . Though not neglecting to follow the course of affairs, Felice carefully avoided every occasion of offence. This discretion contributed not a little to his election to the papacy on 24 April 1585, with the title of Sixtus V to honour Pope Sixtus IV , also
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