Misplaced Pages

#202797

20-607: The 9th Dynasty was founded at Herakleopolis Magna , and the 10th Dynasty continued there. At this time Egypt was not unified, and there is some overlap between these and other local dynasties. The Turin Canon lists eighteen kings for this royal line, but their names are damaged, unidentifiable, or lost. The following is a possible list of rulers of the Tenth Dynasty based on the Turin Canon, as Egyptologists have differing opinions about

40-528: A name harking back to the site's period of Roman occupation) had much left to be unearthed. Petrie discovered a great deal that Naville had not believed existed. He completed the excavation of the temple of Heryshef, and attempted to find other remains in an area around the temple. In so doing, he succeeded in discovering such previously unknown features. such as a house's remains from the Roman period of occupation. He also identified another temple that he attributed to

60-625: A previously unknown tomb with several false doors dating to the First Intermediate Period, as well as funeral offerings, all of which had not been vandalized. Other finds include the funeral chapel of senior official Neferjau and his wife Sat-Bahetep, and the remains of tomb H.1 belonging to a late-11th Dynasty officier named Khety. Heryshaf B C D F G H I K M N P Q R S T U W In Egyptian mythology , Heryshaf , or Hershef ( Ancient Egyptian : ḥrj š f "He who

80-626: A temple at the site dating to the Twelfth Dynasty . The Twelfth Dynasty temple was rebuilt during the Eighteenth Dynasty and later refurbished during the Nineteenth Dynasty . During the reign of Ramesses II , a pronaos was added to the temple. The sixteen palm columns used were taken from existing temples, possibly those of Djedkare Isesi or Sahure . Yasuoka speculates that Ramesses II's fourth son, Prince Khaemweset , may have been

100-463: Is on His Lake"), transcribed in Greek as Harsaphes or Arsaphes ( Koinē Greek : Ἁρσαφής ) was an ancient ram deity whose cult was centered in ancient Heracleopolis Magna . He was identified with Ra and Osiris in ancient Egyptian religion , as well as Dionysus or Heracles in the interpretatio graeca . The identification with Heracles may be related to the fact that in later times his name

120-750: Is the Roman name of the capital of the 20th nome of ancient Upper Egypt , known in Ancient Egyptian as nn nswt . The site is located approximately 15 km (9.3 mi) west of the modern city of Beni Suef , in the Beni Suef Governorate of Egypt. In Ancient Egypt , Heracleopolis Magna was called nn nswt , meaning Child of the King (appearing as hnn nswt or hwt nn nswt ; also transcribed Henen-Nesut or Hut-Nen-Nesut ). This later developed into Coptic : Ϩⲛⲏⲥ or ϩⲛⲉⲥ ( /ǝhnes/ ), which

140-667: The Third Intermediate Period (1069–664 BC), Herakleopolis again rose in importance. There were many renovations and new constructions of the temple and mortuary centers that existed in the city, and it again became an important religious and political center. By the Ptolemaic Kingdom (332–30 BC), Herakleopolis was still an important religious and cultural center in Egypt. The Greek rulers of this period, in an attempt to find connections and comparisons between their own gods and

160-546: The sacred lake of Heryshef at Nenj-neswt , the ancient name of the city, suggests that it was already in existence by the mid First Dynasty , c. 2970 BC. Herakleopolis first came to prominence and reached its apogee of power during the First Intermediate Period , between 2181 and 2055 BC. Eventually after the collapse of the Old Kingdom , Egypt was divided into Upper and Lower Egypt . Herakleopolis became

180-414: The 11th Dynasty. From the later Roman periods, Petrie found numerous objects associated with many of the mortuary sites that he unearthed, including iron tools, pottery, and icons. While other excavations are not numerous and are naturally overshadowed by that of Flinders Petrie and his famous expedition, there have been several more recent excavations that have also increased knowledge of the site. During

200-605: The 1980s, a Spanish team conducted excavations and uncovered such artefacts as a libation altar and a pair of decorated eyes, presumably from a statue, all attributed to a temple dated to the Third Intermediate Period. A Spanish team also conducted excavations as recently as 2008, under the direction of María del Carmen Pérez-Die of the National Archaeological Museum in Madrid, Spain. Their efforts revealed

220-618: The 19th Dynasty, as well as the aforementioned additions to the Temple of Heryshef associated with Ramesses the Great . Other than archaeological features, the artefacts found by Petrie during his excavation are numerous, and span the entire chronological range of settlement. Relating specifically to artefacts found from the end of the First Intermediate Period and the beginning of the Middle Kingdom, Petrie uncovered numerous pot sherds he associated with

SECTION 10

#1732851791203

240-813: The Palermo Stone reporting king Den's visit to the sacred lake of Heryshef at Nenj-neswt, suggests that the town had already been founded by the 1st Dynasty. The site was called nn-nswt in Demotic which was pronounced ǝhnes in Coptic , Heracleopolis (Magna) during the Hellenistic period and the Roman Empire and Ihnasiyya in Egyptian Arabic . No remains of the Old Kingdom temple survive. Flinders Petrie found remains of

260-408: The de facto capital of Upper Egypt, ancient Thebes . Between the latter part of the First Intermediate Period and the early Middle Kingdom , the city became the religious center of the cult of Heryshaf , and the Temple of Heryshaf was constructed. Heracleopolis Magna and its dynasty was defeated by Mentuhotep II in c. 2055–2004 BC, which ushered in the Middle Kingdom period. By the time of

280-562: The death of Alexander the Great . The Roman Empire used a Latinised form of the Greek name. Some Egyptologists and Biblical scholars connect the biblical city of Hanes ( Hebrew : חָנֵס Ḥānês ) mentioned in Isaiah 30:4 with Heracleopolis Magna. The date of the earliest settlements on the site of Herakleopolis is not known, but an entry on the Palermo Stone reporting king Den 's visit to

300-521: The gods of the land that they were now ruling, associated Haryshef with Heracles in the interpretatio graeca , thus the name often used by modern scholars for Herakleopolis. The site of Herakleopolis was occupied even into Roman times . Near the Necropolis of Sedmet el-Gebel , houses dating to this period were found, which in and of itself implies a continued occupation of the area. The first person to undertake an extensive excavation at Herakleopolis

320-481: The order of succession within the two dynasties. Among them, only Wahkare Khety and Merykare are undoubtedly attested by archaeological finds: This article about subjects relating to Ancient Egypt is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Herakleopolis Magna Heracleopolis Magna ( Ancient Greek : Μεγάλη Ἡρακλέους πόλις , Megálē Herakléous pólis ), Heracleopolis ( Ἡρακλεόπολις , Herakleópolis ) or Herakleoupolis ( Ἡρακλεούπολις )

340-469: The principal city of Lower Egypt and was able to exercise its control over much of the region. Herakleopolis exerted such great control over Lower Egypt during this time that Egyptologists and Egyptian archaeologists sometimes refer to the period between the 9th and 10th Dynasties (2160–2025 BC) as the Herakleopolitan Period. During this period, Herakleopolis often found itself in conflict with

360-479: Was borrowed into early Egyptian Arabic : اهناس Ahnās . The site is now known as Ihnasiyyah Umm al-Kimam "Ihnasiyyah, Mother of the Shards" and as Ihnasiyyah al-Madinah "The City of Ihnasiyyah". The Greek name meant "City of Heracles ", with the epithet "great" being added to distinguish it from other towns with that name . The Greek form became more common during the Ptolemaic Kingdom , which came to power after

380-524: Was sometimes reanalysed as ḥrj-šf.t "He who is over strength". One of his titles was "Ruler of the Riverbanks". Heryshaf was a creator and fertility god who was born from the primordial waters . He was pictured as a ram or a man with a ram's head. The site goes back to the Early Dynastic Period or the Old Kingdom of Egypt . The precise founding date of Herakleopolis is not known, but an entry on

400-483: Was the Swiss Egyptologist Edouard Naville . After excavating what he believed to be the entirety of the Temple of Heryshef, Naville came to the conclusion that he had found all that Herakleopolis had to offer. His friend Sir Flinders Petrie , on the other hand, “...in 1879 suspected that the region already cleared was only a part of the temple,” and thus Herakleopolis (or Ehnasya as he called it,

#202797